CN111335636B - 3D construction method of net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure - Google Patents
3D construction method of net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111335636B CN111335636B CN202010247647.XA CN202010247647A CN111335636B CN 111335636 B CN111335636 B CN 111335636B CN 202010247647 A CN202010247647 A CN 202010247647A CN 111335636 B CN111335636 B CN 111335636B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/166—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with curved surfaces, at least partially cast in situ in order to make a continuous concrete shell structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D construction method of a net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure, and belongs to the technical field of 3D construction methods. The invention comprises the following construction steps: step one, designing a scheme; step two, establishing a curved surface model; step three, 3D printing concrete configuration; printing a concrete curved surface support body; installing a positioning pin key and a support rib; step six, assembling and weaving a bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh; printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body; step eight, grouping and weaving an upper bidirectional fiber reinforcing mesh; printing and molding the concrete body with the curved surface at the upper part; step ten, sealing edges and closing the noodles. The 3D construction method of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure provided by the invention can meet the construction of a curved surface shell roof, does not need formwork support, saves manpower, material resources and material resources, is safe and reliable in construction, has higher precision control, and meets the development trend of green intelligent construction and the industrialization requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reinforced concrete 3D construction space curved roof structure and a method, and belongs to the technical field of 3D construction methods of curved roofs.
Background
At present, the expression technique in the field of building design is to reconstruct a special-shaped roof from a flat roof to a sloping roof, and particularly, a curved roof with a flowing water model is increasingly applied to the modeling of the building roof, such as a light steel structure, a membrane structure, a concrete structure and the like. The concrete adopted to construct the roof has the advantages of good heat insulation performance and integrity, but has the defect of relatively high construction difficulty. Because the geometric characteristics of the curved surface are relatively complex, the construction of the cast-in-place concrete curved surface has the difficulties of template lofting, molding, assembling and supporting. Similarly, the single-curvature or double-curvature of the curved surface causes a plurality of difficulties in curve modeling, curve lofting processing, binding installation and connection construction in reinforcing steel bar construction. In the aspect of concrete pouring, in view of the streamline of the curved surface and a larger tangential gradient, unexpected difficulties are brought to concrete distribution, pouring, vibrating, construction and maintenance.
In the prior art, the 3D printed concrete has the advantages that the 3D printed concrete does not need a template and is suitable for complex changes of building modeling body types. 3D prints the advantage that has intelligent manufacturing, and its limitation lies in that 3D prints and need dispose the reinforcing bar conflict each other in traditional reinforced concrete structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a 3D construction method of a net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure, and solves the problem that reinforcing steel bars need to be configured in a 3D printing and traditional reinforced concrete structure to conflict with each other.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: A3D construction method of a reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure adopts 3D printing of a concrete support body to form a structural bottom plate and the support body, then adopts an intelligent reinforcement arrangement method, namely adopts a manipulator and a digital model information control mode to manufacture a reinforcement mesh, weaves and constructs longitudinal and latitudinal bidirectional fiber reinforcements at the bottom of the framework to form a bidirectional curved reinforcement mesh; then 3D printing is adopted to form bottom curved surface concrete; then arranging upper longitudinal and latitudinal bidirectional fiber reinforced bars; then, forming upper curved surface concrete by adopting 3D printed concrete; finally, the concrete curved surface roof containing the ribs is formed.
Further, the 3D construction method of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure comprises the following construction steps:
step one, designing a scheme; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out contour recognition according to a design drawing; determining a bus, a pole and a grid; splitting the curved surface, and determining a layered boundary and an intersection area; 3D printing concrete configuration and testing; material property and weaving procedure of the mesh reinforcement.
Step two, establishing a curved surface model; establishing a model according to REVIT (building information model software), simulating and checking conflict of the combination of the whole curved surface and the layered curved surface, optimizing networking and weaving processes of the mesh reinforcing steel bars, determining reasonable positions of the positioning pin keys and the supporting ribs, and optimizing conflict checking of printing processes, trends, printing thickness layers and working time.
Step three, 3D printing concrete configuration; according to the structural performance requirements, the strength of the 3D printed concrete is determined, the working performance, the extrusion performance, the rheological performance, the forming performance and the mechanical performance parameters of the 3D printed concrete are tested, and the reasonable printing direction, the printing stroke, the printing thickness, the laminating thickness, the duration and the interval time are determined.
Printing a concrete curved surface support body; printing is carried out by adopting a Z-shaped or S-shaped path, the direction from the low end to the high end is symmetrical and pushed in from two sides, and an intersection region is arranged at the position of a curved surface inflection point; the printing thickness is 15-20mm, and the printing head is a rectangular nozzle with a wide kiss notch and is suitable for the streamline trend of the reticular rib; the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min; the printing curved surface support body 7d can achieve a supporting effect and meet the construction requirements of subsequent procedures.
Installing a positioning pin key and a support rib; when the concrete curved surface support body is printed, positioning keys and supporting ribs are arranged at equal intervals within the range of 300mm of the periphery of the curved surface and within the range of 300mm of the bandwidth of a ridge line, and tensioning positioning keys are erected for the subsequent assembly and weaving of the bidirectional fiber reinforced bar mesh.
Step six, assembling and weaving a bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh; after the strength of the concrete curved surface support body meets the requirement, namely the minimum strength of the 3D printing concrete maintained under the same condition is not lower than 50MPa, carrying out networking, weaving and installing on the bidirectional reinforcing mesh; the distance of the networking meets the design requirement, the distance in the latitude direction is 200-250mm, and the distance in the longitude direction is 250-300 mm; the networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction.
Printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body; after the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is installed, carrying out surface conformity rechecking in the mesh size, the space, the interlayer position, the longitude direction and the latitude direction, carrying out concealed acceptance and recording, and carrying out printing construction on a bottom curved surface concrete body after the requirements are met; the layered printing thickness is 10-20mm, the printing width is 1-1.1 times of the space between the fiber mesh reinforcement grids, and the printing head is a wide kiss strip concave gap and is suitable for the streamline trend of the mesh ribs; the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interval time between printing layers is not more than 90 min.
Step eight, grouping and weaving an upper bidirectional fiber reinforcing mesh; when the strength of the bottom curved surface concrete body reaches 75% of the designed strength and is not lower than 50MPa, networking the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced steel bars; the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets meets the design requirement, the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets in the latitude direction is 200-250mm, and the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets in the longitude direction is 250-300 mm; the networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction; and the networking steel bars adopt the positioning pin keys and the supporting ribs to correct the curved surface conformity.
Printing and molding the concrete body with the curved surface at the upper part; after the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is concealed and accepted, printing construction of an upper curved surface concrete body is carried out, the upper curved surface concrete body is printed, and the printed elevation is controlled by positioning ribs arranged on the curved surface; the printing layering thickness is 10-15mm, the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 150mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min.
Step ten, sealing edges and closing the noodles; the edge sealing is to carry out interactive treatment on the pin key and the periphery, the surface closing is to maintain and repair general quality defects in printing, and cement mortar with the same proportion is adopted for repairing.
The reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure sequentially comprises a 3D printed concrete curved support body, a bottom longitudinal direction and latitudinal direction bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh, a 3D printed and formed bottom curved concrete body, an upper longitudinal direction and latitudinal direction bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh and a 3D printed and formed upper curved concrete body from bottom to top, and further comprises a positioning pin key for auxiliary construction measures and supporting mesh reinforcing steel bars. The 3D printing concrete curved surface supporting body is a single-curved surface or double-curved surface concrete shell.
Further, the third step of 3D printing concrete configuration comprises the steps of supporting body 3D printing concrete, bottom curved surface 3D printing concrete and upper curved surface 3D printing concrete, wherein the concrete is required to have a compressive minimum strength not lower than 80MPa, a tensile strength not lower than 8.7MPa, a minimum strength corresponding to curing under the same condition for 7D not lower than 50MPa, and a tensile strength not lower than 5.5 MPa.
Further, the concrete curved surface support is printed, the width of a printing nozzle is 1-2 times of the size of a mesh of the steel bar in the latitude or longitude direction, and the mesh of the steel bar is not less than 200 mm; the printing intersection area is arranged at the inflection point of the curved surface, namely the highest roof base line is positioned between the range of 300mm at the lowest position 1/3-1/4, the printing layering thickness error is not more than (-2mm, +2mm), and the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
Further, in the fifth step, a positioning pin key and a support rib are installed; the positioning pin key adopts an end reinforcing bar with an anchoring end, HPB300 reinforcing bars with the diameter not less than 20mm, the distance is 200-300mm, the bottom part is inserted into a concrete body not less than 50mm, the exposed length is not less than 500mm, a section of anchoring plate or anchoring head with the anchoring end is exposed, and a screw thread and a fixing ring are arranged in the middle; the fixed ribs or the supporting ribs are ladder-shaped ribs, the positions of the woven reinforcing mesh are fixed, and the elevation of the reinforcing mesh is adjusted.
Further, in the sixth step, the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh and the bidirectional reinforced mesh are assembled and woven, fiber reinforced steel bars or prestressed galvanized steel wires are adopted, the tensile strength is not lower than 1350MPa, and the tensile rate is not lower than 30%.
And further, printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body, adopting the 3D printing concrete doped with fibers, wherein the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8MPa, the printing layering thickness error is not more than (-5mm, +2mm), and the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
And step eight, organizing and weaving the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced bar mesh, wherein the interval error of the networking steel bars is not more than (-5mm, +5mm), the grid size deviation is +/-6 mm, the node height difference is +/-5 mm, and the node position deviation is +/-5 mm, and a laser level and a theodolite are adopted for point checking.
Further, printing and forming the upper curved surface concrete body, adopting the 3D printing concrete doped with fibers, wherein the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8MPa, the printing layering thickness error is not more than (-2mm, +2mm), the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5mm, and after printing is finished, adopting spraying and covering film for curing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical principle and the idea of the invention are that a curved concrete roof is split into 3 layers of curved surfaces through longitude and latitude bidirectional flexible reinforcing bars, and the curved concrete roof is constructed through 3D intelligent printing. The warp and weft bidirectional flexible reinforcing bars solve the difficult problems of lofting, processing, binding installation and connecting and anchoring of the large-diameter hot-rolled reinforced concrete steel bars; the 3D intelligent printing construction of the curved surface is realized, and the technical problems of interlayer combination, complex curved surface modeling, template, reinforcing steel bar and concrete construction are solved through the model building of the revit 3D. In particular to the technical problems of template lofting, molding, processing, installation, supporting and the like in the construction of curved templates. Meanwhile, the technical problems of large gradient and large elevation angle of curved concrete, material distribution, pouring, vibration, molding and the like in concrete construction are solved.
Compared with the existing curved surface roof construction technology, the invention does not need complex template splicing, processing and installation, does not need a support system of a high-support mold, saves a great deal of process cost of hot-rolled steel bar processing, bending forming, hoisting, connecting, supporting and the like, saves the expense of building construction measures, safety, environmental protection and the like, saves a great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources, is safe and reliable in construction, is environment-friendly, and greatly improves the working efficiency. The 3D construction method of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure accords with the industrialized construction modes of digital construction and green construction, and the environmental and ecological benefits are obvious.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a 3D construction method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the netted reinforced concrete curved roof structure;
FIG. 3 is a plan arrangement view of the curved surface grid ribs of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure of the present invention.
In the figure, a concrete support is printed in 1-3D; 2-bottom bidirectional curved surface reinforcing mesh; 3-bottom curved concrete; 4-upper bidirectional curved surface reinforcing mesh; 5-upper curved concrete; 6-positioning pin key; 7-support rib.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Techniques, methods and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a 3D construction method of a net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure, which adopts the following technical scheme: 3D printing a concrete support body to form a structural bottom plate and the support body; then weaving bidirectional fiber reinforcements in the longitude direction and the latitude direction at the bottom of the framework by adopting an intelligent reinforcement arrangement method to form a bidirectional curved surface reinforcement mesh; forming bottom curved surface concrete by adopting 3D printing; arranging upper longitudinal and latitudinal bidirectional fiber reinforced bars; forming upper curved surface concrete by adopting 3D printed concrete; finally, the concrete curved surface roof containing the ribs is formed.
The utility model provides a netted reinforced concrete curved surface roofing structure which the structural feature is: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially printing a concrete curved surface support body 1 in a 3D mode, a bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh 2 in the longitude direction and the latitude direction of the bottom, printing and forming a bottom curved surface concrete body 3 in a 3D mode, printing and forming a bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh 4 in the longitude direction and the latitude direction of the upper portion, and printing and forming an upper curved surface concrete body 5 in a 3D mode from bottom to top. And the device also comprises an auxiliary construction measure positioning pin key 6 and a supporting grid steel bar 7. The 3D printing concrete curved surface supporting body is a single-curved surface or double-curved surface concrete shell.
As shown in fig. 1-3, taking an ellipsoid curved surface as an example, the ellipse radius is 12m, and the arch ring height is 5.68 m. A3D construction method of a net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure comprises the following construction steps:
the method comprises the following steps of designing a scheme, wherein the main content required to be defined by the scheme design comprises the following steps: carrying out contour recognition according to a design drawing; determining a bus and a pole; splitting the curved surface, and determining a layered boundary and an intersection area; 3D printing concrete configuration and testing; material property and weaving procedure of the mesh reinforcement.
And step two, establishing a curved surface model. Establishing a model according to REVIT, simulating and checking conflict of the combination of the whole curved surface and the layered curved surface, optimizing the networking and weaving process of the mesh-shaped reinforcing steel bars, determining the reasonable positions of the positioning pin keys and the supporting ribs, and optimizing the conflict check of the printing process, the trend, the number of printing thickness layers and the working time.
And step three, 3D printing concrete configuration. According to the structural performance requirements, the strength of the 3D printed concrete is determined, the working performance, the extrusion performance, the rheological performance, the forming performance, the mechanical performance and other parameters of the 3D printed concrete are tested, and the reasonable printing direction, the printing stroke, the printing thickness, the laminating thickness, the duration and the interval time of the 3D printed concrete are determined.
And step four, printing the concrete curved surface support body. The printing adopts a Z-shaped or S-shaped path, the direction from the low end to the high end is symmetrical to advance from two sides, and the intersection area is arranged at the position of the inflection point of the curved surface. The printing thickness is 17mm, and the printing head is a wide kiss belt concave gap and is suitable for the streamline trend of the reticular rib. The printing duration is 90min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interval time between printing layers is not more than 90 min. The printing curved surface support body 7d can achieve a supporting effect and meet the construction requirements of subsequent procedures.
And fifthly, installing a positioning pin key and a support rib. When the concrete curved surface support body is printed, positioning keys and supporting ribs are arranged at equal intervals within the range of 300mm of the periphery of the curved surface and within the range of 300mm of the bandwidth of a ridge line, and tensioning positioning keys are erected for the subsequent assembly and weaving of the bidirectional fiber reinforced bar mesh.
And step six, assembling and weaving the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh. After the strength of the concrete curved surface support body meets the requirement, namely the minimum strength of the 3D printing concrete maintained under the same condition is not lower than 50MPa, the networking, weaving and installation of the bidirectional reinforcing mesh can be carried out. The distance of the networking meets the design requirement, the distance in the latitude direction is 200mm, and the distance in the longitude direction is 250 mm. The networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction.
And seventhly, printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body. After the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is installed, the curved surface conformity degree of the mesh size, the space, the interlayer position, the longitude direction and the latitude direction is rechecked, the hidden acceptance and the record are carried out, and after the requirements are met, the printing construction of the bottom curved surface concrete body can be carried out. Printing and forming a bottom curved surface concrete body, wherein the adopted 3D printing concrete is fiber-doped 3D printing concrete, and the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, and the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8 MPa. The thickness of the layered printing is 10-20mm, the printing width is 1-1.1 times of the space between the fiber mesh reinforcement grids, and the printing head is a wide kiss strip concave notch and is suitable for the streamline trend of the mesh ribs. The printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interval time between printing layers is not more than 90 min.
And step eight, assembling and weaving the upper bidirectional fiber reinforcing mesh. When the strength of the bottom curved surface concrete body reaches 75% of the designed strength and is not lower than 50MPa, networking of the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced steel bars can be performed. The spacing of the reinforcing mesh meets the design requirement, the spacing in the latitudinal direction is 200-250mm, and the spacing in the longitudinal direction is 250-300 mm. The networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction. And the networking steel bars adopt the positioning pin keys and the supporting ribs to correct the curved surface conformity. The space, the grid size, the node height difference, the position and the like of the networking steel bars meet the requirements, and a laser level and a theodolite are adopted for point checking.
And step nine, printing and molding the concrete body with the curved surface at the upper part. And after the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is concealed and accepted, printing construction of the upper curved surface concrete body is carried out, the upper curved surface concrete body is printed, and the printed elevation is controlled by adopting the positioning ribs arranged on the curved surface. The printing layering thickness is 10-15mm, the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 150mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min. And after printing, adopting spraying and covering film curing.
Step ten, sealing edges and closing the noodles. The edge sealing is to carry out interactive treatment on the pin key and the periphery, the surface closing is to maintain and repair general quality defects in printing, and cement mortar with the same proportion is adopted for repairing.
The net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure is characterized in that: 3D printing a concrete support body to form a structural bottom plate and the support body, and then weaving bidirectional fiber reinforcements in the longitude direction and the latitude direction of the bottom of the framework by adopting an intelligent reinforcement arrangement method to form a bidirectional curved reinforcement mesh; then 3D printing is adopted to form bottom curved surface concrete; then arranging upper longitudinal and latitudinal bidirectional fiber reinforced bars; then, forming upper curved surface concrete by adopting 3D printed concrete; finally, the concrete curved surface roof containing the ribs is formed.
And the step three, 3D printing concrete configuration, which comprises the steps of 3D printing concrete on a support body, 3D printing concrete on a bottom curved surface and 3D printing concrete on an upper curved surface, wherein the concrete is required to have the compression lowest strength not lower than 80MPa, the tensile strength not lower than 7.8MPa, the corresponding lowest strength of 7D under the same condition of curing is not lower than 50MPa, and the tensile strength is not lower than 5.5 MPa.
And fourthly, printing the concrete curved surface support, wherein the width of a printing nozzle is 1-2 times of the mesh size of the steel bar in the latitude or longitude direction and is not less than 200 mm. The printing intersection area is arranged between the inflection point positions of the curved surface, namely the range of 300mm of the lowest 1/3-1/4 highest of the roof base line. The printing layering thickness error is not more than (-2mm, +2mm), and the accumulative thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
And fifthly, installing a positioning pin key and a support rib. The positioning pin key adopts an end reinforcing bar with an anchoring end, HPB300 reinforcing bars with the diameter not less than 20mm, the distance is 200-300mm, the bottom part is inserted into the concrete body not less than 50mm, the exposed length is not less than 500mm, a section of anchoring plate or anchoring end, a middle thread and a fixing ring are exposed. The fixed ribs or the supporting ribs are ladder-shaped ribs, the positions of the woven reinforcing mesh are fixed, and the elevation of the reinforcing mesh is adjusted.
And sixthly, assembling and weaving the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh. The bidirectional reinforcing mesh adopts fiber reinforced steel bars or prestressed galvanized steel wires, the tensile strength is not lower than 1350MPa, and the tensile rate is not lower than 30%.
And seventhly, printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body. The 3D printing concrete doped with the fibers is adopted, and the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, and the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8 MPa. The printing layering thickness error is not more than (-5mm, +2mm), and the accumulative thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
And step eight, assembling and weaving the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh. The spacing error of the networking steel bars does not exceed (-5mm, +5mm), the grid size deviation is +/-6 mm, the node height difference is +/-5 mm, and the node position deviation is +/-5 mm, and a laser level and a theodolite are adopted for point checking.
And step nine, printing and molding the concrete body with the curved surface at the upper part. The 3D printing concrete doped with the fibers is adopted, and the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, and the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8 MPa. The printing layering thickness error is not more than (-2mm, +2mm), and the accumulative thickness error is not more than 5 mm. And after printing, adopting spraying and covering film curing.
The difficult problems of template forming, supporting and splicing of the reinforced concrete roof of the curved surface roof are solved; the difficult problems of lofting, processing, binding, mounting, connecting and fixing of the steel bars in the reinforced concrete roof panel of the curved surface roof are solved; the problems of distributing, pouring, vibrating, forming, maintaining and the like of the concrete of the reinforced concrete roof plate of the curved surface roof are solved.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A3D construction method of a net-shaped reinforced concrete curved surface roof structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: 3D printing a concrete support body to form a structural bottom plate and the support body, and then weaving bidirectional fiber reinforcements in the longitude direction and the latitude direction of the bottom of the framework by adopting an intelligent reinforcement arrangement method to form a bidirectional curved reinforcement mesh; then 3D printing is adopted to form bottom curved surface concrete; then arranging upper longitudinal and latitudinal bidirectional fiber reinforced bars; then, forming upper curved surface concrete by adopting 3D printed concrete; finally, forming a concrete curved surface roof containing ribs;
the method comprises the following construction steps:
step one, designing a scheme; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out contour recognition according to a design drawing; determining a bus, a pole and a grid; splitting the curved surface, and determining a layered boundary and an intersection area; 3D printing concrete configuration and testing; determining the material performance and the weaving procedure of the mesh-shaped reinforcing steel bar;
step two, establishing a curved surface model; establishing a model according to BIM building information model software REVIT, performing simulation and conflict check on the combination of the whole curved surface and the layered curved surface, optimizing the networking and weaving processes of the mesh-shaped reinforcing steel bars, determining the reasonable positions of the positioning pin keys and the supporting ribs, and optimizing the conflict check of the printing process, the trend, the number of printing thickness layers and the working time;
step three, 3D printing concrete configuration; according to the structural performance requirement, determining the strength of the 3D printed concrete, testing the working performance, the extrusion performance, the rheological performance, the forming performance and the mechanical performance parameters of the 3D printed concrete, and determining the reasonable printing direction, the printing stroke, the printing thickness, the laminating thickness, the duration and the interval time;
printing a concrete curved surface support body; printing is carried out by adopting a Z-shaped or S-shaped path, the direction from the low end to the high end is symmetrical and pushed in from two sides, and an intersection region is arranged at the position of a curved surface inflection point; the printing thickness is 15-20mm, and the printing head is a rectangular nozzle with a wide kiss notch and is suitable for the streamline trend of the reticular rib; the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min; printing the curved surface support body 7d to achieve a supporting effect and meet the construction requirements of subsequent procedures;
installing a positioning pin key and a support rib; when the concrete curved surface support body is printed, positioning keys and supporting ribs are arranged and installed at equal intervals within the range of 300mm of the periphery of the curved surface and within the range of 300mm of the bandwidth of a ridge line, and tensioning positioning keys are erected for the subsequent assembly and weaving of the bidirectional fiber reinforced bar mesh;
step six, assembling and weaving a bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh; after the strength of the concrete curved surface support body meets the requirement, namely the minimum strength of the 3D printing concrete maintained under the same condition is not lower than 50MPa, carrying out networking, weaving and installing on the bidirectional reinforcing mesh; the distance of the networking meets the design requirement, the distance in the latitude direction is 200-250mm, and the distance in the longitude direction is 250-300 mm; the networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction;
printing and molding the bottom curved surface concrete body; after the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is installed, carrying out surface conformity rechecking in the mesh size, the space, the interlayer position, the longitude direction and the latitude direction, carrying out concealed acceptance and recording, and carrying out printing construction on a bottom curved surface concrete body after the requirements are met; the layered printing thickness is 10-20mm, the printing width is 1-1.1 times of the space between the fiber mesh reinforcement grids, and the printing head is a wide kiss strip concave gap and is suitable for the streamline trend of the mesh ribs; the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 200mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min;
step eight, grouping and weaving an upper bidirectional fiber reinforcing mesh; when the strength of the bottom curved surface concrete body reaches 75% of the designed strength and is not lower than 50MPa, networking the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced steel bars; the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets meets the design requirement, the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets in the latitude direction is 200-250mm, and the distance between the reinforcing steel bar nets in the longitude direction is 250-300 mm; the networking process and the control elements are from low end to high end, the short direction is firstly followed by the long direction, the latitude direction is firstly followed by the longitude direction; the networking steel bars adopt positioning pin keys and supporting ribs to carry out curved surface conformity correction;
printing and molding the concrete body with the curved surface at the upper part; after the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is concealed and accepted, printing construction of an upper curved surface concrete body is carried out, the upper curved surface concrete body is printed, and the printed elevation is controlled by positioning ribs arranged on the curved surface; the printing layering thickness is 10-15mm, the printing duration is 90-120min, the stacking thickness between printing layers is not more than 150mm, and the interlayer pause time is not more than 90 min;
step ten, sealing edges and closing the noodles; the edge sealing is to carry out interactive treatment on the pin key and the periphery, the surface closing is to repair and maintain the quality defects in printing, and cement mortar with the same proportion is adopted for repairing.
2. The 3D construction method of the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure sequentially comprises a 3D printed concrete curved support body (1), a bottom longitudinal direction and latitudinal direction bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh (2), a 3D printed and molded bottom curved concrete body (3), an upper longitudinal direction and latitudinal direction bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh (4) and a 3D printed and molded upper curved concrete body (5) from bottom to top, and further comprises an auxiliary construction measure positioning pin key (6) and a supporting grid reinforced bar (7);
the 3D printing concrete curved surface supporting body is a single-curved surface or double-curved surface concrete shell.
3. The 3D construction method for the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, 3D printing concrete configuration comprises 3D printing concrete on the support body, 3D printing concrete on the bottom curved surface and 3D printing concrete on the upper curved surface, and the concrete is required to have a compressive minimum strength of not less than 80MPa, a tensile strength of not less than 7.8MPa, a minimum strength of not less than 50MPa and a tensile strength of not less than 5.5MPa after curing for 7D under the same conditions.
4. The 3D construction method of the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the concrete curved support body is printed, the width of the printing nozzle is 1-2 times of the mesh size of the reinforcing steel bar in the latitude or longitude direction, and the mesh size of the reinforcing steel bar is not less than 200 mm; the printing intersection area is arranged at the inflection point of the curved surface, namely the range of 300mm at the position 1/3-1/4 where the highest roof base line is at the lowest part, the error range of the printing layered thickness is between-2 mm and 2mm, and the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
5. The 3D construction method of the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth step is to install a positioning pin key and a support rib; the positioning pin key adopts an end reinforcing bar with an anchoring end, HPB300 reinforcing bars with the diameter not less than 20mm, the distance is 200-300mm, the bottom part is inserted into a concrete body not less than 50mm, the exposed length is not less than 500mm, a section of anchoring plate or anchoring head with the anchoring end is exposed, and a screw thread and a fixing ring are arranged in the middle; the fixed ribs or the supporting ribs are ladder-shaped ribs, the positions of the woven reinforcing mesh are fixed, and the elevation of the reinforcing mesh is adjusted.
6. The 3D construction method of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the bottom bidirectional fiber reinforced mesh is organized and woven, the bidirectional reinforced mesh is made of fiber reinforced steel bars or prestressed galvanized steel wires, the tensile strength is not lower than 1350MPa, and the tensile rate is not lower than 30%.
7. The 3D construction method of the net-shaped reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the bottom curved concrete body is printed and molded, and the 3D printed concrete doped with fibers is adopted, so that the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8MPa, the error range of the printed layered thickness is between-5 mm and 2mm, and the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5 mm.
8. The 3D construction method of the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the eighth step, the upper bidirectional fiber reinforced bar net is organized, the interval error range of the networking reinforced bars is between-5 mm and 5mm, the grid size deviation is +/-6 mm, the node height difference is +/-5 mm, and the node position deviation is +/-5 mm, and a laser level and a theodolite are adopted for point checking.
9. The 3D construction method of the reticular reinforced concrete curved roof structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the ninth step, the upper curved concrete body is printed and molded, the 3D printed concrete doped with fibers is adopted, the designed compressive strength is not lower than 80MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 7.8MPa, the error range of the printed layered thickness is between-2 mm and 2mm, the accumulated thickness error is not more than 5mm, and after printing, spraying and film covering maintenance are adopted.
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| CN113202229B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2023-03-17 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Combined fitting for in-situ concrete 3-D printing horizontal bearing component and preparation method |
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