CN111337274A - Detection method for predicting wet skid resistance of tire - Google Patents
Detection method for predicting wet skid resistance of tire Download PDFInfo
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- CN111337274A CN111337274A CN202010149436.2A CN202010149436A CN111337274A CN 111337274 A CN111337274 A CN 111337274A CN 202010149436 A CN202010149436 A CN 202010149436A CN 111337274 A CN111337274 A CN 111337274A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/02—Tyres
Abstract
The invention belongs to the application field of tire, rubber and other industries, and relates to a detection method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire by using a portable swinging friction coefficient tester (PSRT). The invention adopts a PSRT tester to detect the friction coefficients of different rubber formulas on the same test surface, thereby predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire. The method for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire by using the PSRT is a very simple, rapid and economic test method, can provide a better judgment basis for evaluating the wet skid resistance of a rubber formula in a laboratory, and can be indirectly used for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the application field of tire, rubber and other industries, and relates to a detection method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire by using a portable swinging friction coefficient tester (PSRT).
Background
The PSRT tester is a dynamic pendulum type impact machine, measures the energy loss when the edge of a rubber slide block slides over a test surface, and is mainly applied to the anti-skid test of various ground materials.
The wet skid resistance concerned by the tire labeling method is a key point and a difficult point of the rubber formula design. It is of course most accurate and straightforward to test tires directly mounted on a real vehicle, but this requires a great deal of effort and financial resources.
Generally, in a laboratory, a tire enterprise mainly uses a tan delta value of 0 ℃ to evaluate the wet skid resistance of a formula, but as the labeling method is implemented and the green color of a tire develops, white carbon black filler is increasingly used in a tire tread formula, and the evaluation of the wet skid resistance of the formula by using the tan delta value of 0 ℃ of vulcanized rubber is not comprehensive.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to detect the wet skid resistance of a rubber material formula by using PSRT and indirectly predict the wet skid resistance of a tire. The method for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire by using the PSRT is a very simple, rapid and economic test method, can provide a better judgment basis for evaluating the wet skid resistance of a rubber formula in a laboratory, and can be indirectly used for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a testing method for predicting the wet skid resistance of a tire adopts a PSRT tester to test the friction coefficients of different rubber formulas on the same testing surface so as to predict the wet skid resistance of the tire, and comprises the following steps:
1) mixing or rolling and homogenizing the rubber sample according to the requirements of an internal mixer/open mill; and vulcanizing the homogenized sample by adopting a mould pressing method: the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃, and the vulcanization time is 15 min; bonding the molded sample to a sliding metal block by using bonding glue, wherein the bonded sample is smooth and has no tension; placing the bonded sample for 12h at normal temperature under certain pressure;
2) adjusting the level and zero of the PSRT tester;
3) adjusting the sliding distance; float glass is placed in a front simulated pavement clamping groove, and a pendulum arm is freely suspended; the height is adjusted roughly by locking a knob to ensure that the edge of the sliding block just contacts the surface; firmly locking the swinging head and lifting the handle; the sliding block is lifted through the handle, and the pendulum bob moves rightwards; lowering the slider and then slowly moving the pendulum to the left until the edge of the slider contacts the surface; placing a scale beside the slider and parallel to the direction of oscillation to verify the length of the contact path; lifting the slider and moving the pendulum to the left, then slowly lowering until the slider edge falls again on the surface; if the length of the contact path is not between 124 and 127mm, then adjust by lowering or raising the front horizontal screw;
4) after the instrument is adjusted, the bonded test slide block is arranged at the head of the pendulum bob;
5) coarse grinding: placing float glass in a clamping groove of a simulated road surface, clamping P400 abrasive paper on a glass plate, adjusting the sliding distance by using a ruler, coarsely grinding for 20 times, and not recording a reading; checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, coarsely grinding for 20 times again, and not recording the reading; the width of the straightening friction inclined plane is more than 1mm and less than 4 mm;
6) fine grinding: taking down the P400 abrasive paper, and clamping the green polishing paper on float glass to enable the matte surface to be upward; the height of the pendulum bob is adjusted, and the sliding distance is adjusted by a scale; uniformly wetting the green polishing paper by using a spraying pot, finely grinding for 10 times, and not recording the reading; checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, finely grinding for 10 times again, and not recording the reading; when in fine grinding, water is sprayed on the green polishing paper every time, and the spraying frequency is based on that a complete water film can be formed on the polishing paper when the side surface is seen;
7) selecting a proper simulated pavement to be placed in the simulated pavement clamping groove;
8) the height of the pendulum bob is adjusted, and the sliding distance is adjusted by a scale; before each test, water needs to be uniformly sprayed on the simulated pavement, and a complete water film is formed;
9) and (3) testing: each sample is tested at least 8 times, no reading is recorded in the first 3 times, and the reading is recorded in the last 5 times, and the anti-skid value is accurate to 0.1; taking the median of the results of the last 5 times as a test result; and then the result is corrected for temperature.
As a further improvement, before the step 1) of die pressing, when a sample needs to be mixed or homogenized by a roller, the operation is carried out according to the relevant requirements of an internal mixer/open mill, the surface of the sample after die pressing needs to be smooth, and bubbles, cracks and impurities do not need to be removed; the molding time and temperature are set according to the requirement.
As a further improvement, when the test sample in the step 1) is bonded on the sliding metal block, the test sample is ensured to be flat and tension-free; the bonded sample needs to be placed for at least 12 hours at normal temperature, and if necessary, the sample can be placed under certain pressure after being bonded with the sliding metal block, so that the bonded sample cannot fall off during testing.
As a further improvement, the step 2) of instrument leveling: adjusting and rotating the horizontal knob until the air bubble in the horizontal detector is centered, thereby accurately leveling the instrument; zero setting of an instrument: loosening the locking knob, rotating any one of a pair of up-and-down moving knobs at the center of the tester, separating the sliding block from the testing surface, and then firmly screwing the locking knob; placing the pendulum at a release position, then rotating the drag pointer counterclockwise until it rests on an adjusting screw on the pendulum, releasing the pendulum and taking care to read the pointer reading; if the reading is not zero, loosening the locking knob and slightly rotating the friction ring on the main shaft of the bearing, and then locking again; the test is repeated and the friction ring is adjusted until the pointer points to zero.
As a further improvement, step 3) described above, the contact path length was 126mm, and if necessary, the level of the instrument was readjusted.
As a further improvement, said step 5) of the pendulum always grabs the pendulum in the early phase of the return stroke, lifting the slider and lifting the handle while returning the pendulum to its starting position, in order to prevent the slider from coming into contact with the test surface. Before each swing, the pointer is returned until it abuts the swing arm hammer.
As a further improvement, the step 7) adopts the original Pavigres tile of the instrument as a simulated pavement.
As a further improvement, the step 9) temperature correction is as follows:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can simply and quickly test the wet skid resistance value of the rubber material formula rubber under the laboratory condition, has higher measurement precision, and can provide reliable basis for the rubber material formula and the tire development design.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the solutions of the prior art, the instrument (PSRT) will be briefly described below, with the same reference numbers representing the same components.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the swing friction coefficient measuring instrument.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the back structure of the swing friction coefficient measuring instrument.
FIG. 3 is a graph of dimensions of a molded sample preparation.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-cavity mold structure.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a scale pointer; 2. a level detector; 3. simulating a road surface groove; 4. a horizontal adjusting knob;
5. a horizontal adjusting knob; 6. a pendulum retraction button; 7. a pendulum bob; 8. a friction ring; 9. a horizontal adjusting knob; 10. a knob is moved up and down; 11 locking the knob.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be understood more fully by the description of the embodiments given herein, but the specific embodiments given by the applicant should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by any variations in the definition of the apparatus parts or the test methods or variations in the overall structure, rather than essential variations, will be understood.
The invention provides a method for predicting the formula of a rubber material and the wet skid resistance of a tire, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing or rolling and homogenizing the rubber sample according to the relevant requirements of an internal mixer/open mill. And vulcanizing the homogenized sample by adopting a mould pressing method: the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃, and the vulcanization time is 15 min. The molded sample is bonded to the sliding metal block by using bonding glue, and the bonded sample is ensured to be flat and free of tension. And (3) placing the bonded sample for 12 hours at normal temperature under certain pressure.
Step 3, zero setting of the PSRT tester: the locking knob is tightened by loosening the locking knob (directly behind the pendulum pivot) and rotating either of a pair of up and down moving knobs in the center of the tester to disengage the slide from the test surface. The pendulum is placed in the release position and then the pointer is dragged by rotating it counterclockwise until it rests on the adjustment screw on the pendulum, releasing the pendulum and taking care to read the pointer reading. If the reading is not zero, the locking knob is released and the friction ring on the bearing spindle is slightly rotated and then locked again. The test is repeated and the friction ring is adjusted until the pointer points to zero.
Step 4, adjusting the sliding distance: float glass is placed in a clamping groove of a front simulated pavement, and a pendulum arm is freely suspended. The height is adjusted roughly by locking the knob to a position where the edge of the slider just touches the surface. The swinging head is firmly locked, and the handle is lifted. The slider is lifted by the handle, and the pendulum bob moves rightwards. Lowering the slide then slowly moves the pendulum to the left until the edge of the slide contacts the surface. A scale was placed beside the slider and parallel to the direction of oscillation to verify the length of the contact path. The slider is raised and the pendulum is moved to the left and then slowly lowered until the slider edge again falls on the surface. If the length of the contact path is not between 124 and 127mm, it is adjusted by lowering or raising the front horizontal screw.
And 5, after the instrument is adjusted, mounting the bonded test slide block on the head of the pendulum bob.
Step 6, coarse grinding: placing float glass in a clamping groove of a simulated road surface, clamping P400 abrasive paper on a glass plate, adjusting the sliding distance by using a ruler, coarsely grinding for 20 times, and not recording a reading; checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, coarsely grinding for 20 times again, and not recording the reading; the width of the straightening friction inclined plane is more than 1mm and less than 4 mm.
Step 7, fine grinding: taking down the P400 abrasive paper, and clamping the green polishing paper on float glass to enable the matte surface to be upward; the height of the pendulum bob is adjusted, and the sliding distance is adjusted by a scale; the green polishing paper was uniformly wetted with water using a watering can, finely ground for 10 times, and no reading was recorded. Checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, finely grinding for 10 times again, and not recording the reading. When in fine grinding, water is sprayed on the green polishing paper every time, and the spraying frequency is based on that a complete water film can be formed on the polishing paper when the side surface is seen.
And 8, placing the Pavigres ceramic tile originally matched with the instrument and the instrument as a simulated pavement in the simulated pavement clamping groove.
TABLE 1
Example 1
The anti-wet-skid performance of 3 tread formulations is tested by using PSRT, and the tire is manufactured to be tested by a real vehicle.
The 3 tread formulations are shown in table 2 below (phr):
the four formulas are mixed in an internal mixer, and the four formulas are mixed by the same process, and the four formulas are as follows:
rotor speed: 40 rpm; initial temperature: 60 ℃; filling factor: 0.7;
all rubber was added at 0 second; adding the filler and all the fine materials at 60 seconds;
the softening oil is added when the temperature of the internal mixer rises to 95 ℃.
The temperature of the internal mixer rises to 130 ℃, and the upper top bolt rises and falls to clean.
The temperature of the formula A internal mixer rises to 155 ℃, and rubber is discharged.
When the temperature of the BC formula internal mixer rises to 140 ℃, the temperature is kept at 145 ℃ by adjusting the rotating speed of a rotor of the internal mixer, the silanization reaction is carried out for 80 seconds, and the rubber is discharged.
The rubber compound is placed in an internal mixer for vulcanization after being placed for 6 hours, and 3 formulas are vulcanized by using the same process, which is specifically as follows.
The rotor speed is 30 rpm; initial temperature: 60 ℃; filling factor: 0.7.
and adding the mixed rubber material when the second is reached, lowering the top plug, and mixing for 20 seconds.
Lifting the top plug, turning the rubber, lowering the top plug, mixing, heating to 100 ℃, and discharging the rubber.
According to the testing steps of the invention, a PSRT tester is used for carrying out the anti-wet-skid test on 3 vulcanized rubbers with the formula, and the testing results are as follows:
3 formulations were tested using a dynamic thermomechanical analyzer DMA, test conditions: 7% strain, 0.25% dynamic strain, 2 ℃/min of heating rate and 20Hz of testing frequency. The test results were as follows:
3 tread formula rubbers are used for manufacturing tires, and except for different tread formulas, construction tables and other construction conditions of the tires are the same. The tires of 3 tread formulations were tested for wet skid index according to ECE R117 tire code and the results are as follows:
and (3) calculating a correlation coefficient by using a data analysis tool in ECXEL, wherein the correlation coefficient between the wet-skid resistance test result of the PSRT test and the wet-skid resistance index test result of a tire real vehicle can reach 0.96. The correlation analysis is also carried out on the tan delta of the DMA data at 0 ℃ and the test result of the tire real vehicle wet skid resistance index, and the correlation coefficient is 0.79.
As can be seen from the test results of the present example, it is not comprehensive to evaluate the wet skid resistance of the formulation by using the tan delta value of the vulcanized rubber at 0 ℃, and it is feasible and more accurate to predict the wet skid resistance of the tire by using the PSRT.
Example 2
Evaluation analysis was performed on three different styrene-butadiene rubbers of korean LG product 3626 (unmodified styrene-butadiene rubber), F3626E (single-terminal modified styrene-butadiene rubber), and M3626E (double-terminal modified styrene-butadiene rubber), and the evaluation formulations were as follows:
the 3 styrene butadiene rubber microstructures (styrene, vinyl content) were identical, except for the degree of modification. The different degrees of modification lead to different wet skid resistance. According to product data and theoretical analysis, the higher the modification degree, the better the wet skid resistance.
The D, E, F formulation was processed using the same mixing and vulcanizing conditions as in example 1.
According to the testing steps of the invention, a PSRT tester is used for carrying out the anti-wet-skid test on 3 vulcanized rubbers with the formula, and the testing results are as follows:
the test results of the embodiment show that the wet skid resistance of different raw materials can be evaluated simply and rapidly by using the PSRT, and a better judgment basis is provided for the development of tire formulas.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A detection method for predicting the wet skid resistance of a tire is characterized in that a PSRT tester is adopted to detect the friction coefficients of different rubber formulas on the same test surface so as to predict the wet skid resistance of the tire, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing or rolling and homogenizing the rubber sample according to the requirements of an internal mixer/open mill; and vulcanizing the homogenized sample by adopting a mould pressing method: the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃, and the vulcanization time is 15 min; bonding the molded sample to a sliding metal block by using bonding glue, wherein the bonded sample is smooth and has no tension; placing the bonded sample for 12h at normal temperature under certain pressure;
2) adjusting the level and zero of the PSRT tester;
3) adjusting the sliding distance; float glass is placed in a front simulated pavement clamping groove, and a pendulum arm is freely suspended; the height is adjusted roughly by locking a knob to ensure that the edge of the sliding block just contacts the surface; firmly locking the swinging head and lifting the handle; the sliding block is lifted through the handle, and the pendulum bob moves rightwards; lowering the slider and then slowly moving the pendulum to the left until the edge of the slider contacts the surface; placing a scale beside the slider and parallel to the direction of oscillation to verify the length of the contact path; lifting the slider and moving the pendulum to the left, then slowly lowering until the slider edge falls again on the surface; if the length of the contact path is not between 124 and 127mm, then adjust by lowering or raising the front horizontal screw;
4) after the instrument is adjusted, the bonded test slide block is arranged at the head of the pendulum bob;
5) coarse grinding: placing float glass in a clamping groove of a simulated road surface, clamping P400 abrasive paper on a glass plate, adjusting the sliding distance by using a ruler, performing coarse grinding according to the wear resistance of a rubber material, and not recording a reading; checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, coarsely grinding again, and not recording the reading; the width of the straightening friction inclined plane is more than 1mm and less than 4 mm;
6) fine grinding: taking down the P400 abrasive paper, and clamping the green polishing paper on float glass to enable the matte surface to be upward; the height of the pendulum bob is adjusted, and the sliding distance is adjusted by a scale; uniformly wetting the green polishing paper by using a spraying pot, finely grinding according to the wear resistance of the rubber material, and not recording the reading; checking the sliding distance, adjusting the sliding distance to be within a specified range, finely grinding again, and not recording the reading; when in fine grinding, water is sprayed on the green polishing paper every time, and the spraying frequency is based on that a complete water film can be formed on the polishing paper when the side surface is seen;
7) selecting a proper simulated pavement to be placed in the simulated pavement clamping groove;
8) the height of the pendulum bob is adjusted, and the sliding distance is adjusted by a scale; before each test, water needs to be uniformly sprayed on the simulated pavement, and a complete water film is formed;
9) and (3) testing: each sample is tested at least 8 times, no reading is recorded in the first 3 times, and the reading is recorded in the last 5 times, and the anti-skid value is accurate to 0.1; taking the median of the results of the last 5 times as a test result; and then the result is corrected for temperature.
2. The testing method for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the molded sample in the step 1) is required to be flat and free from bubbles, cracks and impurities; the molding time and temperature are set according to the requirement.
3. The testing method for predicting the wet skid resistance of the tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the test sample is adhered to the sliding metal block in the step 1), the test sample is ensured to be flat and tension-free; the bonded sample needs to be placed for at least 12 hours at normal temperature, and if necessary, the sample can be placed under certain pressure after being bonded with the sliding metal block, so that the bonded sample cannot fall off during testing.
4. The test method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 2) instrument level adjustment: and adjusting and rotating the horizontal knob until the air bubble in the level detector is centered, thereby accurately leveling the instrument.
5. The testing method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 2) instrument zero-setting: loosening the locking knob, rotating any one of a pair of up-and-down moving knobs at the center of the tester, separating the sliding block from the testing surface, and then firmly screwing the locking knob; placing the pendulum at a release position, then rotating the drag pointer counterclockwise until it rests on an adjusting screw on the pendulum, releasing the pendulum and taking care to read the pointer reading; if the reading is not zero, loosening the locking knob and slightly rotating the friction ring on the main shaft of the bearing, and then locking again; the test is repeated and the friction ring is adjusted until the pointer points to zero.
6. The testing method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 3) contact path length 126mm, if necessary, please readjust the level of the apparatus.
7. A test method to predict wet skid resistance of a tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 5) the pendulum always grabs the pendulum early in the return stroke, while returning the pendulum to its starting position, lifting the slider and lifting the handle to prevent the slider from contacting the test surface, before each stroke the hand should return until it abuts the swing arm hammer.
8. The testing method for predicting wet skid resistance of a tire according to claim 1, wherein step 7) uses instrumented Pavigres tiles as a simulated road surface.
9. The test method for predicting the wet skid resistance of a tire according to claim 1, wherein the temperature correction of step 9) is as follows:
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| CN114235610A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-25 | 中策橡胶集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring wear resistance of rubber composition and computer readable carrier medium |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |
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