CN111338000A - Sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area delineating method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for delineating a hot water enrichment area of a sandstone heat storage place. According to the method, based on the ancient sedimentary facies as a theoretical basis, a geological structure unit of a depression area and a swelling area of a basement rock in a sedimentary basin is found out, and then a region with loose sediment thickness of more than 1500m and gravel rock distribution is the distribution area of the ancient sedimentary facies ancient river channel. The ranges of 5000-20000 m (5000-10000 m on two sides of an upstream central axis and 10000-20000 m on two sides of a downstream central axis) on two sides of a central axis of the ancient river channel zone are sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment areas. Wherein, the shallow end of the gravels buries is the upstream of the ancient river channel zone, and the deep end of the gravels buries is the downstream. The method further reduces the target range of the sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area, saves the exploration cost of geophysical prospecting, drilling and the like with undefined exploration target area in the past, and improves the exploration efficiency of the sandstone heat storage geothermal water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a method for delineating a sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area.
Background
Geothermal resources are geothermal energy, geothermal fluids and their useful components inside the earth that can be economically utilized by humans. Currently available geothermal resources mainly include: the natural exposed hot spring, the shallow geothermal energy exploited by the heat pump technology, the geothermal fluid directly exploited by the artificial drilling and the geothermal resource in the dry hot rock mass.
The geothermal water belongs to geothermal fluid, can be applied to the fields of power generation, heating, bathing, medical care, leisure vacation, cultivation, agricultural greenhouse planting, irrigation and the like, drives the development of local economy, and has huge potential social, economic and environmental benefits.
Sandstone heat storage underground water is buried deeply, the aquifer in a certain burial depth range (mostly 1000-2000 m at present) of a sedimentary basin is mostly detected by means of geophysical prospecting, drilling and other exploration measures on the basis of analyzing regional geothermal geological data in the existing exploration technology, because the temperature gradient of the large sedimentary basin is generally about 3 ℃/100m, and the aquifer with the burial depth of 1000-2000 m can be detected to obtain the underground hot water with the temperature of 40-75 ℃.
Although sandstone heat reservoirs are widely distributed, geothermal water-rich zones are not ubiquitous, but rather are spread in a ribbon or broom fashion under certain construction conditions and deposition environments. Therefore, the distribution range of the geothermal water enrichment area is small, the exploration difficulty is high, and the existing exploration technology can really define a geothermal water relatively enrichment area by spending a large amount of exploration expenses such as geophysical prospecting and drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sandstone hot water storage geothermal water enrichment area delineation method, which is based on ancient sedimentary facies as a theoretical basis and can simply and quickly find out a favorable target area for sandstone hot water storage geothermal water enrichment by only researching and judging regional geological and hydrogeological data so as to solve the problems of high cost and low efficiency in the existing exploration technical method for searching geothermal water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method provided by the invention is based on the ancient sedimentary facies as a theory, and is characterized in that geological structure units of a down (concave) depression area and a up (convex) elevation area of a basement rock in a sedimentary basin are found out firstly, and then an area with loose sediment thickness of more than 1500m and gravel rock distribution is an ancient river channel zone distribution area of the ancient sedimentary facies. Distribution areas of 5000-20000 m (5000-10000 m on two sides of an upstream and 10000-20000 m on two sides of a downstream) on two sides of a central axis of the ancient river channel zone are favorable target areas for hot water enrichment of sandstone heat storage areas (one end of a gravel top plate, which is buried shallowly, is the upstream of the ancient river channel zone). According to the pumping test data, the single well water inflow of geothermal water in the area is obviously larger (more than 80 m)3H). Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, obtaining regional geological data in a selected sedimentary basin, and distinguishing a depression area and a swelling area of a basement rock;
(2) then finding out an area with the thickness of loose sediments below the surface of the earth being more than 1500m and the distribution of the gravel rocks, namely an ancient river channel zone distribution area of the ancient sedimentary facies; drawing a long axis of the region, namely the central axis of the ancient river channel zone, wherein the shallow end of the gravelly buried rock is an upstream end, and the deep end of the gravelly buried rock is a downstream end;
(3) the water-heating enrichment area of the sandstone heat storage place is formed by using 5000-20000 m (5000-10000 m on two upstream sides and 10000-20000 m on two downstream sides) on two sides of a central axis of the ancient river channel zone.
The regional geological data are generally directly obtained from geological exploration departments such as the existing petroleum, coal fields, land mines and the like, and a depression (concave) area, a upheaval (convex) area and a glutenite distribution area can be basically determined through the exploration data of the existing geological exploration departments such as the petroleum, the coal fields, the land mines and the like; and new geological result data in recent years can be collected, and the precision of the depression (concave) area, the upheaval (convex) area and the glutenite distribution area is improved.
The ancient river channel zone is formed at a depression part in front of a mountain developing a huge and thick loose sediment, and the depression part is compacted and drained under the stratum pressure of the huge and thick loose sediment and has a gravel rock distribution. The gravels buried depth is not less than 1000m, and the thickness is more than 50 m.
In addition, the ancient river channel is the flood area of ancient period, and 5000 ~ 10000m are mostly the flood area in upstream, and 10000 ~ 20000m scope in downstream is mostly the flood sector. The function of the glutenite is beneficial to the enrichment of underground water, and the thickness and the burial depth of the glutenite are judgment marks of the ancient river channel zone, the upstream and the downstream and the underground water flow direction. Generally, the closer to the central axis of the ancient river channel zone, the coarser the particles of the aquifer and the larger the thickness of the aquifer, the geothermal water storage space is provided, and the geothermal water enrichment area is formed. The shallow end of the gravelly buried rock is the upstream, and the deep end of the gravelly buried rock is the downstream.
The ancient river channel strip is used for storing a large amount of ancient river water with the burial depth exceeding 1000m, and meanwhile, lateral runoff supply of geothermal water in upstream and two side bulging (protruding) areas is received (as shown in a figure 1-2), so that sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment areas can be found within the ranges of 5000-10000 m on two sides of an upstream central axis of the ancient river channel strip and 10000-20000 m on two sides of a downstream central axis.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the prior exploration technology, for the technical personnel in the field, the invention can find the target area of the geothermal water enrichment only by studying and judging the regional geological and hydrogeological data, thereby saving the exploration cost of geophysical prospecting, drilling and the like with unclear exploration target area in the prior art and improving the exploration efficiency of the sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area.
The biggest innovation point of the method is that the target area is limited in the range of 5000-20000 m (5000-10000 m on two sides of an upstream central axis and 10000-20000 m on two sides of a downstream central axis) on two sides of a central axis of the ancient river channel belt in the depressed (concave) area, and the depth range is 1000-2000 m, so that the target range is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a hot water enrichment zone of a sandstone thermal storage site;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a hot water enrichment zone of a sandstone thermal reservoir;
in the figure: 1-depression (concave) area, 2-upheaval (convex) area, 3-earth surface, 4-loose sediment, 5-geothermal water evolution migration path, 6-ancient river channel central axis, 7-bedrock and 8-sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained in the following detailed description, so that the present invention can be more completely understood, and the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
The sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area is explained by combining the accompanying drawings of the specification, so that the invention can be more clearly expressed and is convenient to understand.
Example 1
A sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area delineation method comprises the following steps (see figure 1 and figure 2):
1. firstly, obtaining regional geological data in a selected sedimentary basin from geological exploration departments such as existing petroleum, coal fields, mines and the like, and distinguishing a depression (concave) region (1) and a upheaval (convex) region (2) geological structure unit of a basement rock (7) stratum;
2. then, a depression (concave) depression area (1) with the thickness of more than 1500m of loose sediments (4) below the earth surface (3) is found, the buried depth of a gravel top plate in the area is more than 1000m, and a distribution area with the thickness of more than 50m can be similar to a distribution area of an ancient river channel zone (6);
3. drawing a central axis of an ancient river channel zone from shallow to deep, taking one end of a gravel roof plate with shallow burial as an upstream, taking one end of the roof plate with deep burial as a downstream, wherein the range of 5000-10000 m on two sides of the central axis of the upstream and 10000-20000 m on two sides of the central axis of the downstream is a favorable target area of a sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area, namely a sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area distribution zone (8), and deducing an geothermal water evolution migration path (5), and the delineation method is simple and easy to master and particularly refers to fig. 1 and 2.
In order to further prove the effectiveness of the method of the invention, the applicant also provides the following application examples, in particular as follows:
example 2
The west, the south and the north of a certain area are bulge areas, and the bedrock top plate burial depth of the bulge areas is 1000-1500 m; the middle part is a depressed (concave) area, the thickness of the loose sediments is more than 1500m, and the gravels stratum with larger thickness is distributed. According to the condition of sandstone heat storage formation, the depression (depression) area has the condition of forming the ancient river channel zone, according to the method disclosed by the invention, theoretically, 5000-10000 m close to two sides of an upstream central axis of the ancient river channel zone, and the range of 10000-20000 m on two sides of a downstream central axis is a favorable target area for sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment, and geothermal water with strong water-rich property can be found.
The applicant carries out analysis and research according to on-site exploration and collection of a large amount of existing geothermal geological result data, and research proves that geothermal water enrichment distribution zones really exist at 5000-10000 m upstream of a central axis of an ancient river channel zone and 10000-20000 m at two sides of the central axis of the downstream river channel zone.
Further, in the area, the applicant collects 20 geothermal well drilling data with the depth of 1000-2000 m, and carries out statistical analysis on formation lithology, pumping test data and the like, wherein the statistical result is as follows: the water and heat are stored in the depth of 1000-1800 m, the burial depth of a gravel top plate is 1100-1600 m, the thickness of the gravel is 50-190 m, the water temperature is 50-85 ℃, and the water inflow of a single well is 80-120 m3And/h is a strong water-rich area.
For further verification, the applicant carries out statistical analysis on pumping test data of geothermal wells at the periphery of geothermal water enrichment distribution zones, and the water intake depth is 1000 ∞The thickness of the gravels of the geothermal wells with more than 10 holes in the range of 2000m is less than 50m, and the water inflow of a single well is generally less than 70m3And h is obviously less than the water inflow in the geothermal water enrichment zone.
In conclusion, geothermal water with strong water-rich property can be found in the range of 5000-20000 m (about 5000-10000 m on the upstream side and 10000-20000 m on the downstream side) on two sides of the central axis of the ancient river channel.
Example 3
The south and the north of a certain area are provided with a bulge area, and the bedrock top plate of the bulge area is buried by 1000-1500 m; and (3) a depression (concave) area is formed, the thickness of the loose sediments is more than 1500m, and a glutenite stratum with larger thickness is distributed. According to the condition of heat storage formation, the depression (depression) area has the condition of forming the ancient river channel zone, according to the method disclosed by the invention, theoretically, 5000-10000 m close to two sides of an upstream axis of the ancient river channel zone, and 10000-20000 m in width on two sides of a downstream axis are favorable target areas for sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment, and geothermal water with strong water-rich property can be found.
According to the research of the on-site investigation and the statistical analysis and research of the existing drilling water pumping test data, the research proves that geothermal water enrichment distribution zones really exist at the upstream of the central axis of the ancient river channel zone and at the two sides of the central axis of the ancient river channel zone, wherein the central axis of the ancient river channel zone is 5000-10000 m, and the central axis of the ancient river channel zone is 10000-20000 m.
Further, in the area, the applicant collects the drilling data of 30 geothermal wells with the depth of 1000-2000 m, and carries out statistical analysis on the formation lithology, the pumping test data and the like, wherein the statistical result is as follows: the water and heat are stored in the depth of 1000-1600 m, the burial depth of a gravel top plate is 1000-1400 m, the thickness of the gravel is 60-200 m, the water temperature is 53-62 ℃, and the water inflow of a single well is 80-120 m3And/h is a strong water-rich area.
For further verification, the applicant carries out statistical analysis on the pumping test data of the geothermal wells at the periphery of the geothermal water enrichment distribution zone, the water taking depth is more than 20 geothermal wells within the range of 1000-2000 m, the thickness of the conglomerate is less than 50m, and the water inflow rate of a single well is generally less than 70m3And h is obviously less than the water inflow in the geothermal water enrichment zone.
And the conclusion is that geothermal water with larger water inflow can be found at 5000-10000 m upstream of the central axis of the ancient river channel, 10000-20000 m on two sides of the downstream axis and 1000-2000 m in depth.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area delineation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, obtaining regional geological data in a selected sedimentary basin, and distinguishing a depression area and a swelling area of a basement rock;
(2) then finding out an area with the thickness of loose sediments below the surface of the earth being more than 1500m and the distribution of the gravel rocks, namely an ancient river channel zone distribution area of the ancient sedimentary facies; drawing a long axis of the region as a central axis of the ancient river channel zone, wherein the shallow end of the gravelly buried rock is an upstream end, and the deep end of the gravelly buried rock is a downstream end;
(3) and the water-heating enrichment areas of the sandstone heat storage geothermal water are arranged on two sides of the central axis of the ancient river channel zone within the range of 5000-20000 m.
2. The method for delineating the sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment region according to claim 1, wherein 5000-10000 m on the upstream two sides and 10000-20000 m on the downstream two sides of the central axis of the ancient river channel zone in the step (3) are sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment regions.
3. The method for delineating the hot water enrichment region of a sandstone heat storage area according to claim 1, wherein the gravelly buried depth of the step (2) is not less than 1000m, and the thickness is more than 50 m.
4. The method for defining the sandstone heat storage geothermal water enrichment area as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the regional geological data in the step (1) is directly obtained from the existing petroleum, coal field and geological exploration departments of the geological land and the mine.
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