CN111330540A - Preparation method of graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent - Google Patents

Preparation method of graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent Download PDF

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CN111330540A
CN111330540A CN202010153089.0A CN202010153089A CN111330540A CN 111330540 A CN111330540 A CN 111330540A CN 202010153089 A CN202010153089 A CN 202010153089A CN 111330540 A CN111330540 A CN 111330540A
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graphene oxide
lithium
oxide composite
composite aluminum
lithium adsorbent
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邓茂盛
尹娟娟
刘恒
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Shaanxi Huahebai Biotechnology Co ltd
Xunyang Ling Sheng New Materials Science And Technology Ltd
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Shaanxi Huahebai Biotechnology Co ltd
Xunyang Ling Sheng New Materials Science And Technology Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J20/28057Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
    • B01J20/28061Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 100-500 m2/g
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent, which comprises the following steps of adding 8-20 parts of graphene oxide, 6-15 parts of aluminum chloride salt and 1-5 parts of lithium salt into 15-40 parts of water by mass, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 15-60 min; controlling the temperature of water to be 40-80 ℃, adding 1-10mol/L alkali liquor while stirring, stopping adding the alkali liquor when the pH value of the solution is 4.5-7.0, finishing the reaction, and then filtering and drying to obtain the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent; the graphene oxide is added, and the characteristic that the graphene can be oxidized and has a large specific surface area is utilized, so that the prepared aluminum-based lithium adsorbent has a large specific surface area and a large adsorption capacity, and the industrialization of the brine extraction lithium adsorbent is facilitated.

Description

Preparation method of graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry, and relates to a preparation method of a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent.
Background
Lithium (Li) is one of the important rare metals related to national economy and life information of people, and the metal and the compound thereof are widely applied to the fields of glass, ceramics, chemical industry, medicine and the like, particularly to the 21 st century, and along with the rapid development of science and technology, the metal lithium and the compound thereof are widely applied to the aspects of high-energy batteries, aerospace, nuclear fusion power generation, ultra-light high-strength lithium alloys and the like, so that the demand of the metal lithium and the compound thereof is increasingly increased, and the metal lithium and the compound thereof become an irreplaceable energy metal in the 21 st century.
China is a large country with salt lake brine lithium resources, the salt lake lithium resources account for more than 80% of national lithium resources and approximately account for 1/3 of world salt lake lithium resources, the prospect reserve of lithium salts is preliminarily estimated to reach thousands of tons and is mainly distributed in Qinghai and Tibet provinces in the west of China, the Qinghai lithium resources are mainly in sulfate type and are concentrated on the northern side of a Chadada wood basin and a northern carbonate type lithium resource zone in Tibet; lithium resources in Tibet are mainly carbonate-type, concentrated in Zaubeya salt lake in the northwest of Tibet and Bango-Du Jia lake in the eastern part. Among them, the Qinghai Chaila basin and Tibet Zaubeya salt lake have large lithium resource reserves and high grade, are important lithium resources in the world and are also important resource bases for developing lithium salt industry in future in China. The chai dalwood basin salt lake is positioned in a arid plateau area, and consists of 18 main salt lakes, the salt lake brine contains abundant mineral resources such as Li, B, K, Mg, Na, Br and the like, wherein the salt lake brine containing higher lithium comprises a Riepeng lake, a Dongtai Ginell lake, a Carlo lake and a Dachadan lake Tibet Zaubuye salt lake, the salt lake is positioned at the south of the northern plateau of the Tibet, is one of four ore deposits with the lithium resource storage amount exceeding million tons in the world, has the elevation of more than 4Km, is a closed basin salt lake without outflow, has higher mineralization degree of the brine, has the total salt content of more than 33 percent, and contains abundant elements such as Na, K, Br, I, Li, B and the like;
the composition of the salt lake brine is complex, usually, a plurality of ions such as Na, K, Mg, Li, Ca, B and the like coexist, and the components of the salt lake brine are greatly different according to different regions, so that the production processes adopted by the prior large salt lakes are different,objectively hinder the development of lithium resources in salt lake brine. In addition, Li in salt lake brine+Often accompanied by a large amount of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions, whose chemical properties are similar due to diagonal relationship, the presence of these ions is not favorable for the separation and extraction of lithium, especially large amount of Mg2+In the presence of Li+The separation and extraction of (2) is more difficult. Most of the lithium resources in the salt lake brine in China have the characteristic of high magnesium-lithium ratio, and compared with other lithium resources in the salt lake abroad, the lithium resources in the salt lake brine in China are more difficult to develop. Therefore, how to solve the world problem of magnesium-lithium separation determines the success or failure of the development of the lithium resources in the salt lake brine in China.
According to statistics, 75-80% of lithium chloride, lithium carbonate and derivatives thereof are all produced from brine, an adsorption method is one of effective methods for extracting lithium from brine, an aluminum hydroxide-based lithium adsorbent is the only adsorbent for industrial application when lithium is extracted from brine by adopting the adsorption method, no matter which method is adopted for preparation, the main component of the basic skeleton of the adsorbent is aluminum hydroxide, so the adsorbent is called as the aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, the adsorbent is low in cost and excellent in comprehensive performance regardless of the adopted raw materials and the preparation process, and the main characteristic of the lithium adsorption from brine is that ① shows good selectivity on the adsorption of lithium in a solution with other cation reversibility, ② has the advantages that the lithium can be desorbed by water after adsorption, the adsorption rate of ③ is high, and the adsorption rate is close to saturation after 30 min;
publication of information to obtain LiCl 2Al (OH)3·nH2O or the like mainly comprises four methods of mechanochemical synthesis, soaking, acidification and transformation and precipitation.
Patent application 201710235736 of Qinghai salt lake industry GmbH discloses a preparation method of lithium adsorbent and lithium adsorbent, firstly LiCl.2.2-2.8 Al (OH) is generated by reaction3·2.7~3.9H2And O, performing solid-liquid separation, drying, grinding and crushing to form powder, adding an adhesive and liquid chlorine to realize mixing granulation, and finally screening to obtain the lithium adsorbent.
Patent application 201710274742 to byedi gmbh discloses supported lithium adsorbents and methods for their preparation. The supported lithium adsorbent includes: the support body and the porous microstructure formed by solidifying the lithium adsorbent powder and the adhesive in the holes of the support body. The application number 201711031854 patent discloses lithium adsorbent composite particles and a preparation method thereof, wherein the lithium adsorbent composite particles comprise an active adsorbent and a binder, wherein holes are formed between particles of at least part of the active adsorbent and/or between particles of the active adsorbent and the binder, the porosity of the lithium adsorbent composite particles is 1% -45%, and the lithium adsorbent composite particles have high adsorption and desorption speed, large adsorption and desorption amount and stability.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of mixing a lithium adsorbent or precursor powder thereof, various polymers, a pore-forming agent and an organic solvent in patent application 201811331549 of east China university of technology at normal pressure and at the temperature of 10-190 ℃, and stirring for 1-120min to obtain a uniform mixture; and dropping the uniform mixture into the solution, or extruding, molding, crushing and washing the uniform mixture to obtain the granular lithium adsorbent.
The preparation methods of the adsorbents disclosed in the prior art are similar to those of binder materials, so that the specific surface area of the final adsorbent is small and the adsorption capacity is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent, which is free of a binding agent in the preparation process and solves the problems of small specific surface area and low adsorption capacity of the adsorbent prepared by the traditional method by utilizing the characteristic of large specific surface area of graphene oxide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent comprises the steps of weighing 8-20 parts of graphene oxide, 6-15 parts of aluminum chloride salt and 1-5 parts of lithium salt according to parts by weight, adding the materials into 15-40 parts of water, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 15-60 min; controlling the temperature of water to be 40-80 ℃, adding 1-10mol/L alkali liquor while stirring, controlling the adding time of the alkali liquor to be 15-60min, stopping adding the alkali liquor when the pH value of the solution is 4.5-7.0, finishing the reaction, and then filtering and drying to obtain the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent.
Further, in the present invention,the graphene oxide is prepared from natural crystalline flake graphite serving as a raw material, and the specific surface area of the prepared graphene oxide is more than or equal to 100m2The grain diameter is 100-400 meshes.
Further, the aluminum chloride salt is AlCl3 & 6H2O or AlCl 3.
Further, the lithium salt is one or more of lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium sulfate.
Further, the alkali liquor is one or more of a lithium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, a potassium hydroxide solution and ammonia water.
Further, the alkali liquor is added dropwise or added in several times.
Further, the filtration mode is centrifugal filtration, mechanical filter pressing or vacuum filtration.
Further, the drying mode is natural drying, vacuum heat drying or infrared drying.
According to the preparation method of the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent, the graphene oxide is added, no binder is added in the preparation process, the dispersibility is good, and the characteristic that the graphene can be oxidized to have a large specific surface area is utilized, so that the prepared aluminum lithium adsorbent has a large specific surface area and a large adsorption capacity, and the industrialization of the brine extraction lithium adsorbent is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of graphene oxide-aluminum composite lithium adsorbent-1
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the partially oxidized graphene composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent-1 circled in FIG. 1
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of graphene oxide-aluminum composite lithium adsorbent-2
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of the partially-circled graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent-2 in FIG. 3
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
Natural crystalline flake graphite is used as raw material, and the specific surface area of about 120 square meters per gram and 100 meshes is obtained by using Hummers methodOxidizing graphene for later use; weighing 20g of graphene oxide and 6g of AlCl3 & 6H2Adding 2g of lithium chloride into a glass-lined reaction vessel containing 40g of water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 15min, controlling the temperature of the water to be 40 ℃, starting stirring, adding 10mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropping time to be 15min, controlling the pH value to be 4.5 as a reaction endpoint, performing vacuum filtration, filtering, and naturally airing at 80 ℃ to obtain a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-1; taking 5g of brine, putting the brine into 200ml of brine mother liquor, and performing an adsorption experiment, wherein the adsorption quantity is 2.2mg/g through comprehensive calculation;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent prepared by the present invention, the adsorption groups are uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene oxide, and the microstructure is sea urchin-shaped, and has a large specific surface area and a large adsorption amount.
Example 2:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 150 square meters per gram and about 400 meshes by adopting a modified Hummers method for later use; weighing 10g of graphene oxide and 15g of AlCl3 & 6H2Adding 5g of lithium chloride into a steel-lined tetrafluoro reaction container with 20g of water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 60min, controlling the temperature of water to be 80 ℃, starting stirring, adding 1mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution, controlling the dripping time to be 60min, controlling the pH value to be 7.0 to be a reaction end point, performing vacuum filtration, filtering, and naturally airing to obtain a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-2; taking 5g of brine, putting the brine into 200ml of brine mother liquor, and performing an adsorption experiment, wherein the adsorption quantity is 4.5mg/g through comprehensive calculation;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the adsorption groups in the graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent prepared by the present invention are uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene oxide, and the microstructure of the graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent is sea urchin-shaped.
Example 3:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 110 square meters per gram and about 200 meshes by adopting a pre-oxidation-Hummers method for later use; weighing 8g of graphene oxide, 10g of AlCl3 and 3g of lithium hydroxide, adding the graphene oxide, the AlCl3 and the lithium hydroxide into a glass-lined reaction container with 15g of water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, controlling the temperature of the water to be 60 ℃, starting stirring, adding 3mol/L of lithium hydroxide solution, controlling the dripping time to be 60min, controlling the pH value to be 7.0 to be a reaction end point, then performing vacuum filtration, and performing vacuum thermal drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-3; 5g of the brine is put into 200ml of brine mother liquor for adsorption experiment, and the adsorption amount is obtained by comprehensive calculation and is 4.5 mg/g.
Example 4:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 125 square meters per gram and about 200 meshes by adopting a Hummers method for later use; weighing 8g of graphene oxide, 10g of AlCl3 and 3g of lithium hydroxide, adding the graphene oxide, the AlCl3 and the lithium hydroxide into a 15g water bidirectional non-reaction container, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, controlling the temperature of water to be 60 ℃, starting stirring, adding a 3mol/L lithium carbonate solution, controlling the dropping time to be 40min, controlling the pH value to be 5.0 to be a reaction end point, performing centrifugal filtration, and performing infrared drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-4; 5g of the brine is put into 200ml of brine mother liquor for adsorption experiment, and the adsorption amount is 3.8mg/g by comprehensive calculation.
Example 5:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 120 square meters per gram and about 200 meshes by adopting a Hummers method for later use; weighing 8g of graphene oxide, 10g of AlCl3 and 3g of lithium carbonate, adding the graphene oxide, the AlCl3 and the lithium carbonate into a glass-lined reaction container with 15g of water, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, controlling the temperature of the water to be 60 ℃, starting stirring, adding a 3mol/L lithium carbonate solution, controlling the dropping time to be 40min, controlling the pH value to be 5.0, and then taking the reaction as a reaction end point, performing mechanical filter pressing, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-5; 5g of the brine is put into 200ml of brine mother liquor for adsorption experiment, and the adsorption amount is 3.4mg/g by comprehensive calculation.
Example 6:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 120 square meters per gram and about 200 meshes by adopting a Hummers method for later use; weighing 8g of graphene oxide, 10g of AlCl3 and 1g of lithium sulfate, adding the graphene oxide, 10g of AlCl3 and 1g of lithium sulfate into a 15g of water glass-lined reaction vessel, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, controlling the temperature of water to be 60 ℃, starting stirring, adding 5mol/L of potassium hydroxide and 3mol/L of lithium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 20min, controlling the pH value to be 6.0, and then taking the reaction end point, performing mechanical filter pressing, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-6.
Example 7:
taking natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, and preparing graphene oxide with the specific surface area of 150 square meters per gram and about 200 meshes by using a Hummers method for later use; weighing 15g of graphene oxide, 13g of AlCl3, 1g of lithium sulfate and 2g of lithium carbonate, adding the materials into a glass-lined reaction container with 30g of water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40min, controlling the temperature of water to be 65 ℃, starting stirring, adding 5mol/L of ammonia water solution and 3mol/L of lithium hydroxide solution, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 20min, controlling the pH value to be 6.0, and then taking the reaction as the reaction end point, carrying out mechanical filter pressing, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent-6.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: weighing 8-20 parts of graphene oxide, 6-15 parts of aluminum chloride salt and 1-5 parts of lithium salt according to parts by weight, adding the materials into 15-40 parts of water, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 15-60 min; controlling the temperature of water to be 40-80 ℃, adding 1-10mol/L alkali liquor while stirring, controlling the adding time of the alkali liquor to be 15-60min, stopping adding the alkali liquor when the pH value of the solution is 4.5-7.0, finishing the reaction, and then filtering and drying to obtain the graphene oxide composite aluminum lithium adsorbent.
2. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the graphene oxide is prepared from natural crystalline flake graphite serving as a raw material, and the prepared graphene oxideThe specific surface area of the graphene is more than or equal to 100m2The grain diameter is 100-400 meshes.
3. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum chloride salt is AlCl3 & 6H2O or AlCl 3.
4. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lithium salt is one or more of lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium sulfate.
5. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali liquor is one or more of lithium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and ammonia water.
6. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali liquor is added dropwise or added in several times.
7. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filtration mode is centrifugal filtration, mechanical filter pressing or vacuum filtration.
8. The method for preparing a graphene oxide composite aluminum-based lithium adsorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying mode is natural drying, vacuum heat drying or infrared drying.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115155510A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-11 成都开飞高能化学工业有限公司 Preparation method of aluminum salt lithium extraction functional material
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