CN111322952A - High-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring looseness of high-strength bolt - Google Patents
High-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring looseness of high-strength bolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322952A CN111322952A CN202010164339.0A CN202010164339A CN111322952A CN 111322952 A CN111322952 A CN 111322952A CN 202010164339 A CN202010164339 A CN 202010164339A CN 111322952 A CN111322952 A CN 111322952A
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- strength bolt
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- monitoring
- sleeve
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011155 quantitative monitoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring looseness of a high-strength bolt, and belongs to the technical field of structural health monitoring. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the looseness of the high-strength bolt comprises a regular hexagonal prism sleeve, an annular metal hoop, a continuous optical fiber and a protection hose. The device is based on the principle that distributed optical fiber strain sensing technology and bolt looseness can cause optical fiber strain change, when the strain changes, the backward Rayleigh scattering spectrum of optical signals in the optical fiber can shift in frequency, the shift amount of the backward Rayleigh scattering spectrum is in direct proportion to the change amount of the strain, real-time, quantitative and nondestructive monitoring on the looseness of the high-strength bolt is achieved by monitoring the backward Rayleigh scattering spectrum frequency shift amount of the optical signals, therefore, early warning is timely carried out on the looseness damage of the high-strength bolt, and the safety of the structure is guaranteed. The invention has simple manufacture and low economic cost, greatly reduces the manual operation amount, is easy to disassemble and strong in applicability, and is convenient to be put into use on a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring loosening of a high-strength bolt of an engineering structure, belongs to the technical field of structural health monitoring, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring loosening of the high-strength bolt.
Background
The steel structure has the advantages of low cost, light dead weight, quick construction, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, so the steel structure is widely applied to industrial and civil buildings and bridge engineering, and is one of the most applied structural forms in the world at present. In a steel structure, common connection modes include bolt connection, weld joint connection and rivet connection, wherein high-strength bolt connection is the most widely applied connection mode of the steel structure due to the advantages of reliable connection, convenience in mounting and dismounting and the like. However, in practical engineering, the high-strength bolt is often loosened and damaged due to factors such as temperature cycle load, vibration, impact and corrosion, so that a great potential safety hazard exists in the structure. The loosening of the high-strength bolt can cause the failure of key parts or the whole structure and even cause catastrophic accidents, thereby causing huge economic loss and casualties. Therefore, the high-strength bolt with potential safety hazards is replaced for timely finding out the high-strength bolt, the safe operation and the health state of the structure are ensured, and the high-strength bolt is very necessary to be monitored and early-warned.
At present, common monitoring methods for the high-strength bolt looseness can be divided into a visual method and a sound making method. Wherein, the visual method is to observe whether the metal part is discolored or changed by naked eyes; the sound beating method is to beat a metal connecting part with a hammer and judge whether there is looseness or other abnormality from sound. However, both methods have the disadvantages of high labor cost, incapability of monitoring in real time for a long time and the like, and have strong dependence on technical experience, attitude, responsibility and the like of workers. In addition, at present, the vibration analysis, acoustic emission signal analysis, piezoelectric impedance theory and other methods which are researched by domestic and foreign scholars around bolt loosening monitoring are limited by various aspects such as installation conditions, field environment and the like, and are difficult to be applied in a large range in actual engineering at present.
In recent years, the optical fiber is highly regarded in structural health monitoring due to the advantages of small and light optical fiber, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, real-time monitoring, networking, reliable data and the like. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology takes optical fibers as sensing elements, based on the functional relation between the frequency spectrum information of backscattering signals of optical signals and external physical quantities to be measured, the backscattering signals are utilized to sense the physical information, the optical fiber sensing technology has extremely high resolution and sensitivity, can be applied to accurate sensing and structural health monitoring of small parts, and has a great development space in the field of bolt loosening damage monitoring.
Therefore, aiming at the monitoring of the looseness of the high-strength bolt in the engineering structure, the monitoring device which is highly sensitive, real-time and nondestructive is provided from a new technical angle, and therefore, the important guarantee is provided for the safe service of the engineering structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the looseness of a high-strength bolt, and aims to realize real-time monitoring of the looseness of the high-strength bolt and accurately judge the health state of a structure so as to ensure the safety of the structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring looseness of a high-strength bolt comprises a regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1, an annular metal hoop 2, a continuous optical fiber 3 and a protection hose 4;
the annular metal hoop 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1, and six edges of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 are fixed with the inner surface of the annular metal hoop 2 through welding;
the continuous optical fiber 3 surrounds the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 for one circle and is fixed on the outer side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 through epoxy resin adhesion;
the remaining part of the continuous optical fiber 3 which is not adhered to the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is sheathed and protected by a protective hose 4.
The top and the bottom of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 are open, the six peripheral side walls are rectangular elastic metal sheets, and the elastic metal sheets are made of stainless steel or copper or elastic materials.
The regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 are concentric and coaxial, and the bottom surfaces of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 are flush.
The bottom surface of the annular metal hoop 2 is used for being connected with a bolt connecting piece structure in a welding mode.
The height of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is higher than that of the annular metal hoop 2.
The sizes of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 are adjusted according to the size of a high-strength bolt (a large hexagon head high-strength bolt) to be actually measured, the height of a side edge of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is smaller than that of a nut side edge of the high-strength bolt to be measured, and the side length of the bottom surface of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is larger than that of the bottom surface of the nut of the high-strength bolt to be measured.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the high-strength bolt is divided into a large hexagon head high-strength bolt and a torsional shear type high-strength bolt, and in the application of an actual engineering structure, most of the high-strength bolts are large hexagon head high-strength bolts. The invention is designed aiming at monitoring the looseness of a large hexagon head high-strength bolt, the high-strength bolt is rotated due to the looseness of the high-strength bolt, the elastic metal sheet on the side wall of a regular hexagonal prism sleeve is deformed due to the rotation of the high-strength bolt, and further, an optical fiber adhered to the outer side of the elastic metal sheet is elongated and deformed. And analyzing the single side wall elastic metal sheet of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve, wherein the rotation angle of the high-strength bolt is theta, the width of the single side wall elastic metal sheet is l, the length of the corresponding optical fiber adhered to the outer side of the single side wall elastic metal sheet is also l, and the length of the optical fiber after the extension deformation is l'.
The bottom surface of the nut of the large hexagon head high-strength bolt is regular hexagon, the bottom surface of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve is also regular hexagon (OA ═ OC ═ AC ═ l), the regular hexagonal prism sleeve is sleeved on the nut, the gap between the two is very small (OA ≈ OB), the monitoring principle schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5, according to the cosine theorem, it can be known that,
each length l' of the elongated and deformed optical fiber is
Elongation deformation amount delta of each optical fiberlIs composed of
Each section of optical fiber has a strain epsilon of
Based on the Rayleigh scattering distributed optical fiber strain sensing principle, when strain changes, the backward Rayleigh scattering spectrum of an optical signal in the optical fiber shifts in frequency, and the magnitude of the shift is in direct proportion to the change magnitude of the strain, namely
v′＝v0+C·ε(6)
In the formula, v0And v' is the spectral frequency shift without strain and with strain, respectively; c is the strain coefficient (dv/d epsilon); ε is the strain.
Substituting the relation (5) into the relation (6) to obtain a relation between the spectral frequency shift and the rotation angle theta of the high-strength bolt, namely
Therefore, the spectrum frequency shift measured by the continuous optical fiber can be used for obtaining the rotating angle theta of the high-strength bolt according to the relation (7).
Therefore, based on the inventive principle, whether the high-strength bolt is loosened and the rotating angle theta can be calculated through the spectral frequency shift measured by the continuous optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes quantitative monitoring of the looseness of the high-strength bolt by monitoring the frequency shift quantity of the backward Rayleigh scattering spectrum of the optical signal.
(2) The invention is sensitive to the micro rotation of the high-strength bolt, and has high sensitivity and stable performance.
(3) The invention can monitor the loosening condition of the high-strength bolt in real time, online and without damage, thereby carrying out early warning maintenance on the structure safety.
(4) The invention can obtain the physical information of any point on the continuous optical fiber by single measurement without embedding a grating, and has very high resolution.
(5) The invention has simple manufacture and low economic cost, greatly reduces the manual operation amount, is easy to disassemble and strong in applicability, and is convenient to be put into use on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-sensitivity smart ferrule for monitoring loosening of a high-strength bolt according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of a high-sensitivity smart ferrule for monitoring loosening of high-strength bolts according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B cross-section of the high-sensitivity smart ferrule of the present invention for monitoring loosening of high-strength bolts;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the placement of the present invention as applied to actual high-strength bolt loosening monitoring;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the monitoring principle of the present invention.
In the figure: 1, a regular hexagonal prism sleeve; 2 an annular ferrule; 3 a continuous optical fiber; 4, protecting the hose; 5, a high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the looseness of the high-strength bolt; 6, a nut of the high-strength bolt; 7 bolt connection structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring loosening of a high-strength bolt provided by the invention comprises a regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1, an annular metal hoop 2, a continuous optical fiber 3 and a protection hose 4;
the annular metal hoop 2 is sleeved outside the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1, and six edges of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 are fixed with the annular metal hoop 2 through welding;
the continuous optical fiber 3 surrounds the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 for one circle and is fixed on the outer side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 through epoxy resin adhesion;
the rest part of the continuous optical fiber 3 which is not adhered to the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is protected by an outer sleeve of a protective hose 4;
the top and the bottom of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 are open, the six peripheral side walls are rectangular elastic metal sheets, and the elastic metal sheets can be made of stainless steel, copper and the like;
the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 are concentric and coaxial, and the bottom surfaces of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 are flush;
the bottom surface of the annular metal hoop 2 is used for being connected with a bolt connecting piece structure in a welding mode;
the height of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is higher than that of the annular metal hoop 2;
the sizes of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 and the annular metal hoop 2 can be adjusted according to the size of a high-strength bolt with a large hexagon head of a high-strength bolt to be actually measured, the height of a lateral edge of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is slightly smaller than that of a nut lateral edge of the high-strength bolt to be measured, and the length of the bottom side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve 1 is slightly larger than that of the bottom side of the nut of the high-strength bolt to be measured.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring loosening of a high-strength bolt is characterized by comprising a regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1), an annular metal hoop (2), a continuous optical fiber (3) and a protective hose (4);
the annular metal hoop (2) is sleeved on the outer side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1), and six edges of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) are fixed with the inner surface of the annular metal hoop (2) through welding;
the continuous optical fiber (3) surrounds the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) for one circle and is fixed on the outer side of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) through epoxy resin;
the continuous optical fiber (3) is not adhered to the rest part of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) and is protected by the outer sleeve of the protective hose (4).
2. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top and the bottom of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) are open, the six surrounding side walls are all rectangular elastic metal sheets, and the elastic metal sheets are made of stainless steel or copper or elastic materials.
3. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) and the annular metal hoop (2) are concentric and coaxial, and the bottom surfaces of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) and the annular metal hoop (2) are flush.
4. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom surface of the annular metal hoop (2) is used for welding connection with a bolt connector structure.
5. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bottom surface of the annular metal hoop (2) is used for welding connection with a bolt connector structure.
6. The high-sensitivity smart ferrule for monitoring loosening of high-strength bolts as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the height of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) is higher than that of the annular metal ferrule (2).
7. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of high-strength bolts as claimed in claim 3, wherein the height of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) is higher than that of the annular metal hoop (2).
8. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of high-strength bolts as claimed in claim 4, wherein the height of the regular hexagonal prism sleeve (1) is higher than that of the annular metal hoop (2).
9. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt according to claim 1, 2, 5, 7 or 8, wherein the sizes of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) and the annular metal hoop (2) are adjusted according to the size of the actual high-strength bolt to be measured, the height of the lateral edge of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) is less than that of the nut lateral edge of the high-strength bolt to be measured, and the side length of the bottom surface of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) is greater than that of the nut bottom surface of the high-strength bolt to be measured.
10. The high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring the loosening of the high-strength bolt as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sizes of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) and the annular metal hoop (2) are adjusted according to the size of the actual high-strength bolt to be detected, the height of the side edge of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) is less than that of the nut of the high-strength bolt to be detected, and the length of the bottom side of the regular hexagonal cylinder sleeve (1) is greater than that of the bottom side of the nut of the high-strength bolt to be detected.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010164339.0A CN111322952B (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | A high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring high-strength bolt looseness |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010164339.0A CN111322952B (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | A high-sensitivity intelligent hoop for monitoring high-strength bolt looseness |
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| CN111322952A true CN111322952A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| CN111322952B CN111322952B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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2020
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| CN111322952B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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