CN111337009A - Ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on SAGNAC principle - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on SAGNAC principle Download PDFInfo
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- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
- G01C19/725—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers using nxn optical couplers, e.g. 3x3 couplers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle. The device comprises a light source, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a sample probe, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter and a balance detector; light from a light source firstly passes through a first polarization controller and a circulator and is divided into two paths with different lengths through a first non-polarization coupler, wherein one path is CW light along the clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light along the counterclockwise direction; the method comprises the steps that the two polarization controllers and the included angle of the slow axis of the polarization beam splitter are controlled to realize the modulation of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state of interference light and form two beams of differential interference signals with equal intensity, and the balance detector realizes the balance detection of the differential interference signals; compared with the prior art, the method for realizing non-contact ultrasonic detection by utilizing the SAGNAC effect has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, small volume, high sensitivity and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle.
Technical Field
When the sound wave interacts with the substance, the sound velocity and the energy of the sound wave change, and some basic physical parameters of the substance can be determined through measuring the sound velocity and the attenuation of the sound wave. This is an ultrasonic testing technique, which is one of the basic methods for studying the structure and properties of substances and has been successfully used in many fields. The conventional ultrasonic generation and reception methods are methods using an ultrasonic ring energy device such as a piezoelectric transducer, a CMUT transducer, and these methods are contact type measurement methods. Currently, the conventional contact transducer is increasingly replaced by a non-contact optical method, including an interference method, a beam deflection method, and the like. Due to the continuous improvement of optical technology, research on the aspect is also rapidly developing, and new detection technologies including optical fiber sensing technology are continuously generated. The optical fiber sensor is an emerging ultrasonic sensing device, and is widely applied due to the advantages of small volume, light weight, strong environmental adaptability, strong reliability, easy transmission of detection signals, good confidentiality and the like. However, the use of fiber optic sensors for ultrasonic testing, especially non-contact testing, has been relatively rare, especially in domestic applications. The optical fiber sensing technology is combined with the non-contact ultrasonic detection technology, and the method has wide prospects in the aspects of ultrasonic detection and flaw detection of materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle, which adopts the basic principle of an SAGNAC interferometer, the vibration of the surface of a sample can bring the change of optical path difference, and the ultrasonic wave on the surface of the sample is detected by using interference signals formed by the change of the optical path difference caused by the difference of the time that CW light and CCW light successively reach the surface of the sample. The core of the invention is that two polarization controllers and a polarization beam splitter are utilized to realize the modulation of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state of interference light to form a differential interference signal which enters a balanced detector, thereby improving the detection sensitivity, and the specific content is as follows:
an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a sample probe, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter and a balance detector;
modulating and forming the interference light of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state by controlling the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller;
the light source, the first polarization controller and the circulator are sequentially connected, one port of the circulator is sequentially connected with the polarization beam splitter and the balance detector, the other port of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the overlong optical fiber ring, the other output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the second polarization controller, and the output end of the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the sample probe.
In a further improvement, the light from the light source first passes through the first polarization controller and the circulator, and then passes through the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler to be divided into two paths with different lengths, wherein one path is CW light in a clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light in a counterclockwise direction.
A further improvement is that the light source employs a broad spectrum SLED light source with low coherence.
In a further improvement, the CW light and the CCW light pass through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler and the sample probe to reach the ultrasound sample, and the return light re-enters the sample probe and returns to the optical fiber path.
In a further improvement, the return light of the CW light and the CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler again, so that the incident light and the return light are isolated.
The further improvement is that the interference light of the pi/2 initial phase and the orthogonal polarization state forms two differential interference signals with equal intensity after passing through the polarization beam splitter and enters the balanced detector.
A further improvement is that all fibers and fiber devices other than the polarizing beam splitter are unpolarized.
The further improvement is that the sample probe adopts a structure of a collimator and a lens to focus a sample, and an optical signal carrying ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample is returned to an optical fiber light path.
In a further improvement, the polarization beam splitter adopts three optical fibers with polarization maintaining interfaces.
The further improvement is that the specific process of modulating the interference light forming pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state is as follows: the initial phase difference and the polarization plane of CW light and CCW light are adjusted by adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, so that the working state of pi/2, in which the initial phase and the polarization plane are orthogonal, is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: all the optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are all in a non-polarization type, so that the cost is reduced; compared with the traditional method for carrying out pi/2 phase offset through a phase modulator, the scheme of the invention is more convenient and has good control effect; compared with the traditional method of keeping the orthogonal or parallel of the interference light by utilizing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the scheme of the invention also realizes the same effect by adopting two polarization controllers and is easy to adjust; compared with single-ended signal detection, the method for detecting the differential interference signal by using the balanced detector has better detection sensitivity.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the entire fiber optic optical path system of the device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a loop portion of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an analysis diagram when the optical path difference between CW light and CCW light is within a half wavelength range;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of frequency selective effect analysis of an interferometric system;
FIG. 5 is an analysis diagram of an interference signal divided into two paths after passing through a polarization beam splitter;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing that xy coordinate axes formed by the stress principal axis of the polarization maintaining fiber and the o light and the e light of the PBS crystal are coincident, and the included angle of the slow axis of the port of the polarization maintaining fiber is rotated so that the fast axis and the slow axis and two orthogonal polarization directions form an included angle of 45 degrees or 135 degrees;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a sample probe, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter and a balance detector;
modulating and forming the interference light of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state by controlling the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller;
the light source, the first polarization controller and the circulator are sequentially connected, one port of the circulator is sequentially connected with the polarization beam splitter and the balance detector, the other port of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the overlong optical fiber ring, the other output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the second polarization controller, and the output end of the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the sample probe.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, light from the light source is first passed through the first polarization controller and the circulator, and then passed through the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler to be divided into two paths with different lengths, wherein one path is CW light in the clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light in the counterclockwise direction.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the light source adopts a wide-spectrum SLED light source with low coherence.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the CW light and the CCW light reach an ultrasonic sample through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler and the sample probe, and the return light enters the sample probe again and returns to the optical path of the optical fiber.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the return light of the CW light and the CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler again, so that the isolation of the incident light and the return light is realized.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the interference light of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state forms two differential interference signals with equal intensity after passing through the polarization beam splitter and enters the balanced detector.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, all other optical fibers and optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are in a non-polarized mode.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the sample probe adopts a structure of a collimator and a lens to focus a sample, and an optical signal carrying ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample is returned to an optical fiber light path.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the polarization beam splitter adopts three optical fibers with polarization maintaining interfaces.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle, the specific process of modulating and forming the interference light with pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state includes: the initial phase difference and the polarization plane of CW light and CCW light are adjusted by adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, so that the working state of pi/2, in which the initial phase and the polarization plane are orthogonal, is realized.
As shown in FIG. 1, the light source of the system adopts a 1550nmSLED broadband low-coherence light source to avoid interference of coherent noise. Light from the light source first passes through the first polarization controller PC1, then passes through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler BS1, and if the CW light goes first the upper path in fig. 1, the CW light will pass through a long optical fiber, the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler BS2, the sample probe, then return to the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler BS2, then go the next path, and enter the circulator through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler BS1, and the CCW light is also similar: the lower path is taken first and the upper path is taken when returning, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 5, since most of the optical paths taken by the CW light and the CCW light are identical, only when the CW light and the CCW light pass through the second polarization controller PC2 due to the birefringence effect while passing through the second polarization controller PC2, the polarization planes of the CW light and the CCW light are changed differently, and the additional optical paths are also different. With the difference in optical path length added by the CW light and the CCW light, the second polarization controller PC2 is adjusted so that the initial phase difference is pi/2. At the moment, the polarization planes of the CW light and the CCW light are also rotated, and the slow axis included angle between the first polarization controller PC1 and the polarization beam splitter PBS is adjusted, so that the CW light and the CCW light are in an orthogonal polarization state and are decomposed into two paths of differential interference signals with phase differences of +/-pi/2 after passing through the polarization beam splitter PBS.
The specific adjusting process is as follows: the initial phase difference and the polarization plane of CW light and CCW light are adjusted by adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, so that the working state of pi/2, in which the initial phase and the polarization plane are orthogonal, is realized. In this case, the interference efficiency is almost 0 without adding the polarizing beam splitter PBS. Due to the orthogonal polarization directions, after the polarization beam splitter PBS is added, the included angle of the slow axis at the input end of the polarization beam splitter PBS is adjusted, so that the fast axis at the input end of the polarization beam splitter PBS and the polarization directions of the CW light and the CCW light form an included angle of 45 ° (135 °), respectively, as shown in fig. 6. At the moment, the original non-interference is changed into two paths of differential interference signals with the maximum interference efficiency.
The principle of the invention is as follows: wherein λ is the wavelength, c is the wave velocity of the light,
for phase difference, Delta L is the length difference of the long and short arms of the optical fiber, and Delta tau is the time delay of the long and short arms;
consider the oscillation of the sample:
time delay of the long arm and the short arm of the SAGNAC interferometer:
optical path difference corresponding to delay:
maximum sensitivity conditions:
an appropriate operating point should have maximum sensitivity at zero signal of the system, i.e. no vibration of the sample. When the sample has no signal, because the optical path difference of the two paths of light is the same, and delta phi is equal to 0, the system works at the position with the maximum interference at the moment, and according to the property of the cosine function, the derivative of the point is0, i.e. work in the least sensitive places. To improve the sensitivity of the quiescent operating point, an initial phase difference should be imparted when no signal is present in the sample
Phase continuation condition: as shown in fig. 3:
if the non-linearity is considered, only ω needs to be consideredAΔ τ operates within half a wavelength range to avoid the phenomenon of phase folding. However, since the nonlinearity causes signal distortion, an inverse operation is required to be performed on the measured signal to recover the oscillation signal of the sample.
The conditions for ensuring phase continuity are:
frequency selective effect of SAGNAC interferometer:
from the previous derivation, it can be seen that the nature of the SAGNAC interferometer is a velocity interferometer, i.e., the oscillation is differentiated. The differentiator has the effect of low pass filtering, but in practice SAGNAC interferometric systems are not a strict differentiator, and due to the limited sensitivity of the system, the time difference between the two beams reaching the sample surface cannot be made infinitesimally small. This non-ideal differential effect results in a frequency selective effect for the SAGNAC interferometer, most sensitive at some frequencies and least sensitive at others. As in the case depicted in fig. 4, when Δ τ ═ pi/ωAThe interferometer is the most sensitive; when [ Delta ] tau is 2 pi/omegaAThe interferometer is the least sensitive. When the first beam of light (CCW light) arrives at time t1, the second beam of light (CW light) passes through Δ τ ═ pi/ωAWhen the signal arrives later, the interference signal is also a sine signal, and the intensity of the signal is maximum at the moment; when the first beam of light (CCW) arrives at time t2, the second beam of light (CW) arrives at Δ τ 2 π/ωAAt the time of late arrival, there is no signal, corresponding to ωAThe signal of/2 is filtered out.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balance detection based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, a sample probe, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter and a balance detector;
modulating and forming the interference light of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state by controlling the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller;
the light source, the first polarization controller and the circulator are sequentially connected, one port of the circulator is sequentially connected with the polarization beam splitter and the balance detector, the other port of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the overlong optical fiber ring, the other output port of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler through the second polarization controller, and the output end of the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is connected with the sample probe.
2. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle of claim 1, wherein: the light from the light source firstly passes through the first polarization controller and the circulator and then is divided into two paths with different lengths by the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, wherein one path is CW light along the clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light along the counterclockwise direction.
3. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source is a wide spectrum SLED light source with low coherence.
4. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle of claim 2, wherein the CW light and the CCW light pass through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler and the sample probe to reach the ultrasonic sample, and the return light enters the sample probe return optical fiber path again.
5. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the return light of CW light and CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler again, so as to realize the isolation of the incident light and the return light.
6. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interference light of pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state forms two differential interference signals with equal intensity entering the balanced detector after passing through the polarization beam splitter.
7. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein all other optical fibers and optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are unpolarized.
8. The ultrasonic measurement device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample probe focuses the sample by using a collimator plus lens structure, and realizes the return of the optical signal carrying the ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample to the optical fiber path.
9. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle of claim 1, wherein said polarization beam splitter uses three optical fibers with polarization maintaining interfaces.
10. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing differential balanced detection based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific process of modulating the interference light forming pi/2 initial phase and orthogonal polarization state is as follows: the initial phase difference and the polarization plane of CW light and CCW light are adjusted by adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller, so that the working state of pi/2, in which the initial phase and the polarization plane are orthogonal, is realized.
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| PCT/CN2020/106206 WO2021212687A1 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-31 | Ultrasonic measurement device for realizing differential balance detection on basis of sagnac principle |
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| CN113048968A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-06-29 | 中山大学 | Polarization state control system and method of non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer |
| WO2021212687A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 中山大学 | Ultrasonic measurement device for realizing differential balance detection on basis of sagnac principle |
| CN114353778A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中山大学 | Method and device for realizing pi/2 initial phase locking in non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac type interferometer |
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| CN115166062A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-11 | 天津大学 | All-optical ultrasonic detector based on differential interference and detection method |
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| CN113048968A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-06-29 | 中山大学 | Polarization state control system and method of non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer |
| CN113048968B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中山大学 | Polarization state control system and method of non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer |
| CN114353778A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-04-15 | 中山大学 | Method and device for realizing pi/2 initial phase locking in non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac type interferometer |
| CN114353778B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-29 | 中山大学 | Method and device for realizing pi/2 initial phase locking in non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac type interferometer |
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| WO2021212687A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
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