CN111337935B - Underground inclined shaft excavation measuring method - Google Patents
Underground inclined shaft excavation measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111337935B CN111337935B CN202010187034.1A CN202010187034A CN111337935B CN 111337935 B CN111337935 B CN 111337935B CN 202010187034 A CN202010187034 A CN 202010187034A CN 111337935 B CN111337935 B CN 111337935B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100040708 Endothelial zinc finger protein induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000964728 Homo sapiens Endothelial zinc finger protein induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/02—Driving inclined tunnels or galleries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring excavation of an underground inclined shaft, which comprises the following steps: arranging a safe operation platform in the pre-dug inclined shaft; the two laser range finders are arranged on two sides of an oval polar axis of a horizontal section of the inclined shaft space in an axisymmetric manner by using a safe operation platform, and debugging is well performed; in the inclined shaft excavation process, a triangulation method of a space inclined shaft plane projection ellipse is used for carrying out positioning measurement control on the inclined shaft excavation outline. The invention can meet the requirement that the existing domestic inclined shaft construction technology tends to be obliquely lengthened, improves the safety, efficiency and quality of measurement to the maximum extent under the condition of meeting the functional requirement, and simultaneously achieves the aims of reducing the engineering scale, reducing the investment and improving the applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inclined shaft construction, and particularly relates to an underground inclined shaft excavation measuring method.
Background
The inclined shaft construction generally uses drilling blasting construction, and comprises two types of full-section excavation and reverse pilot shaft expanding excavation, in order to ensure that the excavation outline accords with the design and standard, the excavation outline needs to be positioned, measured and controlled, an underground cavern is limited by conditions, and engineering measurement in the cavern is basically carried out by using a total station. The inclined shaft is special in spatial position, a measurer is in the construction process, the total station is high in erection risk coefficient, low in observation precision when the elevation angle and the depression angle are large, large in observation difficulty, low in measurement efficiency, and high in safety risk when the measurer conducts measurement
At present, the construction technology of the domestic inclined shaft tends to be obliquely lengthened, and in order to reduce the construction scale, the inclined shaft arrangement inclination angle of underground excavation circular inclined shaft construction sites of water diversion engineering, highway tunnels, railway tunnels and the like, particularly the inclined shaft arrangement inclination angle of the water diversion tunnel of the domestic hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering reaches 64 degrees under the condition of meeting the functional requirements, and the inclined shaft inclination angle is larger and the distance is longer. The inclined shaft excavation measuring method is used as the most key measuring and positioning process of the underground cavern, and higher requirements are put forward on the safety, efficiency, quality and the like of measuring personnel. In order to better ensure the safety of personnel, improve the working efficiency, ensure the positioning lofting precision and effectively guide, correct and control the excavation process, a set of simple operation machine and method is necessary to be designed, so that the problems of low investment, high applicability and difficult positioning measurement of the excavation of the large-inclination underground inclined shaft are solved to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an underground inclined shaft excavation measuring method, which is used for meeting the requirement that the existing domestic inclined shaft construction technology tends to be obliquely lengthened, improving the safety, efficiency and quality of measurement to the maximum extent under the condition of meeting the functional requirement, and achieving the purposes of reducing the engineering scale, reducing the investment and improving the applicability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for measuring underground inclined shaft excavation comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a safe operation platform in the pre-dug inclined shaft;
step 2: the two laser range finders are arranged on two sides of an oval polar axis of a horizontal section of the inclined shaft space in an axisymmetric manner by using a safe operation platform, and debugging is well performed;
and step 3: in the inclined shaft excavation process, a triangulation method of a space inclined shaft plane projection ellipse is used for carrying out positioning measurement control on the inclined shaft excavation profile;
wherein the triangulation method comprises the steps of:
step 3.1: measuring two focuses (F1 and F2) of a plane projection ellipse of the spatial inclined shaft on an excavation surface of the inclined shaft by using laser projection of a laser distance meter;
step 3.2: arranging two positioning rods at two focuses (F1 and F2), taking an elliptical motion track of a motion point (P) of one mobile measuring rod and the two focuses (F1 and F2) on the same horizontal plane as a contour line to be excavated, and marking a lofting point on the wall of the inclined shaft according to the contour line to be excavated so as to control the excavation contour line;
step 3.3: carrying out blast hole drilling in the excavation outline range according to the blast hole drilling diagram;
the two foci (F1, F2) are obtained by calculating the focal length of the ellipse, the calculation formula of which is as follows: elliptical focal length 2OF 12 OF2, (OF1)2＝(OF2)2＝a2-b2(ii) a The OF1 is the distance from the center OF a circle (i.e., a slant well circle) OF a slant well excavation surface to F1, the OF2 is the distance from the center OF a circle OF a slant well excavation surface to F2, a is an ellipse major axis, a is R/COS β, β is a projection angle, b is an ellipse minor axis, b is R, and R is the radius OF the circle OF the slant well excavation surface.
Further, the motion point (P) satisfies the following requirements: (F1P)2＝(F2P)2＝(OF1)2+b2(ii) a F1P is the distance from F1 to P, F2P is the distance from F2 to P, OF1 is the distance from the center OF a circle where the inclined shaft excavation surface is located to F1, and b is the minor semi-axis OF the ellipse.
Furthermore, in the inclined shaft excavation process, the inclined shaft excavation mileage is measured by adopting a distance meter, and when the inclined shaft excavation mileage reaches the designed depth, the inclined shaft excavation task is stopped.
Furthermore, in the inclined shaft excavation process, whether the positioning guide laser line emitted by the laser range finder deviates or not is rechecked at regular time or irregular time until the inclined shaft excavation task is completed.
Furthermore, the checking of the positioning guide laser line adopts a hole control point, and a total station is utilized for determination.
Further, the laser range finder debugs the laser that jets out and is parallel to the central axis of inclined shaft.
Furthermore, the laser range finder is also used for measuring the circle center (O) of the circle where the inclined shaft excavation surface is located, the circle center (O) is the midpoint between the two laser range finders, and the calculation formula is as follows: LA LB b-x; and LA is equal to LB and is the distance from the two laser distance measuring instruments to the center (O), b is an ellipse minor semi-axis, b is equal to R, R is the radius of the circle where the inclined shaft excavation surface is located, and x is the distance between the laser distance measuring instruments and the vertex of the ellipse minor semi-axis.
Furthermore, the distances between the two laser range finders and the vertex of the short semi-axis of the side ellipse where the two laser range finders are located are equal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
compared with the traditional inclined shaft excavation measuring method, the method can meet the requirement that the existing domestic inclined shaft construction technology tends to be inclined to be long, improves the safety, efficiency and quality of measurement to the maximum extent under the condition of meeting the functional requirement, and achieves the aims of reducing the engineering scale, reducing the investment and improving the applicability to a high degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the security bridge of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the safety bridge of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the laser rangefinder installation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the projective transformation calculation parameters of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a first view of the positioning of the elliptical profile projection of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a simulation drawing of construction survey lofting according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a three-dimensional model of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a first schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a second schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a third schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a second view of the positioning of the elliptical profile projection of the present invention.
1-safe operation platform, 2-anchor rod, 3-laser range finder, 4-hole wall, 5-contour line to be excavated, 6-inclined shaft circle, 7-ellipse, 8-positioning rod, 9-motor measuring rod, 10-distance measuring rope, 11-laser, 12-inclined shaft excavation surface, 13-bamboo plywood, 14-I-steel bracket, 15-protective fence, 16-inclined shaft excavation surface
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The main using equipment and personnel comprise a safety bridge frame, a bilateral parallel infrared guide laser range finder, a horizontal pipe, a square, a measuring rod, a distance measuring rope 10, an auxiliary construction line, red paint, a marking pen, 1 measuring personnel, 1 constructor and 1 constructor.
The invention discloses a method for measuring underground inclined shaft excavation, which comprises the following steps:
detailed description is shown in the steps 1, after the excavation of the open cut tunnel is finished, the inclined shaft 16 is excavated to about 20m downward (pre-excavated inclined shaft), a hoisting device is used for installing a safety bridge, namely a safety operation platform 1, the open cut tunnel measurement control point is utilized, and a checked total station is used for installing a positioning instrument (a laser distance meter/an infrared guiding distance meter which are respectively used as laser projection points A, B); firstly, forming holes on two sides of a hole wall by using a safety platform and using air picks to be vertical to the hole wall to install a steel bar anchor rod 2, wherein the anchor rod 2 is firmly anchored by using an anchoring agent, and a laser range finder 3 is used for installing an instrument with a self-mounted support; then, a power supply is turned on, laser is debugged and emitted by adopting a principle that two points determine a straight line, and the distance LA and LB between the two points and the circle center are calculated on a horizontal axis while the laser 11 is parallel to the central axis of the inclined shaft.
Detailed diagrams of the steps 6 and 7 are shown, step 2, after the position is adjusted, a worker uses an excavation underground ladder to descend to an excavation working surface, the short axis of the ellipse 7 is determined by using a construction auxiliary line through bottom laser projection, two fixed points of the short axis are located on the same horizontal plane through a horizontal pipe, marking is carried out on two sides of a hole wall 4 through marking pen red paint, the center point of a circle (the center of the inclined shaft circle 6) is determined on the short axis through an infrared projection point, two vertexes of the long axis of the ellipse 7 are marked through a square and an auxiliary construction line in a same manner, and the focus of the ellipse F1 and the focus F2 are calculated and measured through the infrared laser projection point.
Detailed description is given to the figures 6-9, step 3, two positioning rods 8 are used to stand at focuses F1 and F2, one mobile measuring rod 9 is used for conducting the process, the mobile measuring rod 9 and the moving point P of the two focuses (F1 and F2) on the same horizontal plane are used for measuring and marking the contour line 5 to be excavated once every 0.5m, the lofting point position is marked on the wall of a hole for controlling the excavation contour, the blasting hole drilling is conducted in the excavation contour range according to the blasting hole drilling diagram, the excavation slant distance is directly measured and read by a distance meter for measuring the slant well mileage, the excavation is stopped when the design depth is reached through measurement, and the measurement task is completed.
Triangulation using a spatial slant well planar projection ellipse:
the length of a long semi-axis of the horizontal projection ellipse is R/COS beta, the length of a short semi-axis is R, and the length of the beta and the R can be measured by using a tool; elliptic focal length c2＝a2-b2；
Case (2): the diameter of the inclined shaft circle is 5.6m, the inclination angle is 64 degrees, and the inclined length of the inclined shaft is 150 m;
the major ellipse axis a is R/COS26 degree, 5.6/2 COS (90-64) degree, 3.115m, the minor ellipse axis b is R5.6/2, 2.8 m;
calculating the effective length of the measuring rope at the position of the point P at the vertex of the short half shaft
The effective length of the measuring rope is F2P + F1P 3.111 6.222 m.
I.e. defined in terms of the elliptical focal length: the track of the moving point P in the plane, which is equal to the constant 2a (2a > | F1F2|), is called ellipse, and the sum of the distances from the two fixed points F1 and F2 is equal to the constant 2 a. The length of the measuring rope is defined by an elliptical focal length, the length of the measuring rope is fixed at 6.222m, the moving point P moves from a long half shaft to a short half shaft, and an elliptical track is formed after the measuring rope rotates clockwise or anticlockwise for 360 degrees.
Two-sided laser is used for location ellipse semi-axis and center:
the position of LB-2.8-0.4-2.4 m, LA-2.4 m as the center of circle, the focal point is determined by short axis and circle, and then the horizontal tube, measuring rod and measuring rope are used to perform lofting or overbreak detection.
With reference to fig. 10 to 13, the operating device has the following principle:
1. infrared guiding distance measuring system
Two laser range finders are installed on two sides of a horizontal cross section of an inclined shaft space passing through a circle center horizontal line and used for underground excavation guiding and space slope distance measuring. The laser range finder is fixed on the wall of the hole by using an anchor rod.
2. Arranging debugging and deviation-rectifying safety channels, i.e. safety operation platform
3. Method for measuring ellipse and triangle by space circular slant range planar projection
1. The device and the method mainly comprise three parts, wherein the first part is a laser range finder; the second part is a top safety protection operating platform; and the third part is horizontal ellipse triangulation lofting of an excavation working surface, so that the measuring process time is shortened, and the measuring instrument and the personnel safety are protected.
2. Two laser range finders are anchored and mounted on two sides of the oval horizontal polar shaft on the side of the first part of the hole wall; the second part adopts two parallel I-beams, the two I-beams are connected and welded at equal intervals in the transverse direction by adopting threaded steel bars, a bamboo rubber plate 13 is laid on an I-beam bracket 14, guard railings 15 are arranged at two sides of the bamboo rubber plate, steel pipes are welded at the outer edge of each I-beam, the steel pipes are arranged at equal intervals, horizontal rods and sweeping steel are horizontally arranged at equal intervals, the height of each steel pipe is 1.2m, and the steel pipes are connected by adopting standard fasteners and are used as operating platforms for installation, debugging and deviation correction of measuring personnel; and the third part is used for projecting on the inclined shaft excavation surface 12 by using laser, respectively positioning at two focuses (F1 and F2) of an ellipse by using two positioning rods, enabling projected ellipse focuses F1, F2 and P to be on the same horizontal plane by using a horizontal pipe, wherein the P is a maneuvering point and is used for measuring and positioning the inclined shaft excavation profile, and the measuring line adopts an elastic small-engineering measuring line.
3. And checking and positioning the guide laser line at regular intervals, judging whether the guide laser line deviates from the design coordinate, and performing determination by using a total station by using a tunnel control point.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring underground inclined shaft excavation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: arranging a safe operation platform in the pre-dug inclined shaft;
and 2, step: the two laser range finders are arranged on two sides of an oval polar axis of a horizontal section of the inclined shaft space in an axisymmetric manner by using a safe operation platform, and debugging is well performed;
and step 3: in the inclined shaft excavation process, a triangulation method of a space inclined shaft plane projection ellipse is used for carrying out positioning measurement control on the inclined shaft excavation profile;
wherein the triangulation method comprises the steps of:
step 3.1: measuring two focuses (F1 and F2) of a plane projection ellipse of the spatial inclined shaft on an excavation surface of the inclined shaft by using laser projection of a laser distance meter;
step 3.2: arranging two positioning rods at two focuses (F1 and F2), taking an elliptical motion track of a motion point (P) of one mobile measuring rod and the two focuses (F1 and F2) on the same horizontal plane as a contour line to be excavated, and marking a lofting point on the wall of the inclined shaft according to the contour line to be excavated so as to control the excavation contour line; the motion point (P) meets the following requirements: (F1P)2＝（F2P）2＝（OF1）2+b2(ii) a F1P is the distance from F1 to P, F2P is the distance from F2 to P, OF1 is the distance from the center OF a circle where the inclined shaft excavation surface is located to F1, and b is the semi-minor axis OF an ellipse;
step 3.3: carrying out blast hole drilling in the excavation outline range;
the two foci (F1, F2) are obtained by calculating the focal length of the ellipse, the calculation formula of which is as follows: elliptical focal length 2OF 12 OF2, (OF1)2＝（OF2）2＝a2-b2(ii) a Wherein, OF1 is the distance from the center OF the circle OF the inclined shaft excavation surface to F1, OF2 is the distance from the center OF the circle OF the inclined shaft excavation surface to F2, a is the major semi-axis OF the ellipse, a is R/COS β, β is the projection angle, b is the minor semi-axis OF the ellipse, b is R, and R is the radius OF the circle OF the inclined shaft excavation surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein during the slant entry, a distance meter is used to measure the slant entry mileage, and when the slant entry mileage reaches a design depth, the slant entry task is stopped.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the deviation of the positioning guide laser line emitted by the laser range finder is checked at regular or irregular intervals during the slant well excavation process until the slant well excavation task is completed.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the re-verification of the positioning and guiding laser line is determined using a total station using a tunnel control point.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser range finder is adapted to emit laser light parallel to the central axis of the slant well.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser range finder is further configured to measure a center (O) of a circle of the excavated surface of the inclined shaft, the center (O) being a midpoint between the two laser range finders, and the calculation formula is as follows: LA LB b-x; and LA is equal to LB and is the distance from the two laser distance measuring instruments to the center (O), b is an ellipse minor semi-axis, b is equal to R, R is the radius of the circle where the inclined shaft excavation surface is located, and x is the distance between the laser distance measuring instruments and the vertex of the ellipse minor semi-axis.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the two laser range finders are equidistant from the vertex of the minor semi-axis of the ellipse to which they are respectively located.
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