CN111335884A - Bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method - Google Patents
Bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111335884A CN111335884A CN202010142437.4A CN202010142437A CN111335884A CN 111335884 A CN111335884 A CN 111335884A CN 202010142437 A CN202010142437 A CN 202010142437A CN 111335884 A CN111335884 A CN 111335884A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/08—Casing joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1085—Wear protectors; Blast joints; Hard facing
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- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method, which comprises the following steps: calculating the limit transmission depth of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal; dividing the adjacent well casing into an upper adjacent well casing and a lower adjacent well casing by adopting an insulating casing joint; connecting and fixing the four-core armored cable with an upper adjacent well casing and a lower adjacent well casing; respectively connecting the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module and a ground signal transmitting module; an insulated drill rod joint is adopted to divide a drill rod into an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod; installing a bottom hole measuring module and a signal receiving and transmitting module in an insulated drill rod joint; the ground signal receiving and processing module, the ground signal transmitting module, the bottom hole measuring module and the signal receiving and transmitting module are used for realizing signal uploading and downloading. The invention has the beneficial effects that: electromagnetic signal transmission is not influenced by well drilling sleeve pipe, has more practicality than relay transmission, and effectively promotes two-way electromagnetism and follows the measuring signal transmission depth along with the drilling, reduction in production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control, in particular to a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method.
Background
The electromagnetic measurement while drilling adopts low-frequency electromagnetic signals to transmit data, the signal transmission is not influenced by the properties of the drilling fluid, and the method can be suitable for conventional drilling fluids, air, foams and other drilling circulating media and has wide application prospect in the field of directional drilling of petroleum and geological mines. Bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling is one of the developing directions of electromagnetic measurement while drilling. On one hand, the bidirectional electromagnetic while-drilling signal uploading system can transmit engineering parameters measured at the bottom of the well to the ground from the bottom of the well so as to assist an engineer to master the working condition of the bottom of the well in real time; on the other hand, the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal downloading system can transmit decision instructions of engineers from the ground to the bottom of the well, so that the working state of underground instruments is controlled, and accurate directional drilling is realized.
However, the transmission of electromagnetic signals in the formation gradually attenuates, so that the transmission depth of the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal is limited, and particularly in a low-resistivity formation, the transmission depth of the signal is severely attenuated. Generally, the transmission depth of a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal is about 3000 meters, and the requirement of directional drilling of deep wells and ultra-deep wells cannot be met. Due to the shielding effect of the sleeve, the relay cannot effectively improve the transmission depth. Therefore, the improvement of the transmission depth of the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal is an important research target in the field of directional drilling of petroleum and geological mines at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method.
The invention provides a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method, which comprises the following steps:
s101: determining the limit transmission depth of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal according to field experience;
s102: dividing the adjacent well casing into an upper adjacent well casing and a lower adjacent well casing by adopting an insulating casing joint;
s103: connecting and fixing a four-core armored cable with the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing; respectively connecting the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module and a ground signal transmitting module;
s104: an insulated drill rod joint is adopted to divide a drill rod into an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod; installing a bottom hole measuring module and a bottom hole signal transceiving module inside an insulated drill rod joint;
s105: and the upper adjacent well casing, the lower adjacent well casing, the upper drill rod, the lower drill rod, the ground signal receiving and processing module, the ground signal transmitting module, the bottom hole measuring module and the bottom hole signal receiving and transmitting module are utilized to realize the uploading and the downloading of electromagnetic measurement while drilling signals.
Further, in step S102, the depth of the insulation sleeve joint is x meters greater than the limit transmission depth, where x is a value range of [ a, b ] meters, a and b are preset values, and 0< a < b.
Further, step S103 specifically includes:
s201: connecting two sub-cores of a four-core armored cable to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing, connecting the other two sub-cores to the top end of the lower adjacent well casing, putting the four-core armored cable and the adjacent well casing into an adjacent well, and cementing the well;
s202: and respectively connecting one sub-core connected to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing and the top end of the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module, and connecting the other two sub-cores with a ground signal transmitting module.
Further, in step S104: the distance between the insulating drill rod joint and the drill bit is y meters; wherein the value range of y is [ c, d ] m, c and d are preset values, and c is more than 0 and less than d.
Further, in step S105, the uploading of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal specifically includes:
when the signal is uploaded, the bottom hole measuring module measures bottom hole engineering parameters and transmits the bottom hole engineering parameters to the bottom hole transceiver module; the bottom-hole transceiver module carries out coding modulation and D/A conversion processing on the bottom-hole engineering parameters and then transmits the processed bottom-hole engineering parameters in the form of electromagnetic signals; the ground signal receiving and processing module detects the potential difference between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint through the four-core armored cable sub-core, and carries out filtering and decoding to obtain the processed bottom hole engineering parameters and finish the uploading of electromagnetic measurement while drilling signals;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) downloading an electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal:
when the signal is transmitted, the ground signal transmitting module applies a downlink instruction between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint in a sinusoidal voltage signal mode, and then transmits the downlink instruction in an electromagnetic wave mode; and the bottom-hole transceiver module detects the potential difference between the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod at two ends of the insulated drill rod joint, and performs filtering and decoding to obtain a downloading instruction and complete the downloading of the electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal.
Further, the uploading and issuing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal both comprise two modes: respectively, intermittent and difference frequency.
Further, the batch mode specifically includes: when the signal is uploaded, the signal downloading is stopped; when the signal is downloaded, the signal uploading is stopped; the difference frequency formula specifically includes: the signal uploading and the signal downloading are carried out simultaneously, but different signal transmitting frequencies are selected when the signals are uploaded and the signals are downloaded.
Furthermore, the insulating sleeve joint body is a common sleeve, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the common sleeve, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the common sleeve.
Furthermore, the insulating drill rod joint body is a common drill rod, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the insulating drill rod joint body, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the insulating drill rod joint body.
The distance between the adjacent well and the well being drilled is z meters; wherein the value range of z is [ e, f ] m, both e and f are preset values, and 0< e < f.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the electromagnetic signal transmission is not influenced by a casing pipe of the well drilling, has higher practicability than relay transmission, and can effectively improve the transmission depth of the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal; the method is also suitable for cluster well drilling, and can serve multiple wells by adopting one adjacent well casing, so that the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission assisting method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission assisting structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a flow chart of a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method, which specifically includes:
s101: determining the limit transmission depth of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal according to field experience;
s102: dividing the adjacent well casing into an upper adjacent well casing and a lower adjacent well casing by adopting an insulating casing joint;
s103: connecting and fixing a four-core armored cable with the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing; respectively connecting the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module and a ground signal transmitting module;
s104: an insulated drill rod joint is adopted to divide a drill rod into an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod; installing a bottom hole measuring module and a bottom hole signal transceiving module inside an insulated drill rod joint;
s105: and the upper adjacent well casing, the lower adjacent well casing, the upper drill rod, the lower drill rod, the ground signal receiving and processing module, the ground signal transmitting module, the bottom hole measuring module and the bottom hole signal receiving and transmitting module are utilized to realize the uploading and the downloading of electromagnetic signals.
Further, in step S102, the depth of the insulation sleeve joint is greater than the limit transport depth [500,2000] m.
Step S103 specifically includes:
s201: connecting two sub-cores of a four-core armored cable to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing, connecting the other two sub-cores to the top end of the lower adjacent well casing, putting the four-core armored cable and the adjacent well casing into an adjacent well, and cementing the well;
s202: and respectively connecting one sub-core connected to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing and the top end of the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module, and connecting the other two sub-cores with a ground signal transmitting module.
In step S104: the distance between the insulated drill rod joint and the drill bit is [5,100] m.
Further, step S105 specifically includes:
when the signal is uploaded, the bottom hole measuring module measures bottom hole engineering parameters and transmits the bottom hole engineering parameters to the bottom hole transceiver module; the bottom-hole transceiver module performs code modulation and D/A conversion on the signals and then transmits the signals in the form of electromagnetic signals; the ground signal receiving and processing module detects the potential difference between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint through the four-core armored cable sub-core, and carries out filtering and decoding to obtain engineering parameters measured at the bottom of the well;
when the signal is downloaded, the ground signal transmitting module applies a downloading instruction between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint in a sinusoidal voltage signal mode, and then the downloading instruction is transmitted in an electromagnetic wave mode; and the bottom-hole transceiver module detects the potential difference between the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod at two ends of the insulated drill rod joint, and performs filtering and decoding to obtain a downloading instruction.
The signal uploading and the signal downloading comprise two modes, namely an intermittent mode and a difference frequency mode.
The intermittent type specifically comprises the following steps: when the signal is uploaded, the signal downloading is stopped; when the signal is downloaded, the signal uploading is stopped; the difference frequency formula specifically includes: the signal uploading and the signal downloading are carried out simultaneously, but different signal transmitting frequencies are selected when the signal is uploaded and when the signal is downloaded
The insulating sleeve joint body is a common sleeve, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the common sleeve, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the common sleeve.
The insulating drill rod joint body is a common drill rod, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the common drill rod, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the common drill rod joint body.
The distance between the adjacent well and the well being drilled is 3,200 meters.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting structure according to the present invention;
in fig. 2: 1-a drill bit; 2-lower drill pipe; 3-a downhole measurement module; 4-a downhole transceiver module; 5-insulating drill pipe joints; 6-upper drill pipe; 7-lower adjacent well casing; 8-insulating sleeve joint; 9-upper adjacent well casing; 10-a quad armored cable; 11-a ground signal transmitting module; 12-a ground signal receiving and processing module; 13/14/15/16-quad armored cable sub-cores.
Example 1: the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission assisting method is applied to electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling, and the limit transmission depth of the electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling in the block is determined according to field experience; the insulating sleeve joint 8 divides the adjacent well sleeve into a lower adjacent well sleeve 7 and an upper adjacent well sleeve 9, the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the insulating sleeve joint are all coated with flexible wear-resistant ceramics, and the depth of the insulating sleeve joint 8 is 1000m greater than the limit transmission depth; connecting a sub-core 13 and a sub-core 14 of a four-core armored cable 10 to the upper end of a lower adjacent well casing, connecting a sub-core 15 and a sub-core 16 to the lower end of an upper adjacent well casing, descending the four-core armored cable 10 into an adjacent well along with the adjacent well casing and cementing the well, connecting the sub-core 13 and the sub-core 15 with a ground signal receiving and processing module 12, and connecting the sub-core 14 and the sub-core 16 with a ground signal transmitting module 11; the distance between an adjacent well and a drilling well is 100m, the insulating drill rod joint 5 divides the drill rod into a lower drill rod 2 and an upper drill rod 6, the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the insulating drill rod joint are coated with flexible wear-resistant ceramics, the distance between the insulating drill rod joint 5 and the drill bit 1 is 10m, the bottom hole measuring module 3 and the bottom hole transceiver module 4 are arranged inside the insulating drill rod joint 5, and the bottom hole measuring module 3 is arranged at the lower part of the bottom hole transceiver module 4; the signal uploading and the signal downloading adopt a difference frequency working mode, the signal uploading frequency is 5Hz, and the signal downloading frequency is 10 Hz.
Example 2: the invention relates to a bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method which is applied to electromagnetic measurement while drilling, the structure of the bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting structure is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that an intermittent working mode is adopted for signal uploading and signal downloading, when the signal is uploaded, a bottom hole measuring module 3 measures engineering parameters, a bottom hole transceiver module 4 transmits a signal, a ground signal receiving and processing module 12 works, and a ground signal transmitting module 11 stops transmitting the signal; when the signal is downloaded, the ground signal receiving module 12 stops working, the ground signal transmitting module 11 transmits the signal, and the bottom-hole transceiver module 4 receives the signal.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A bidirectional electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal transmission assisting method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: determining the limit transmission depth of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal according to field experience;
s102: dividing the adjacent well casing into an upper adjacent well casing and a lower adjacent well casing by adopting an insulating casing joint;
s103: connecting and fixing a four-core armored cable with the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing; respectively connecting the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module and a ground signal transmitting module;
s104: an insulated drill rod joint is adopted to divide a drill rod into an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod; installing a bottom hole measuring module and a bottom hole signal transceiving module inside an insulated drill rod joint;
s105: and the upper adjacent well casing, the lower adjacent well casing, the upper drill rod, the lower drill rod, the ground signal receiving and processing module, the ground signal transmitting module, the bottom hole measuring module and the bottom hole signal receiving and transmitting module are utilized to realize the uploading and the downloading of electromagnetic measurement while drilling signals.
2. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: in step S102, the depth of the insulating sleeve joint is x meters greater than the limit transmission depth, where x is a value range of [ a, b ] m, a and b are preset values, and 0< a < b.
3. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: step S103 specifically includes:
s201: connecting two sub-cores of a four-core armored cable to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing, connecting the other two sub-cores to the top end of the lower adjacent well casing, putting the four-core armored cable and the adjacent well casing into an adjacent well, and cementing the well;
s202: and respectively connecting one sub-core connected to the bottom end of the upper adjacent well casing and the top end of the lower adjacent well casing with a ground signal receiving and processing module, and connecting the other two sub-cores with a ground signal transmitting module.
4. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: in step S104: the distance between the insulating drill rod joint and the drill bit is y meters; wherein the value range of y is [ c, d ] m, c and d are preset values, and c is more than 0 and less than d.
5. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S105, the uploading of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal specifically includes:
when the signal is uploaded, the bottom hole measuring module measures bottom hole engineering parameters and transmits the bottom hole engineering parameters to the bottom hole transceiver module; the bottom-hole transceiver module carries out coding modulation and D/A conversion processing on the bottom-hole engineering parameters and then transmits the processed bottom-hole engineering parameters in the form of electromagnetic signals; the ground signal receiving and processing module detects the potential difference between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint through the four-core armored cable sub-core, and carries out filtering and decoding to obtain the processed bottom hole engineering parameters and finish the uploading of electromagnetic measurement while drilling signals;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) downloading an electromagnetic measurement while drilling signal:
when the signal is transmitted, the ground signal transmitting module applies a downlink instruction between the upper adjacent well casing and the lower adjacent well casing at two ends of the insulating casing joint in a sinusoidal voltage signal mode, and then transmits the downlink instruction in an electromagnetic wave mode; and the bottom-hole transceiver module detects the potential difference between the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod at two ends of the insulated drill rod joint, and performs filtering and decoding to obtain a downloading instruction and complete the downloading of the electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal.
6. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: the uploading and issuing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling signals comprise two modes: respectively, intermittent and difference frequency.
7. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 6, wherein: the intermittent type specifically comprises the following steps: when the signal is uploaded, the signal downloading is stopped; when the signal is downloaded, the signal uploading is stopped; the difference frequency formula specifically includes: the signal uploading and the signal downloading are carried out simultaneously, but different signal transmitting frequencies are selected when the signals are uploaded and the signals are downloaded.
8. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: the insulating sleeve joint body is a common sleeve, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the common sleeve, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the common sleeve.
9. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: the insulating drill rod joint body is a common drill rod, a male buckle and a female buckle are respectively processed at two ends of the common drill rod, and flexible wear-resistant ceramic layers are sprayed on the thread surface, the inner surface and the outer surface of the common drill rod joint body.
10. The method for transmitting measurement-while-drilling signals in two directions according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the adjacent well and the well being drilled is z meters; wherein the value range of z is [ e, f ] m, both e and f are preset values, and 0< e < f.
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