CN111338271A - Comprehensive environment monitoring system based on NB-IOT cable shaft - Google Patents
Comprehensive environment monitoring system based on NB-IOT cable shaft Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive environment monitoring system based on an NB-IOT cable well, which comprises an RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, an RFID temperature sensor unit, an RFID displacement sensor unit, an RFID water sensor unit, a harmful gas sensor unit, a cable partial discharge monitoring host, an audible and visual alarm unit, an NB-IOT communication terminal and a monitoring master station, wherein the RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit, the cable partial discharge monitoring host and the audible and visual alarm unit are all electrically connected with the NB-IOT communication terminal, and the NB-IOT communication terminal is in communication connection with the monitoring master station. The invention realizes the online management of the operation of the distribution network equipment, monitors the operation state and the operation environment state of the equipment in real time, effectively manages the assets of the power equipment, solves the problems of self power supply energy, long-term fault-free work, stable communication and the like of products in severe environment, and better improves the service quality of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable well monitoring, in particular to a comprehensive environment monitoring system based on an NB-IOT cable well.
Background
With social progress and economic development, electric power is the most common energy form, plays an increasingly important role in national economy and social life, strengthens the management level of a distribution network, improves the reliability and economy of power supply, reduces operation and maintenance cost and improves labor efficiency, and is urgent, and meanwhile, various distribution network technical innovations and new technical applications attract more attention and attention in all aspects.
At present, most electric power companies in the whole country are still in the scheduled maintenance stage of power cable management, and the general method is to adopt a method of regular test and inspection to check the operation condition of the cable. From the economic angle and the technical angle, plan maintenance has very big limitation, and periodic test and tour can only detect the collection to the insulating state in test and the tour time quantum, and real-time supervision is not, have the limitation in time, can't discover potential defect in time. With the rapid increase of the power load, the power company is under greater and greater pressure on the operation and maintenance of the cable, it is not practical to deal with the rapid increase and management pressure of the power cable by only increasing the number of operation and maintenance personnel greatly, and it is urgent to adopt a real-time online monitoring technical means to improve the operation and maintenance level of the power cable.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a comprehensive environmental monitoring system based on NB-IOT cable well, aiming at the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a comprehensive environment monitoring system based on NB-IOT cable shaft, includes RFID ground connection circulation sensor unit, RFID temperature sensor unit, RFID displacement sensor unit, RFID water logging sensor unit, harmful gas sensor unit, cable partial discharge monitoring host computer, audible-visual annunciator unit, NB-IOT communication terminal and control main website, RFID ground connection circulation sensor unit, RFID temperature sensor unit, RFID displacement sensor unit, RFID water logging sensor unit, harmful gas sensor unit, cable partial discharge monitoring host computer and audible-visual annunciator unit all with NB-IOT communication terminal electricity is connected, NB-IOT communication terminal and control main website communication connection.
Preferably, the NB-IOT communication terminal includes a single chip microcomputer U2, an NB module U3, a communication interface RF1, and a charging chip circuit, and the NB module U3, the communication interface RF1, and the charging chip circuit are all connected to the single chip microcomputer U2.
Preferably, the charging chip circuit comprises a power chip W1, a charging chip W2 and a voltage dual comparator U5, and the voltage dual comparator U5 is connected to the power chip W1 and the charging chip W2 respectively.
Preferably, the communication interface RF1 is electrically connected to the RFID grounding loop current sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit, the cable partial discharge monitoring host, and the audible and visual alarm unit, respectively.
Preferably, the NB-IOT module U3A, the NB-IOT module U3B, the electrostatic and latch protection chip U4, the transistor Q2, the resistor R10, the resistor R11, and the resistor R12, one end of the resistor R12 is connected to a twenty-sixth pin of the single chip U2, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to a gate of the transistor Q2, a drain of the transistor Q2 is connected to a fifteenth pin of the single chip U2, one ends of the resistor R10 and the resistor R11 are respectively connected to a twenty-first pin and a twenty-second pin of the single chip U2, and a thirty-eighth pin, a thirty-ninth pin, a forty-fourth pin, and a forty-first pin of the single chip U2 are respectively connected to a first pin, a sixth pin, and a fifth pin of the electrostatic and latch protection chip U4.
Preferably, the audible and visual alarm unit includes a plug-in TJC3A, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a resistor R26, a diode D3, a transistor Q3, and a transistor Q6, a first pin of the plug-in TJC3A and a cathode of the diode D3 are both connected to a source of a transistor Q6, a drain of the transistor Q6 is connected to one end of the resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 and a gate of the transistor Q6 are both connected to one end of the resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected to a drain of the transistor Q3, a gate of the transistor Q3 is connected to a thirty-ninth pin of the mcu U2 via a resistor R24, and a source of the transistor Q3, an anode of the diode Q3, and a third pin of the plug-in TJC3A are all grounded.
By adopting the technical scheme, the comprehensive environment monitoring system based on the NB-IOT cable well has the following beneficial effects: the system realizes the online function through an RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, an RFID temperature sensor unit, an RFID displacement sensor unit, an RFID water sensor unit, a harmful gas sensor unit, a cable partial discharge monitoring host and an audible and visual alarm unit, realizes an NB-IoT narrowband Internet of things communication technology wireless universe network through an NB-IOT communication terminal, acquires data through the RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit and the cable partial discharge monitoring host, transmits the data to a cloud server through the NB-IOT communication terminal, analyzes and displays the cloud data by transmitting the data to a main station monitoring station at one time for 4 hours, uploads burst data (alarm data and abrupt change data) in real time, and under the condition of alarm triggering, the audible and visual alarm unit performs voice monitoring on the cloud data, Alarming in real time in the form of short messages and APP; further, online operation management of the distribution network equipment is achieved, the operation state and the operation environment state of the equipment are monitored in real time, and assets of the power equipment are effectively managed; the distributed one-stop solution scheme with ad hoc network, micro power consumption and wireless transmission is realized, the problems of self power supply energy of products, long-term fault-free work, stable communication and the like in severe environment are successfully solved, the safety and abnormal states of power equipment can be timely found by constructing a real-time data internet of things acquisition system, faults and dangerous situations can be timely and effectively prevented from occurring, and the service quality of a power grid is better improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, a 2-RFID temperature sensor unit, a 3-RFID displacement sensor unit, a 4-RFID water sensor unit, a 5-harmful gas sensor unit, a 6-cable partial discharge monitoring host, a 7-audible and visual alarm unit, an 8-NB-IOT communication terminal and a 9-monitoring master station are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the structural block diagram of the invention, the comprehensive environment monitoring system based on the NB-IOT cable well includes an RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, an RFID temperature sensor unit, an RFID displacement sensor unit, an RFID water sensor unit, a harmful gas sensor unit, a cable partial discharge monitoring host, an audible and visual alarm unit, an NB-IOT communication terminal and a monitoring master station, wherein the RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit, the cable partial discharge monitoring host and the audible and visual alarm unit are all electrically connected with the NB-IOT communication terminal, and the NB-IOT communication terminal is in communication connection with the monitoring master station. It can be understood that the RFID grounding loop current sensor unit includes a grounding loop current sensor, the single core cable metal sheath has extremely small current on the metal sheath under normal conditions (i.e. one point grounding), mainly capacitive current, and once the metal sheath has a multi-point grounding to form a loop with the ground, the loop current is significantly increased, and in severe cases can be as high as more than 90% of the main current. The on-line monitoring grounding circulation sensor monitors the real-time current value of a coaxial cable (grounding wire), can reflect whether cable circulation has problems, can effectively monitor the abnormity of grounding circulation when three-phase circulation is unbalanced or the phase difference value is larger or the monitoring value is larger, and remotely sets an early warning value according to the current curve of the cable grounding circulation, so as to prevent cable accidents in advance and ensure that the operating environment in a cable trench is safer; the cable partial discharge monitoring host comprises a high-frequency current partial discharge sensor, and in the operation process of a cable, the electric field intensity of some regions in or on the surface of an insulator is higher than the average electric field intensity, the breakdown field intensity of some regions is lower than the average breakdown field intensity, so that the discharge phenomenon can occur in the regions firstly, and the normal insulation characteristics of other regions are still maintained, so that partial discharge is formed. The basic reason for the occurrence of partial discharges is the presence of weak points in the insulation of the cable (e.g. air gaps, impurities, etc.), which discharges in these local areas when the electric field strength reaches a certain value. The CSM high-frequency current sensor is mainly used for monitoring partial discharge of high-voltage cable equipment and adopts a pulse current principle. Due to the fact that most high-voltage cable equipment has distributed capacitance on the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side or the grounding part, when discharging occurs in a high field intensity area, the high-voltage cable equipment is coupled to the grounding part and enters the ground through the grounding wire. The CSM sensor is clamped on a grounding wire, a pulse current signal generated by partial discharge of the CSM sensor is monitored, a frequency band is selected and the bandwidth is controlled through a partial discharge monitoring host, and an interference signal is removed, so that effective partial discharge information of the detected equipment is obtained; the RFID water sensor unit comprises a water sensor, a water immersion line sensor, an NB-IOT communication terminal, a water immersion line monitoring protocol, an automatic networking protocol or an ultralow power consumption bidirectional communication self-defined protocol, wherein the NB-IOT communication terminal is communicated with the RFID water sensor, the water immersion line monitoring performance is low, the RFID water sensor unit is provided with the automatic networking protocol or the ultralow power consumption bidirectional communication self-defined protocol, the water level state in a cable trench is monitored in real time by matching with the water immersion sensor, if the water level state exceeds a set value, an alarm is given to inform relevant personnel of draining, and safety accidents caused by water immersion are effectively; the RFID temperature sensor unit comprises a temperature sensor, is used for monitoring the temperature of a cable in real time, can effectively prevent accidents such as cable explosion and the like according to a cable cycle temperature curve, and can give an alarm in advance aiming at fire disasters caused by short circuit, overcurrent and the like of a circuit, so that the operating environment in a cable trench is safer; the RFID displacement sensor unit comprises a well lid displacement sensor, the well lid displacement sensor transmits vibration or displacement signals in real time by detecting an absolute value of acceleration of an X, Y, Z shaft, so that the state of a cable well lid is monitored in real time, and the occurrence of a cable theft event is effectively prevented; this audible-visual annunciator unit is used for alarm information to report in real time, and after uploading APP, main website, APP, main website can demonstrate the detailed installation address of relevant alarm information equipment to edit the short message according to alarm information and send to relevant staff, effectively accomplish intelligent early warning. The grounding loop current sensor adopts Rogowski coil collection, a high-precision digital sensor is arranged in the grounding loop current sensor, the wide current measurement range is 0-1000A, a CSM ad hoc network protocol is adopted, remote communication can be realized, the CSM ad hoc network protocol is provided, the Rogowski coil collection is adopted, the signal output of the whole current range is stable, the linearity is good, and the high-precision current data collection function in a large area range can be realized; the current monitoring range is large, and the precision is high; the harmful gas sensor is used for detecting combustible or harmful gas in the environment, has an ad hoc network protocol and communicates with the NB-IOT communication terminal. The conductivity of the sensor increases along with the increase of the concentration of combustible gas in the air and is converted into an output signal corresponding to the gas concentration to alarm, and the output signal is used for detecting toxic gas (ppm) in the surrounding atmosphere. Can detect carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, methane, oxygen, ozone, ammonia and other gases. The well lid displacement sensor has displacement and vibration sensing functions, is provided with an ad hoc network protocol or is communicated with an NB-IOT communication terminal based on an ultra-low power consumption two-way communication custom protocol, has ultra-low power consumption performance, can be used for 5 years, can detect the absolute value of acceleration of three shafts, transmits vibration or displacement signals in real time, and has real-time response time less than 5 seconds. The tag reading speed is high, is more than 300 tags per second, and has an excellent anti-collision protocol.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the NB-IOT communication terminal includes a single chip microcomputer U2, an NB module U3, a communication interface RF1, and a charging chip circuit, and the NB module U3, the communication interface RF1, and the charging chip circuit are all connected to the single chip microcomputer U2; the charging chip circuit comprises a power chip W1, a charging chip W2 and a voltage double comparator U5, wherein the voltage double comparator U5 is respectively connected with the power chip W1 and the charging chip W2; the communication interface RF1 is respectively and electrically connected with the RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit, the cable partial discharge monitoring host and the audible and visual alarm unit; the NB-IOT module U3A, the NB-IOT module U3B, the electrostatic and latch protection chip U4, the transistor Q2, the resistor R10, the resistor R11, and the resistor R12, wherein one end of the resistor R12 is connected to a twenty-sixth pin of the single chip U2, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to a gate of the transistor Q2, a drain of the transistor Q2 is connected to a fifteenth pin of the single chip U2, one end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R11 are respectively connected to a twenty-first pin and a twenty-second pin of the single chip U2, and a thirty-eighth pin, a thirty-ninth pin, a forty-fourth pin, and a forty-first pin of the single chip U2 are respectively connected to a first pin, a sixth pin, and a fifth pin of the electrostatic and latch protection chip U4; the audible and visual alarm unit comprises a plug-in unit TJC3A, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a resistor R26, a diode D3, a transistor Q3 and a transistor Q6, wherein a first pin of the plug-in unit TJC3A and a cathode of the diode D3 are connected with a source electrode of a transistor Q6, a drain electrode of the transistor Q6 is connected with one end of a resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 and a gate electrode of the transistor Q6 are connected with one end of a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with a drain electrode of a transistor Q3, a gate electrode of the transistor Q3 is connected with a thirty-ninth pin of the singlechip U2 through a resistor R24, and a source electrode of the transistor Q3, an anode electrode of the diode Q3 and a third pin of the plug-in unit TJC3A are all. As can be understood, the NB-IOT communication terminal includes: the device comprises a single chip microcomputer U2, an NB module U3, a SIM card holder SIM1, a low-power consumption power supply chip W1, a charging chip W2, a voltage dual comparator U5, MOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8; triode QR1, tantalum capacitors E2, E3, E4 patch capacitors CR1, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C18, C19, C20, C21, C22, C23 and C24; electrolytic capacitors E1, E5, E6, E7, E8; patch resistances RR1, RR2, RR3, RR4, RR5, RR6, RR7, RR8, RR9, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R36 37, R38, R36 37 2, R39; patch diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9; the LED lamp comprises a light emitting diode LED1, an LED2, inductors L1 and L2, a unidirectional TVS tube TVS1, a TVS2, a TVS3, a white socket JP1, JP3, JF, VOUT, YGOUT, SGOUT, TEST, an RF module RF1, a relay K1, a green socket JP2, a single-pin JTAG, an NB antenna base ANT1, an RS485 conversion chip UR1 and a patch SW 1. The 1 pin of JP3 is connected to the positive pole of D9 and the 2 pin is grounded. The negative electrode of D9 is connected with the negative electrode of D4 and then connected with VIN, the positive electrode of D4 is connected with the negative electrode of TVS3 and then connected with the 7 pin of W3, and the positive electrode of TVS3 is grounded. One end of R1 is connected with VIN and the other end is connected with ADC1 and then connected with R2 in series, R2 is connected with C18 in parallel, and the other end of R2 is connected with ground. The anode of E5 is connected to VIN and the cathode is grounded. A pin 1 of a charging chip W2 is connected with a VIN series through a C19, a pin 2 of a charging chip W2 is grounded, one end of a pin 3 of the charging chip W2 is connected with the cathode of an LED2, the anode of an LED2 is connected with VIN, a pin 4 of a charging chip W2 is connected with VIN in series through R27, R28 is connected with R29 in series, the other end of R28 is connected with a pin 4 of a charging chip W2, and the other end of R29 is grounded. R31 is connected in series with C24, the other end of R31 is connected with 5 pins of the charging chip W2, and the other end of C24 is grounded. R34 is connected in series with R35, the other end of R34k is connected with pin 6 of the charging chip W2 and then connected with one end of R33, the other end of R35 is grounded, and the other end of R33 is connected with pin 7 of the charging chip W2 and then connected with VBAT. The pin 7 and the pin 8 of the charging chip W2 are connected in series with the pin R32. And a pin 9 of the charging chip W2 is connected with VIN. The pin 10 of the charging chip W2 is connected to the G pole of Q8, the S pole of Q8 is connected to VIN, the D pole of Q8 is connected to the positive pole of D6, the negative pole of D6 is connected to the negative pole of D7, then the negative pole is connected to one end of L2, the positive pole of D7 is grounded, and the other end of L2 is connected to the pin 8 of the charging chip W2. The anode of E6 is connected to VBAT and the cathode is connected to ground. One end of R36 is connected to VBAT and the other end is connected to R37 and then to ADC2, the other end of R37 is connected to ground, and C20 is connected with R37 in parallel. JP1 has a 1 pin to ground 2 pin to VBAT. The anode of D5 is connected with VIN cathode, the anode of E7 is connected with VCC12C, the cathode of E7 is grounded, and E8 and E7 are connected in parallel. A pin 1 of the voltage double comparator U5 is connected with one end of an R42, the other end of the R42 is connected with one end of an R43 and then connected with a G pole of a Q7, the other end of the R43 is connected with an S pole of a Q7 and then connected with a negative pole of a D8, the positive pole of the D8 is connected with VBAT, and the D pole of the Q7 is connected with a VCC 12V. The 2 pin of the voltage double comparator U5 is connected with one end of C22 and then connected with one end of R39, the other end of C22 is connected with the ground R39 and then connected with VBAT, R41 is connected with C22 in parallel, C21 is connected with the 2 and 3 pins of the voltage double comparator U5 in parallel, the 3 pin of the voltage double comparator U5 is connected with one end of C23 and then connected with one end of R38, the other end of C23 is connected with ground, the other end of R38 is connected with VIN, and R40 is connected with C23 in parallel. The pins 4, 5 and 6 of the voltage double comparator U5 are grounded. The 8 pin of the voltage dual comparator U5 is connected to VBAT. A pin 1 and a pin 8 of a low-power-consumption power supply chip W1 are connected with a pin C6 in parallel, a pin 2 and a pin 3 of a low-power-consumption power supply chip W1 are connected with a pin C12, one end of the pin C5 is connected with a VCC12, the other end of the pin C12 is connected with the ground, a pin 4 of a low-power-consumption power supply chip W1 is connected with one end of an R5, and the other end of. The 5 pin of the low-power chip W1 is connected to one end of R6 and R7, the other end of R6 is connected with VCC3V3, the other end of R7 is grounded, the 6 pin of the low-power chip W1 is connected with ground in series to C11, and the 7 pin of the low-power chip W1 is grounded. The 8 pin of the low-power consumption power supply chip W1 is connected to the negative electrode of D1 and then connected to one end of L1, the positive electrode of D1 is grounded, the other end of L1 is connected with VCC3V3 and then connected with the positive electrode of E2, the negative electrode of E2 is grounded, C7 is connected with E2 in parallel, the S electrode of Q1 is connected to one end of R8 and then connected with VCC3V3, the G electrode of Q1 is connected to the other end of R8 and then connected with one end of R9, the other end of R9 is connected with EN, the D electrode of Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of E3 and then connected with Vnb, and C8. The 1 pin of RS485 conversion chip UR is connected with one end of RR, the other end of RR is connected with JFRXD, the 2 pin, 3 pin, RR one end of RS485 conversion chip UR is connected with QR collector, the other end of RR is connected with VCC3V, QR base, RR and RR are connected, the other end of RR is grounded, QR emitter is grounded, the other end of RR is connected with RR and RR, one end of RR is connected with 4 pins of RS485 conversion chip UR, the other end of RR is connected with JFTXD, the other end of RR is connected with VCC3V, 5 pins of RS485 conversion chip UR are grounded, the 6 pin, AX and JF pin, RR and TVS of RS485 conversion chip UR are connected, the other end of RR is connected with 7 pins of RS485 conversion chip UR and then connected with BX, the other end of RR is connected with CR and one end of CR is connected with 8 pins of VCC3V and RS485 conversion chip. RR5 and TVS2 are connected in parallel, one end is connected with BX, the other end is grounded, pin 1 of JF is connected with BX, pin 2 is connected with AX, and pin 3 is grounded. The 1 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected in parallel with the 8 pins E1, E4 and C4, the 1 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with VCC3V3, the 8 pin is grounded, the 2 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with CE, the 3 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with SPI STE, the 4 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with SPI CLK, the 5 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with SPI MOSI, the 6 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with SPI CLK MISO, and the 7 pin of the RF module RF1 is connected with RIQ. One end of R24 is connected with SG ON, the other end is connected with the G pole of Q3, the S pole of Q3 is grounded, the D pole of Q3 is connected with one end of R25, the other end of R25 is connected with the G pole of Q6 and then connected with one end of R26, the S pole of Q6 is connected with the other end of R26 and then connected with VCC12V, the D pole of Q6 is connected with the negative pole of D3 and then connected with pin 1 of SGOUT, and the positive pole of D3 is grounded. GOUT has its 3 pins grounded. The 1 pin and the 2 pin of K1 are VCC3V3, the 4 pin is VCC12V, the 8 pin is AVCC12V and then is connected with the 1 pin of VOUT, the 9 pin of K1 is connected with the 2 pin of VUOT and then is connected with AGND, the 13 pin of K1 is grounded, the 15 pin of K1 is connected with the D pole of Q5, the S pole of Q5 is grounded, the G pole is connected with one end of R23, and the other end of R23 is connected with YG OFF. The 16 feet of K1 are connected to the D pole of Q4, the G pole of Q4 is grounded and connected to one end of R22, and the other end of R22 is connected to YGNO. The 3 pins of VOUT are connected with one end of R18, the other end of R18 is connected with R19, and the other end of R19 is grounded. YGOUT has its 1 pin AVCC12V 2 pin AGND 3 pin YG connected to one end of R21 and the other end of R21 connected to VCC3V 3. The 1 pin of JTAG is connected with the anode of D2, the cathode of D2 is connected with VCC3V3 and then connected with one end of R4, the other end of R4 is connected with REST, one end of SW1 and C1 which are connected in parallel is connected with REST, the other end is grounded, the 2 pin of JTAG is connected with SWDIO, the 3 pin of JTAG is connected with SWCLK, and the 4 pin of JTAG is grounded. Pin 1 and pin 6 of SIM1 are connected in parallel with C13, pin 1 is connected with SIMVCC, pin 6 is connected with SIMGND, pin 2 of SIM1 is connected to one end of SMRST reconnection C14 and R15, the other end of C14 is connected to the other end of R15 and is connected with SIMRST, pin 3 of IM1 is connected to one end of SMCLK reconnection C15 and R16, the other end of C15 is connected to the other end of R16 and is connected with SIMCLK, pin 4 of IM1 is connected to one end of SM D reconnection C16 and R17, and the other end of C16 is connected to R17 and is connected with SIM DATA. Pins 59 to 66, pins 71 to 74, pins 2, 43, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 81, 82, 83, 92, 93 and 94 of the NB module U3 are connected with the ground, pin 15 of the NB module U3 is connected with the RST and then connected with the D pole of Q2, the S pole of Q2 is connected with the G pole at one end of R12, and the other end of R12 is connected with RESET. The other end of the 29 pin of the NB module U3 is connected with the R10 of the R10, and the other end is connected with the RXD, and the other end of the 30 pin of the NB module U3 is connected with the R11 of the R11, and the other end is connected with the TXD. Pin 38 of NB module U3 is connected to SIM VCC, pin 39 of NB module U3 is connected to SIM RST, pin 40 of NB module U3 is connected to SIM DATA, pin 41 of NB module U3 is connected to SIM CLK, and pin 42 of NB module U3 is connected to SIM GND. 1, 9, 24, 36 and 48 of a singlechip U2 are connected to VCC3V3, 8, 23, 35 and 47 of a singlechip U2 are grounded, one parallel ends of C1, C2, C3, C9 and C17 are connected with VCC3V3, the other end of the singlechip U2 is grounded, a pin 2 of the singlechip U2 is connected to R3, the other end of R3 is connected with the cathode of an LED1, the anode of the LED1 is connected with VCC3V3, a pin 44 of the singlechip U2 is connected to one end of R20, and the other end of R20 is grounded. The control circuit comprises a singlechip U2 with a 7-pin REST, a singlechip U2 with a 10-pin ADC1, a singlechip U2 with a 11-pin ADC2, a singlechip U2 with a 12-pin JF TXD, a singlechip U2 with a 13-pin JF RXD, a singlechip U2 with a 14-pin CE, a singlechip U2 with a 15-pin SPI STE, a singlechip U2 with a 16-pin SPI CLK, a singlechip U2 with a 17-pin SPI MOSI, a singlechip U2 with a 18-pin SPI MISO, a singlechip U2 with a 19-pin IRQ, a singlechip U2 with a 39-pin SG ON, a singlechip U2 with a 40-pin YG, a singlechip U2 with a 41-pin YHQT, a singlechip U2 with a 42-pin TD, a singlechip U2 with a 43-pin RD, a singlechip U2 with a 45-pin YG OFF, a singlechip U589 with a 46-pin YG ON, a singlechip U2 with a pin RXD 56, a singlechip U2 with a pin Rx 22 and a singlechip U828653 with a singlechip U8653 with a pin RESET 8653.
The comprehensive environment monitoring system based on the NB-IOT cable well has the advantages that the design is reasonable, the structure is unique, the comprehensive environment monitoring system based on the NB-IOT cable well can monitor the temperature and the humidity of a cable, the water level water immersion state in the well, the displacement state of the well cover, the detection of combustible gas, the circulating current monitoring of a cable sheath and the real-time monitoring and acquisition of the partial discharge monitoring data of a cable joint, the running states of equipment and the environment can be timely and comprehensively known and mastered, various detection, monitoring, analysis and diagnosis methods are adopted, the environmental factors are considered in combination with the history and the current situation of the system, the running state of the equipment is evaluated, the monitored equipment is judged to be in a normal or abnormal state, the state data is displayed and recorded, the early warning is carried out on the abnormal state. Meanwhile, information and basic data can be provided for fault analysis, performance evaluation, reasonable use and safe work of the equipment; the system can carry out remote transmission with monitoring system's detected data and map, and the remote monitoring center of being convenient for carries out unified management to the operation conditions of being monitored equipment, rationally arranges the production maintenance plan. The high-frequency current sensor is mainly used for monitoring partial discharge of high-voltage cable equipment and adopts a pulse current principle. Due to the fact that most high-voltage cable equipment has distributed capacitance on the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side or the grounding part, when discharging occurs in a high field intensity area, the high-voltage cable equipment is coupled to the grounding part and enters the ground through the grounding wire. The sensor is clamped on the grounding wire, pulse current signals generated by partial discharge of the sensor are monitored, frequency bands are selected and bandwidth is controlled through the partial discharge monitoring host, interference signals are removed, and therefore effective partial discharge information of the detected equipment is obtained. The high-frequency current sensor is clamped on an XLPE cable grounding wire and is connected with a measurement loop through an electromagnetic coupling coil of the high-frequency current sensor to collect and extract a partial discharge pulse signal, the partial discharge monitoring host performs filtering, amplification and AD conversion by receiving the partial discharge pulse signal and sheath circulating current data detected by the sensor from a cable joint, then performs operation, analysis and processing on the converted digital signal, then stores and forwards the digital signal, finally transmits the digital signal to the communication terminal module through an AD-hoc network protocol and a MODBUS protocol, and then transmits the data to the monitoring background through NB-IOT.
The comprehensive environment monitoring system based on the NB-IOT cable well is based on an NB-IoT (narrow Band Internet of things) narrowband transmission communication technology and an LPWAN technology adopting LoRa (Long Range) standard, the system uses NB-IoT technology for communication and is applied to distribution network monitoring management, and the NB-IoT technology is excellent in performance in the aspects of coverage, power consumption, cost, link data and the like. Meanwhile, the long-distance communication technology of LPWAN in LoRa standard is adopted as supplement, the transmission distance is long, and the transmission distance between single repeaters can reach one kilometer. The environment temperature and humidity sensor, the water immersion sensor, the well lid displacement sensor and the grounding circulation sensor are in an ad hoc network 2.4G frequency band, the communication bandwidth is far superior to the existing advanced 433M frequency band scheme, and the ad hoc network protocol is matched to optimize the network protocol to the utmost, the sensor adopts the special technology to greatly reduce the power consumption of the RFID, the ultra-micro power consumption design is adopted, the average working current is lower than 10 microamperes, the self-power supply is realized, and the battery can be used for more than 5 years. The whole communication network is uploaded to a background cloud platform through an LPWAN remote communication technology based on the LoRa standard, and the reliability and the communication efficiency of a communication link can be guaranteed to the maximum extent. The sheath grounding circulation sensor leads the industry standard and refers to a Rogowski coil and low-power-consumption RFID ad hoc network 2.4G wireless communication mode, the waveform and amplitude of the sheath current of the cable are monitored, the measurement current range is large, the whole measurement current range is good in linearity, the measurement precision is high, and energy loss and heating which are caused by CT with an iron core do not exist. The partial discharge monitoring host machine, the high-frequency current sensor and the high-frequency current sensor are mainly used for monitoring partial discharge of high-voltage cable equipment and adopt a pulse current principle. Due to the fact that most high-voltage cable equipment has distributed capacitance on the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side or the grounding part, when discharging occurs in a high field intensity area, the high-voltage cable equipment is coupled to the grounding part and enters the ground through the grounding wire. The HFCT sensor is clamped on a grounding wire, a pulse current signal generated by partial discharge of the HFCT sensor is monitored, a frequency band is selected and the bandwidth is controlled through a partial discharge monitoring host, and an interference signal is removed, so that effective partial discharge information of the detected equipment is obtained. The high-frequency current sensor is connected with a measurement loop through a Rogowski coil with own advantages to collect and extract partial discharge pulse signals, and then the partial discharge pulse signals are filtered, amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion. The convenience, sensitivity and bandwidth range of the high-frequency detection method in the cable partial discharge signal acquisition can meet the partial discharge on-line detection requirement of the high-voltage cable, and the method is the most effective means. The partial discharge monitoring host carries out filtering, amplification and AD conversion by receiving a partial discharge pulse signal and sheath circulating current data detected by a sensor from a cable joint, then stores and forwards the converted digital signal after operation, analysis and processing, and finally transmits the digital signal to the NB-IOT communication terminal module through an AD hoc network protocol and an MODBUS protocol to send the data to a monitoring background. The whole project does not need wiring and network debugging, and all communication equipment can be used after being installed. And meanwhile, the number of network nodes can reach the scale of actual coverage. On the basis of realizing real-time monitoring on temperature, humidity, water immersion, smoke and displacement, harmful gas, grounding circulation and cable partial discharge, the miniature self-supporting sensor can also be used as an electronic tag, so that real-time asset management of power equipment is realized, and the repeated investment is reduced. Finally, a large-scale distribution network monitoring and management network is formed, all data are transmitted to a cloud background for maintenance, and a special data monitoring platform is not needed to be invested on site; and the distribution network implementation information can be mastered nearby or anytime and anywhere through the handheld terminal or the mobile phone APP. And an instant short message (through an NB short message) is sent to notify an operator on duty according to the fault type on site, so that the fault prediction and alarm of the cable well are timely, and the technical management is improved to a great extent.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a comprehensive environment monitoring system based on NB-IOT cable shaft which characterized in that: including RFID ground connection circulation sensor unit, RFID temperature sensor unit, RFID displacement sensor unit, RFID water logging sensor unit, harmful gas sensor unit, cable partial discharge monitoring host computer, audible-visual annunciator unit, NB-IOT communication terminal and control main website, RFID ground connection circulation sensor unit, RFID temperature sensor unit, RFID displacement sensor unit, RFID water logging sensor unit, harmful gas sensor unit, cable partial discharge monitoring host computer and audible-visual annunciator unit all with NB-IOT communication terminal electricity is connected, NB-IOT communication terminal and control main website communication connection.
2. The NB-IOT cable well-based integrated environmental monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the NB-IOT communication terminal comprises a single chip microcomputer U2, an NB module U3, a communication interface RF1 and a charging chip circuit, wherein the NB module U3, the communication interface RF1 and the charging chip circuit are all connected with the single chip microcomputer U2.
3. The NB-IOT cable well-based integrated environmental monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the charging chip circuit comprises a power chip W1, a charging chip W2 and a voltage double comparator U5, wherein the voltage double comparator U5 is respectively connected with the power chip W1 and the charging chip W2.
4. The NB-IOT cable well-based integrated environmental monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the communication interface RF1 is respectively and electrically connected with the RFID grounding circulation sensor unit, the RFID temperature sensor unit, the RFID displacement sensor unit, the RFID water sensor unit, the harmful gas sensor unit, the cable partial discharge monitoring host and the audible and visual alarm unit.
5. The NB-IOT cable well-based integrated environmental monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the circuit comprises an NB-IOT module U3A, an NB-IOT module U3B, an electrostatic and latch protection chip U4, a transistor Q2, a resistor R10, a resistor R11 and a resistor R12, wherein one end of the resistor R12 is connected with a twenty-sixth pin of the singlechip U2, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with a gate of the transistor Q2, a drain of the transistor Q2 is connected with a fifteenth pin of the singlechip U2, one ends of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R11 are respectively connected with a twenty-first pin and a twenty-second pin of the singlechip U2, and a thirty-eighth pin, a thirty-ninth pin, a forty-fourth pin and a forty-first pin of the singlechip U2 are respectively connected with a first pin, a sixth pin and a fifth pin of the electrostatic and latch protection chip U4.
6. The NB-IOT cable well-based integrated environmental monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the audible and visual alarm unit comprises a plug-in unit TJC3A, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a resistor R26, a diode D3, a transistor Q3 and a transistor Q6, wherein a first pin of the plug-in unit TJC3A and a cathode of the diode D3 are connected with a source electrode of a transistor Q6, a drain electrode of the transistor Q6 is connected with one end of a resistor R26, the other end of the resistor R26 and a gate electrode of the transistor Q6 are connected with one end of the resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected with a drain electrode of a transistor Q3, a gate electrode of the transistor Q3 is connected with a thirty-ninth pin of the singlechip U2 through a resistor R24, and a source electrode of the transistor Q3, an anode of the diode Q3 and a third pin of the plug-in unit TJC3A are all grounded.
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