CN111333868A - Composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, preparation method and thermal management method - Google Patents
Composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, preparation method and thermal management method Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
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- H05K7/2029—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, a preparation method and a thermal management method. Firstly, preparing hydrogel with a cross-linked structure; and then heating and drying the hydrogel with the cross-linked structure, and then soaking the dried hydrogel in a solution formed by hygroscopic salt and a chemical thermoelectric material until the hydrogel is completely swelled, and taking out the hydrogel to obtain the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities. The hydrogel can take away a large amount of heat by water evaporation at high temperature, and simultaneously converts a part of heat into electric energy for output in a chemical thermoelectric conversion mode; the water in the air can be absorbed at low temperature for automatic water replenishing. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, excellent performance, convenience and intelligence, can synchronously remove waste heat and recover waste heat for a heating object, and solves the problem of waste of high-heat and low-grade heat energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat dissipation and waste heat recovery, relates to a synchronous heat dissipation and waste heat recovery technology, and particularly relates to a composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, a preparation method and a heat management method.
Background
The miniaturization and integration of modern electronic devices make the electronic devices have huge energy density during operation, and most of energy is finally converted into heat energy, so that the devices face the problem of overhigh temperature. The poor temperature not only affects the stability of the device operation, but also causes problems of safety and service life. Therefore, solving the high temperature problem of the device is crucial to improving the energy efficiency of the device, promoting economic prosperity, energy safety and environmental protection. In addition, waste heat generated when electronic devices work generally belongs to low-grade waste heat, and plays an important role in the strategy of energy conservation and emission reduction for recycling the low-grade waste heat under the background of global environmental pollution, energy shortage and low energy utilization rate. Modern electronic devices have high requirements for efficient heat dissipation and waste heat recovery because these two components are related to device reliability and energy efficiency.
The existing heat dissipation methods mainly include two types: passive heat dissipation and active heat dissipation. Modern electronic devices have extremely high energy density, and the low heat dissipation capability of common passive methods is difficult to meet the requirements of high energy density devices. Although the active cooling methods such as forced air cooling and water cooling have high cooling performance, the energy consumption is high, and complex auxiliary accessories (such as a fan, a water pump and the like) are required. Conventional heat recovery methods, such as thermoelectric modules, in direct contact with a heat source typically introduce additional thermal resistance, hinder heat dissipation, and result in high temperatures in the core components of these electronic devices. However, efficient heat dissipation is often energy intensive, as it requires auxiliary equipment such as fans or pumps, which is undesirable for the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the device. Thus, efficient heat removal and waste heat recovery are two conflicting processes so far that they cannot be achieved simultaneously. Moreover, the effective heat dissipation and waste heat recovery method must also follow the development direction of modern electronic devices.
Hydrogels, a class of materials with extremely high water content (which can exceed 90%), are capable of retaining their three-dimensional network structure and are in a solid state. The hydrogel can be used for reducing the surface temperature of an object greatly when the surface temperature of the object is increased, and is an excellent passive heat dissipation material. In addition, the liquid water in the hydrogel can prevent the actions of ion diffusion and transmission and the like from being influenced. However, conventional hydrogels lose water continuously, and even at room temperature, the water content in the hydrogel gradually decreases until the hydrogel is completely dried, and thus the hydrogel is not environmentally stable. In addition, the water loss of common hydrogel can not be automatically reversed, and the hydrogel can be recovered only by soaking the hydrogel in liquid water, and then normally works. These drawbacks make the application of hydrogels limited, and frequent manual water replenishment also affects the stability and effectiveness of the hydrogel structure and properties. Therefore, it is important to find an intelligent, simple and efficient heat dissipation and waste heat recovery mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high heat and waste heat waste of various heat sources and solve the problems that hydrogel at the present stage does not have environmental stability and cannot realize automatic water replenishing, the invention provides the composite hydrogel which can realize synchronous heat dissipation and waste heat recovery and can realize automatic water replenishing, and the composite hydrogel can be applied to the fields of heat management and waste heat recycling. The intelligent type water heater has the characteristics of intelligence, convenience, repeatable work, adjustable volume, zero noise, low manufacturing cost and wide application range. The method can be suitable for the surfaces of various heat source objects, such as: electronic equipment, houses, automobiles, and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities is characterized in that: the hydrogel is a composite hydrogel composed of hydrogel with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, hygroscopic salt with a certain concentration and a chemical thermoelectric material mixed solution. Moreover, the hydrogel can have the capabilities of heat dissipation, waste heat recovery and automatic regeneration.
Preferably, the hydrogel with the three-dimensional crosslinking structure is any one or a combination of several of polyacrylamide hydrogel, sodium polyacrylate hydrogel, sodium alginate hydrogel and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
A preparation method of hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing hydrogel with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure;
and 4, taking out the hydrogel until the hydrogel is completely swelled, thereby obtaining the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities.
As an improvement, the hygroscopic salt is lithium bromide, lithium chloride or calcium chloride salt, and the molar concentration of the hygroscopic salt is 0-17.3 mol/L.
As an improvement, the chemical thermoelectric material is potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide/ammonium ferrocyanide, and the molar concentration of the chemical thermoelectric material is 0-0.4 mol/L.
A thermal management-waste heat recovery method using the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is characterized in that: placing the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities on the surface of a heat source, wherein when the temperature of the surface of the heat source rises, water in the hydrogel starts to evaporate, the surface temperature of a heating element is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, a part of heat is converted into electric energy through chemical thermoelectric conversion and is output; when the surface temperature of the heat source is reduced, the composite hydrogel with the synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities spontaneously absorbs the moisture in the surrounding air, so that the composite hydrogel with the synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities swells again. The circulation work is carried out in this way, and the surface temperature control and the waste heat reutilization of the heat source are completed.
As an improvement, the heat source is a solar cell, a house, an automobile, a chip, a battery, and an integrated circuit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in summary, the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability of the present invention has the functions of evaporation heat dissipation, waste heat recovery and automatic regeneration. The hydrogel temperature control method belongs to a passive heat dissipation method, has a simple structure and excellent heat dissipation capacity, and can intelligently and effectively dissipate heat for various objects (electronic equipment, houses, automobiles and the like) needing temperature management. The thermoelectric conversion mode in the invention belongs to a chemical thermoelectric conversion mode, and the entropy change of redox couple in a thermoelectric chemical material in the processes of migration in a solution and electron transfer is the root cause of energy conversion.
The automatic regeneration function of the hydrogel is regulated and controlled by hygroscopic salt, the hygroscopic salt can obviously reduce the vapor pressure of the hydrogel, and the evaporation-regeneration rate of the hydrogel can be controlled by regulating the concentration of the hygroscopic salt. The hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is formed by compounding hydrogel with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, hygroscopic salt and a thermoelectric chemical material solution. The working mode is as follows: under high temperature, water in the hydrogel can be evaporated to take away a large amount of heat, the temperature of a heat source is controlled, and the thermoelectric conversion is synchronously realized to convert redundant heat energy into electric energy for output; at low temperature, the hydrogel can automatically absorb water in the air to automatically supplement water and restore the swelling state. The hydrogel can be reused and has automatic circulation capability. The device does not need external power during working, and has the characteristics of no noise, small volume, low manufacturing cost, convenience, intelligence, adjustable volume, zero noise and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cyclic evaporation-moisture absorption process of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability used in example 1 when the chip works, wherein E represents evaporation, and R represents water absorption.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the heat dissipation performance of the chip made of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the waste heat recovery performance of the chip made of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat dissipation performance of the lithium ion battery of the mobile phone in the case of using the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability in example 2;
fig. 5 shows the waste heat recovery capability (I-V curve) of the lithium ion battery of the mobile phone, which is the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability used in example 2.
Fig. 6 shows the time required for automatic water replenishment when the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capacity used in example 2 is a lithium ion battery for a mobile phone.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the heat dissipation performance of the perovskite solar cell panel used in example 3, wherein the composite hydrogel having the synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities is used;
FIG. 8 is the waste heat recovery capability (I-V curve) of perovskite solar cell panel used as the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporative heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability in example 3.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the examples of the present invention are illustrated by taking polyacrylamide hydrogel as an example, and other hydrogels are also applicable.
The invention provides a composite hydrogel for heat management and waste heat recycling of a heat source surface, which is a material consisting of polyacrylamide hydrogel, hygroscopic salt with a certain concentration and a chemical thermoelectric material solution. The hygroscopic salt is lithium bromide, lithium chloride, calcium chloride and the like, and the molar concentration is 0-17.3 mol/L. The chemical thermoelectric material is potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide/ammonium ferrocyanide and the like, and the molar concentration is 0-0.4 mol/L. The composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability has a smooth surface and can be directly covered on the surface of a heat source. The concentration of the mixed solution consisting of hygroscopic salt and chemical thermoelectric material in the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is adjustable, so that effective moisture absorption, heat dissipation and waste heat recovery under different environments and different heating element surface temperatures are realized. The preparation method of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capacity comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel
And 2, completely drying a certain amount of polyacrylamide hydrogel.
And 3, soaking the dried polyacrylamide hydrogel in a mixed solution consisting of hygroscopic salts and the chemical thermoelectric material, wherein the hygroscopic salts are as follows: lithium bromide, lithium chloride, calcium chloride and the like, and the molar concentration is 0-17.3 mol/L; the chemical thermoelectric material is potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide/ammonium ferrocyanide, etc. and its molar concentration is 0-0.4 mol/L.
And 4, taking out the hydrogel until the hydrogel is completely swelled. Namely the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability.
In the invention, when the surface temperature of heating elements such as electronic equipment, houses, automobiles and the like is overhigh, the water in the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability can be evaporated, the surface temperature of a heat source is reduced, and meanwhile, a part of heat energy is converted into electric energy. When the electronic equipment is in a standby state, a house is in a night period and an automobile is not used, automatic water absorption and regeneration from the surrounding environment can be realized. The whole process is temperature controlled and works automatically. The speed of the hydrogel in the evaporation and water absorption processes is controlled by the molar concentration of the hygroscopic salt solution, and the concentration of the hygroscopic salt solution can be regulated and controlled according to different working conditions of a heat source, so that effective heat dissipation and waste heat recycling are realized.
The principle used by the invention is as follows: the principle of automatic regeneration of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is that the saturated vapor pressure of hygroscopic salt is very low, and when the composite hydrogel contains the hygroscopic salt, the vapor pressure of the composite hydrogel is controlled by the concentration of the hygroscopic salt. When the vapor pressure of the composite hydrogel is lower than that of the environment, the composite hydrogel can automatically absorb water from the environment. The heat dissipation mechanism is that the saturated vapor pressure of the composite hydrogel with the synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities at high temperature is higher than that of the environment, so that when the surface temperature of a heat source is too high, water can be evaporated from the composite hydrogel with the synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, and a large amount of heat can be taken away due to the large latent heat of water. The principle of thermoelectric conversion is that when temperature difference exists between two surfaces of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities, oxidation reaction occurs on an anode and reduction reaction occurs on a cathode of an oxidation-reduction pair in a chemical thermoelectric material due to the fact that the oxidation-reduction reaction has temperature dependence, and entropy change in the processes of ion migration in a solution and electron transfer is a main reason of energy conversion in the processes.
Example 1
The specific preparation method of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability provided by the embodiment is as follows:
step 1, 2M acrylamide is taken as a monomer, 0.001M N N '-dimethyl bisacrylamide is taken as a cross-linking agent, and 0.002M 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone is taken as an ultraviolet initiator to prepare a mixed solution.
And 3, curing for 8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere by using an ultraviolet lamp to obtain the polyacrylamide hydrogel.
And 4, taking the polyacrylamide hydrogel out of the mold, and placing the polyacrylamide hydrogel on a heating table at 60 ℃ until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely dried.
And 5, immersing the dried polyacrylamide hydrogel into a mixed solution of potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide (0.1M) and lithium bromide (9.4M) until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely swelled.
And 6, taking out the gel, and wiping redundant solution on the surface to form the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities.
The composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability in the embodiment is used for testing the synchronous heat dissipation, waste heat recovery and automatic water replenishing performance of the chip as follows:
the evaporation-moisture absorption cycle capacity test is carried out at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity of 70 percent and the hydrogel sample size of 30mm × 25mm × 3.6.6 mm, the evaporation of the hydrogel is carried out at the temperature of 50 ℃, the moisture absorption is carried out under the ambient condition, the weight change of the hydrogel is recorded by a balance with the precision of 0.01mg, the water loss in the whole evaporation process is 0.418g, the evaporation time is 1.7h, the time required by the hydrogel to return to the initial state in the automatic water replenishing process is 5.88h, the water evaporation amount of the hydrogel is consistent after 4 cycle tests, the time required by evaporation and regeneration is also basically consistent, the power density is 1333W/m at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the ambient relative humidity of 70 percent and the hydrogel sample size of 30mm × 25mm × 3.6.6 mm2The chip carries out synchronous heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability test. A titanium sheet is arranged between the heating sheet and the hydrogel, the surface of the hydrogel is a titanium net, the titanium sheet and the titanium net are used as electrodes to collect output current and voltage of the hydrogel, and the titanium net covers the surface of the hydrogel to ensure that water vapor can pass through. In the case of sweating cooling with hydrogel, the chip surface temperature would be kept between 39 ℃ and 45 ℃ with the chip temperature rising to 61 ℃ without any heat dissipation measures, which is the maximum chip temperature of 22 ℃. At the same time, 0.28. mu.W of electric power was output at 120 minutes.
Example 2
The specific preparation method of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability provided by the embodiment is as follows:
step 1, 2M acrylamide is taken as a monomer, 0.001M N N '-dimethyl bisacrylamide is taken as a cross-linking agent, and 0.002M 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone is taken as an ultraviolet initiator to prepare a mixed solution.
And 3, curing for 8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere by using an ultraviolet lamp to obtain the polyacrylamide hydrogel.
And 4, taking the polyacrylamide hydrogel out of the mold, and placing the polyacrylamide hydrogel on a heating table at 60 ℃ until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely dried.
And 5, immersing the dried polyacrylamide hydrogel in a mixed solution of potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide (0.1M) and lithium bromide (5.4M) until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely swelled.
And 6, taking out the gel, and wiping redundant solution on the surface to form the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities.
The composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability in the embodiment is used for synchronous heat dissipation and waste heat recovery and automatic water replenishing performance tests of the lithium ion battery of the mobile phone as follows:
RH., testing the natural heat dissipation effect of the lithium ion battery and the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel sweating cooling mode under different discharge rates and testing the waste heat utilization capacity of the lithium ion battery under the heat dissipation of the hydrogel, wherein the environment temperature and the humidity are respectively 26 ℃ and 80%, the capacity of the lithium ion battery is 5000mAh, the rated voltage is 3.7V, and the size of the hydrogel is 10cm × 6cm × 2mm, under the condition that no heat dissipation measures are adopted, the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery reaches 49 ℃, 62 ℃, 69 ℃ and 78 ℃ under the discharge rates of 1.6C, 1.8C, 2.0C and 2.2C, the temperature of the battery can be respectively reduced by 6.5 ℃, 13.2 ℃, 15.7 ℃ and 20 ℃ under the condition that the hydrogel dissipates heat, the hydrogel outputs 14.5mV voltage and 1.4mA current under the discharge rate of 2.2C, 5 uW of electric energy is additionally obtained through the hydrogel, under the same environment condition, the test shows that the lithium ion battery stops working after the work at different discharge rates, the automatic water replenishment time is 16min, the water replenishment time is 1.193 min, and the water replenishment time is respectively 1.8.2 min, the regeneration time is 1.8C, the water replenishment time is 1.2 min, the automatic regeneration time is 1.2 min, the water replenishment time is 1.2.2.2.
Example 3
The specific preparation method of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability provided by the embodiment is as follows:
step 1, 2M acrylamide is taken as a monomer, 0.001M N N '-dimethyl bisacrylamide is taken as a cross-linking agent, and 0.002M 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone is taken as an ultraviolet initiator to prepare a mixed solution.
And 2, pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 1 into a mold of 10 × 10 and 10 × 4cm 3.
And 3, curing for 8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere by using an ultraviolet lamp to obtain the polyacrylamide hydrogel.
And 4, taking the polyacrylamide hydrogel out of the mold, and placing the polyacrylamide hydrogel on a heating table at 60 ℃ until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely dried.
And 5, immersing the dried polyacrylamide hydrogel in a mixed solution of potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide (0.1M) and lithium bromide (5.4M) until the polyacrylamide hydrogel is completely swelled.
And 6, taking out the gel, and wiping redundant solution on the surface to form the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities.
The performance test of the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability used for the synchronous heat dissipation and the waste heat recovery of the solar cell in the embodiment is as follows:
in one sun (100 mW/cm)2) Under the illumination of light, the surface temperature of the perovskite cell capable of naturally dissipating heat reaches 73 ℃, while the surface temperature of the solar cell panel using hydrogel (with the size of 10cm × 10cm × 4mm) for dissipating heat is only 53 ℃ in the initial stage, the temperature is gradually increased to 58 ℃ after 6.5 hours, the temperature is reduced by 15 ℃ to 20 ℃, an I-V curve output by the hydrogel is scanned within 6.5 hours while the TG hydrogel is subjected to sweating cooling, the current at the moment is 1.27mA, the voltage can reach 10mV, and the extra electric gain obtained by the hydrogel at the moment is 3.2 muW.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities is characterized in that: the hydrogel is a composite hydrogel composed of hydrogel with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, hygroscopic salt with a certain concentration and a chemical thermoelectric material mixed solution.
2. The composite hydrogel of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogel with the three-dimensional crosslinking structure is any one or a combination of several of polyacrylamide hydrogel, sodium polyacrylate hydrogel, sodium alginate hydrogel and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
3. The composite hydrogel of claim 1, wherein: the hygroscopic salt is lithium bromide, lithium chloride or calcium chloride salt, and the molar concentration of the hygroscopic salt is 0-17.3 mol/L.
4. The composite hydrogel of claim 1, wherein: the chemical thermoelectric material is potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide/ammonium ferrocyanide, and the molar concentration of the chemical thermoelectric material is 0-0.4 mol/L.
5. A preparation method of composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing hydrogel with a three-dimensional cross-linked structure;
step 2, heating and drying the hydrogel prepared in the step 1 until the hydrogel is completely dried;
step 3, soaking the dried hydrogel in a mixed solution consisting of hygroscopic salt and a chemical thermoelectric material;
and 4, taking out the hydrogel until the hydrogel is completely swelled, thereby obtaining the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capabilities.
6. The method for preparing the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hygroscopic salt is lithium bromide, lithium chloride or calcium chloride salt, and the molar concentration of the hygroscopic salt is 0-17.3 mol/L.
7. The method for preparing composite hydrogel with synchronous heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability according to claim 5, wherein the chemical thermoelectric material is potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide/ammonium ferrocyanide, and the molar concentration of the chemical thermoelectric material is 0-0.4 mol/L.
8. The method for preparing the composite hydrogel with synchronous evaporation heat dissipation and waste heat recovery capability according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogel in the step 1 is polyacrylamide hydrogel, and the preparation method of the polyacrylamide hydrogel comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, preparing a mixed solution by using acrylamide as a monomer, N '-dimethyl bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent and 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone as an ultraviolet initiator;
step 1.2, pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 1.1 into a mold;
and step 1.3, curing for 6-10 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere by using an ultraviolet lamp to obtain the polyacrylamide hydrogel.
9. A method for heat management-waste heat recovery using the composite hydrogel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: placing the hydrogel on the surface of a heat source, gradually evaporating moisture in the hydrogel when the temperature of the surface of the heat source is increased, reducing the surface temperature of the heat source, and converting a part of heat into electric energy through chemical thermoelectric conversion for output; when the surface temperature of the heat source is reduced, the hydrogel can spontaneously absorb the moisture in the surrounding air, so that the hydrogel is regenerated and automatically and circularly works to finish the surface temperature reduction and waste heat recycling of the heat source, and then is automatically regenerated.
10. The thermal management-waste heat recovery method of claim 9, wherein: the heat source is a solar panel, a house, an automobile, a chip, a battery or an integrated circuit.
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| CN113881068A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 南开大学 | Preparation method and application of high-performance thermoelectric hydrogel based on ion conduction |
| CN114479332A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 广东省科学院化工研究所 | Ion conductor thermoelectric material and preparation method and application thereof |
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