CN111322334B - High-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring - Google Patents
High-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322334B CN111322334B CN202010158213.2A CN202010158213A CN111322334B CN 111322334 B CN111322334 B CN 111322334B CN 202010158213 A CN202010158213 A CN 202010158213A CN 111322334 B CN111322334 B CN 111322334B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
- B61H5/00—Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D69/0408—Attachment of linings specially adapted for plane linings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/001—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/003—Position, angle or speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
- F16D2069/0433—Connecting elements not integral with the braking member, e.g. bolts, rivets
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction braking, and particularly relates to a high-speed train braking system integrating interface and loading optimization and fault monitoring. The method improves the defects that the surface modification of friction particles on a brake pad is single, the stress is concentrated in the braking process, the heat distribution of a braking interface is not uniform, and a fault troubleshooting function is added to the braking system in the prior art. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the idea of carrying out different surface modification combinations on the friction particles is provided, and the advantages of various surface modifications are comprehensively utilized; optimizing the installation direction of the friction particles; optimizing a loading device; an intelligent monitoring system is added for the braking system to carry out fault on-line monitoring. The invention organically combines the advantages of the friction particles with different surface modification combinations, thereby realizing the reliability, safety and comfort of the braking of the high-speed train; the health degree and the problems of the brake system are pre-judged by monitoring various parameters of the brake system in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction braking, and particularly relates to a high-speed train braking system integrating interface and loading optimization and fault monitoring.
Background
High-speed trains usually employ a disc brake system, in which a brake disc is mounted on an axle or on a side of a wheel web, two brake pads made of synthetic material are pressed against the side of the brake disc by a brake caliper, and the train stops moving forward by generating a braking force through friction. The braking mode can greatly reduce the thermal load and mechanical abrasion of the wheel tread because the acting force is not on the wheel tread. In addition, the disc brake has large friction area, stable braking and good braking effect. With the rapid development of national economy, the running speed of a high-speed train is increased day by day, the highest operation speed is continuously broken through, and stricter requirements on the safety and the reliability of a disc brake system are provided; meanwhile, people pay more attention to the comfort of train riding due to the improvement of living standard. Therefore, the optimal design is developed aiming at the safety, the reliability and the comfort of the braking system, and the method has important engineering practical application significance.
At present, friction particles with different surface finishes, such as porous friction particles, nonporous friction particles and the like, exist in a brake pad in a brake system. However, the existing research already shows that the friction particles with different surface modifications have obvious differences in various expression forms of the braking performance, so that the brake pad structure cannot meet various performance requirements by simply adopting one type of surface-modified friction particles.
The optimization scheme of the existing brake system rarely relates to a combination mode of different surface modifications of friction particles in a brake pad structure, the friction speed borne by the outermost friction particles on the brake pad is the maximum, high-strength impact is brought to the outermost friction particles, interface abrasion and crack initiation are aggravated, a large-area severe abrasion area is caused, the continuous and violent vibration phenomenon of the interface can be caused by the high-strength impact, and high-frequency and high-strength squeal noise is excited. The number of particles arranged in the outermost layer thereof is also the largest, resulting in the largest contact area of the region with the brake disc. Compared with the inner layer, the grinding time is greatly prolonged. By combining different surface modifications on the friction particles, the advantages of different surface modifications can be comprehensively utilized, the wear characteristics and contact pressure distribution of the surfaces of the friction particles are improved, and the heat distribution of a braking interface is improved.
Meanwhile, the influence of the arrangement mode of the cut-in ends of the brake pad friction particles on the braking performance is less considered. The installation direction of friction particles of the existing brake system is irregular, and the influence of the installation direction on the brake performance is considered by less friction particles. Generally, a brake pad of a high-speed train is composed of a plurality of friction particles, and considering that the friction particles have various installation directions on the brake pad, the friction particles firstly slide through one end of a brake disc to present different cut-in characteristics, and the influence on the characteristics of a braking interface is large. The cut-in end of the friction particle has a stress concentration phenomenon, and particularly when the cut-in end of the friction particle is two sides of one corner, the stress concentration in the area near the corner of the cut-in end of the friction particle is more obvious, so that a brake system generates high-intensity vibration noise and a local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of the friction particle is caused.
The loading force of the loading device of the existing brake system is provided by a hydraulic system, and the loading device is connected with a brake pad back plate in a welding mode. And only two connecting points are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the back plate, and the loading force is transmitted to the brake pad structure through the two connecting points to press the friction particles on the brake disc interface so as to force the brake disc to stop rotating. In the connection mode, the loading force is transmitted to the friction interface through a small area, so that the stress distribution of the friction interface is easily uneven in the braking process, and the friction particle interface at the position corresponding to the connection position has a phenomenon of large stress, so that the braking system generates high-strength vibration noise, the local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of the friction particle is caused, and the braking performance and the driving safety are seriously influenced.
The brake system is the last ring to ensure the safe operation of the high-speed train. The friction performance parameters of the brake system are directly related to the brake performance, and the safety and reliability of the braking process are seriously influenced. Abnormal variation of various parameters in the brake system often increases the tendency of brake accidents. The existing brake system is almost not provided with an intelligent monitoring system, can not monitor various state parameters of the brake system in real time on line, and can not quickly diagnose and forecast possible brake faults.
The above discussion illustrates the problems with current braking systems that can cause severe noise pollution during train braking, harm to passengers and the physical and mental health of residents along the way, and greatly shorten the service life of brake pads, possibly even cause braking accidents, and reduce the operating efficiency and economic benefits of trains. Therefore, the research and development of a novel high-speed rail braking system has important engineering application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring, and aims to provide a high-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring, which comprises the following steps: the idea of carrying out different surface modification combinations on the friction particles is provided, and the advantages of various surface modifications are comprehensively utilized; optimizing the installation direction of the friction particles; optimizing a loading device; an intelligent monitoring system is added for the braking system to carry out fault on-line monitoring. The invention organically combines the advantages of the friction particles with different surface modification combinations, thereby realizing the reliability, safety and comfort of the braking of the high-speed train; the health degree and the problems of the brake system are pre-judged by monitoring various parameters of the brake system in real time. The brake reliability and safety are ensured, the service life of the brake pad is prolonged, and the production and operation cost is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a high-speed train braking system who fuses interface and loading optimization and fault monitoring, includes brake disc, brake lining structure and loading device, loading device and brake lining structural connection, brake lining structure and brake disc cooperation, brake lining structure includes brake lining backplate, be provided with several friction particle on the brake lining backplate, several friction particle adopts several surface modification.
After adopting this technical scheme, brake lining friction particle integrated configuration has been optimized, adopt the friction particle combination of different surface modification, can combine the advantage that adopts the friction particle of different surface modification, make the braking system of high-speed train can guarantee braking reliability and security, possess the damping simultaneously and fall and reduce the friction ability, reduce the noise pollution of environment, bring comfortable experience by bus for the passenger, and can prolong the life of brake lining, thereby production and operation cost have been reduced, bring higher operating efficiency for the national transportation cause.
Preferably, the plurality of surface modifications comprise openings, chamfers, furrows, or the like.
The performance of vibration and noise reduction, friction heat distribution and the like can be improved by perforating the friction particles; stress concentration can be avoided by chamfering the friction particles, so that the temperature of the disc surface is more uniform, the interface heat distribution is effectively improved, and the abrasion is slowed down; ditching the friction particles can interrupt the continuous self-excited vibration of the friction particles. Through the combination of the friction particles with different surface finishes, the advantages of the friction particles with different surface finishes can be organically combined, so that the braking system of the high-speed train can ensure the braking reliability and safety, and has the capabilities of vibration reduction, noise reduction and abrasion reduction, and the noise pollution of the environment is reduced.
Preferably, the friction particles include nonporous friction particles and porous friction particles.
Under a certain working condition, the performance of the porous friction particles in vibration reduction and noise reduction is obviously higher than that of the non-porous friction particles, the porous friction particles are also better than the non-porous friction particles in friction heat distribution, but the contact area, the heat capacity and the service life of the non-porous friction particles are better than those of the porous friction particles.
Preferably, the apertured friction particles are located on the outside and/or cut-in end of the brake pad backing plate.
After adopting this preferred scheme, optimized the friction particle mode of arranging, through arranging the friction particle of different surface modification in a flexible way, cut into the end at the brake lining and be provided with porose friction particle, set up sclausura friction particle in the brake lining region that strikes and wearing and tearing are more mitigateing, grind the outmost porose friction particle that is provided with of brake lining that relative speed is great and the opposite grinding time is longer to constitute novel brake lining structure. And further, the advantages of the friction particles in various shapes can be better integrated, and more excellent braking performance is achieved. The brake system of the high-speed train can ensure the brake reliability, shorten the brake distance and ensure the safety of passengers, and simultaneously has the capabilities of vibration reduction, noise reduction and wear reduction, thereby comprehensively improving the safety, reliability and comfort of the brake system.
Preferably, one side of the friction particle facing the cutting direction is perpendicular to the tangential direction of the brake disk.
After adopting this preferred scheme, the rotation direction of friction particle's a limit to the brake disc to it is perpendicular with the tangential direction of brake disc, avoid the friction to appear in the bight of friction particle, can reduce high strength, high-frequency scream noise, and through the installation angle who optimizes the brake lining, enable interface contact pressure and obtain the dispersion effectively, avoid stress concentration, make quotation temperature more even, can reduce vibration noise and effectively improve interface heat distribution to a certain extent, slow down wearing and tearing, reach certain damping and noise reduction effect.
Preferably, the loading device comprises a loading connecting frame and a loading thrust frame, the loading thrust frame is hinged to the loading connecting frame, the loading thrust frame is connected with a loading connecting rod, a loading buffer block is arranged on the brake pad back plate, and the loading connecting rod is connected with the loading buffer block.
The loading connecting rod of the existing braking system is directly installed on the upper surface of the back plate of the brake pad, so that the contact area is small, the distribution of the loading force is too concentrated, the loading buffer block can play an important role in adjusting and transition in the transmission process of the loading force, the original contact area is enlarged by more than one time, the phenomenon of concentration of the loading force is avoided, the loading force is uniformly distributed on the interfaces of all friction particles, the braking reliability and safety are further improved, the stress distribution condition of the contact interfaces can be adjusted, the vibration reduction and noise reduction are realized, and the service life of the braking system is prolonged.
Preferably, the system further comprises an intelligent monitoring system, wherein the intelligent monitoring system comprises a signal collection processing system and a signal display system, and the signal collection processing system is connected with the signal display system through wireless signals.
After adopting this preferred scheme, intelligent monitoring system can real-time on-line monitoring braking system's each item state parameter to can diagnose fast and forecast the braking trouble that probably appears, and store fault information automatically, treat that maintenance personal needs show on the screen with the characters form, carry out complicated troubleshooting when avoiding equipment maintenance, the maintenance personal of being convenient for knows braking system's health degree and problem fast, and then develop the maintenance of pertinence to specific problem, avoid the emergence of braking accident effectively from the technical aspect, and improve equipment maintenance efficiency.
Preferably, the signal collection and processing system comprises one or more of a rotation speed sensor, a torque sensor, a temperature sensor, a three-way force sensor, a sound collection device, a thermal imager or a three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor.
After the optimal scheme is adopted, the signal collecting and processing system can collect information such as the rotating speed, the torque, the temperature, the vibration and the noise of the braking system, comprehensively monitor the braking system, facilitate the extraction of three friction fault characteristic parameters including the friction coefficient, the friction temperature rise and the friction noise, classify and level the faults of the braking system according to the parameters, and generate the system health degree and the fault information.
Preferably, the temperature sensor and the sound collection device are mounted on the brake pad backing plate.
The temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature rise change signals of a contact interface of the friction particles and the brake disc, the sound collecting device is used for collecting noise signals of the brake system, the noise signals comprise noise sound pressure and noise frequency, the signal collecting and processing system can extract friction fault characteristic parameters conveniently, and accordingly faults of the brake system are classified and graded.
Preferably, the three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor is mounted on a brake pad backing plate.
The three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor is used for collecting normal, tangential and radial vibration acceleration signals of friction particles, so that a signal collection and processing system can extract friction fault characteristic parameters conveniently, and the faults of the braking system can be classified and graded accordingly.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the brake pad friction particle composite structure is optimized, the friction particle combination with different surface decoration is adopted, the advantages of the friction particles with different surface decoration can be organically combined, the brake system of the high-speed train can guarantee brake reliability and safety, the brake system has the vibration reduction and noise reduction capabilities, the noise pollution of the environment is reduced, comfortable riding experience is brought to passengers, the service life of the brake pad can be prolonged, the production and operation cost is reduced, and higher operation efficiency is brought to the national transportation career.
2. The performance of vibration and noise reduction, friction heat distribution and the like can be improved by perforating the friction particles; stress concentration can be avoided by chamfering the friction particles, so that the temperature of the disc surface is more uniform, the interface heat distribution is effectively improved, and the abrasion is slowed down; ditching the friction particles can interrupt the continuous self-excited vibration of the friction particles. Through the combination of the friction particles with different surface finishes, the advantages of the friction particles with different surface finishes can be organically combined, so that the braking system of the high-speed train can ensure the braking reliability and safety, and has the capabilities of vibration reduction, noise reduction and abrasion reduction, and the noise pollution of the environment is reduced.
3. Under a certain working condition, the performance of the porous friction particles in vibration reduction and noise reduction is obviously higher than that of the nonporous friction particles, the friction heat distribution of the porous friction particles is also better than that of the nonporous friction particles, but the contact area, the heat capacity and the service life of the nonporous friction particles are better than that of the porous friction particles.
4. The friction particle arrangement mode is optimized, friction particles with different surface modifications are flexibly arranged, the brake lining cut-in end is provided with the porous friction particles, the brake lining area with mild impact and abrasion is provided with the non-porous friction particles, and the outermost layer of the brake lining with large opposite-grinding relative speed and long opposite-grinding time is provided with the porous friction particles to form a novel brake lining structure. And further, the advantages of the friction particles in various shapes can be better integrated, and more excellent braking performance is achieved. The brake system of the high-speed train can ensure the brake reliability, shorten the brake distance and ensure the safety of passengers, and simultaneously has the capabilities of vibration reduction, noise reduction and wear reduction, thereby comprehensively improving the safety, reliability and comfort of the brake system.
5. One side of friction particle faces the direction of rotation of brake disc to it is perpendicular with the tangential direction of brake disc, avoid the friction to appear in the bight of friction particle, can reduce high strength, high-frequency scream noise, and through the installation angle who optimizes the brake lining, enable interface contact pressure to obtain the dispersion effectively, avoid stress concentration, make quotation temperature more even, can reduce vibration noise and effectively improve interface heat distribution to a certain extent, slow down wearing and tearing, reach certain damping noise reduction effect.
6. The loading buffer block can play an important role in adjusting and transition in the transmission process of the loading force, the original contact area is enlarged by more than one time, so that the phenomenon of loading force concentration is avoided, the loading force is uniformly distributed on the interfaces of all friction particles, the braking reliability and safety are further improved, the stress distribution condition of the contact interfaces can be adjusted, vibration and noise are reduced, and the service life of a braking system is prolonged.
7. The intelligent monitoring system can monitor various state parameters of the braking system in real time on line, so that braking faults which possibly occur can be rapidly diagnosed and forecasted, fault information is automatically stored, maintenance personnel can display the fault information on a screen in a text mode when needed, complex troubleshooting is avoided during equipment maintenance, the maintenance personnel can conveniently and rapidly know the health degree and the problems of the braking system, targeted fault maintenance is carried out on specific problems, braking accidents are effectively avoided from a technical level, and the equipment maintenance efficiency is improved.
8. The signal collecting and processing system can collect information such as the rotating speed, the torque, the temperature, the vibration and the noise of the brake system, comprehensively monitor the brake system, facilitate the extraction of three friction fault characteristic parameters including the friction coefficient, the friction temperature rise and the friction noise, classify and level the brake system faults according to the three friction fault characteristic parameters, and generate system health degree and fault information.
9. The temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature rise change signals of a contact interface of the friction particles and the brake disc, the sound collecting device is used for collecting noise signals of the brake system, the noise signals comprise noise sound pressure and noise frequency, the signal collecting and processing system can extract friction fault characteristic parameters conveniently, and accordingly faults of the brake system are classified and graded.
10. The three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor is used for collecting normal, tangential and radial vibration acceleration signals of friction particles, so that a signal collection and processing system can extract friction fault characteristic parameters conveniently, and the faults of the braking system can be classified and graded accordingly.
Drawings
The invention will be described by way of the following examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a brake pad backing plate and a loading buffer block according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of friction particles of the brake pad of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another arrangement of brake pad friction particles according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a friction particle mounting connection in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation angle of friction particles in the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation angle of the friction particles in the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent fault monitoring system of the present invention.
The brake comprises a brake disc 1, a brake pad backing plate 2, a loading connecting rod 3, a loading buffer block 4, a loading connecting frame 5, a loading thrust frame 6, friction particles 7, perforated friction particles 701, nonporous friction particles 702, a friction particle support 8, a guide shaft 9, a spring collar 10, a mounting hole 11, a first counter bore 12, a second counter bore 13, a damping support pad 14, a signal collecting and processing system 15 and a signal display system 16.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of mutually exclusive features and/or steps, and are not limited to the embodiments described below.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
Example one
The utility model provides a high-speed train braking system who fuses interface and loading optimization and fault monitoring, includes brake disc 1, brake lining structure and loading device, loading device and brake lining structural connection, brake lining structure and the cooperation of brake disc 1, brake lining structure includes brake lining backplate 2, be provided with several friction particle 7 on the brake lining backplate 2, several friction particle 7 adopts several surface finish. The surface modification includes opening, chamfering, or grooving the surface of the friction particle 7. In this embodiment, the friction particles 7 having both surface modifications of chamfer and open pore are used. In the embodiment, the brake pad back plate 2 is bilaterally symmetrical in structure, is arc-like in shape and is formed by punching a steel material.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the number of the friction particles 7 is ten, six of them are porous friction particles 701, the porous friction particles 701 are triangular and are subjected to open pore and chamfer surface modification, the remaining four are non-porous friction particles 702, and the non-porous friction particles 702 are triangular and are subjected to chamfer surface modification. The six porous friction particles 701 are arranged on the outer layer of the brake pad back plate 2 with high relative speed and impact; four non-porous friction particles 702 are disposed in the inner layer of the brake pad backing plate 2 where the relative velocity and impact are small. Research shows that the porous friction particles 701 are obviously superior to the non-porous friction particles 702 in the performance of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and are also superior to the non-porous friction particles 702 in the friction heat distribution, but the non-porous friction particles 702 are superior to the porous friction particles 701 in the contact area, heat capacity and service life. The advantages of different surface modification friction particles 7 are organically combined, the porous friction particles 701 are arranged on the outermost layer of the brake pad with the relatively high grinding speed, the phenomenon of serious abrasion in the braking process can be reduced as much as possible, abrasive dust accumulation is avoided, the stability of the system braking process is improved, and the good vibration reduction and noise reduction effects are achieved. Set up sclausura friction particle 702 in the region that the impact is more relaxed, it can avoid stress concentration to a certain extent, guarantees that friction interface closely laminates, increase area of contact and thermal capacity, increase of service life to further promote braking efficiency, reduce braking distance, further improve high-speed train's security and reliability, and then guarantee passenger's journey safety. In this embodiment, the friction particles 7 include non-porous friction particles 702 and porous friction particles 701, and other surface modification combinations may be adopted according to the use requirement.
In this embodiment, one side of the friction particles 7 facing the cutting direction is perpendicular to the tangential direction of the brake disc 1. As shown in fig. 6, the installation direction of the friction particles 7 in the prior art is irregular, and the arrow direction in the figure is the friction direction. Stress concentration occurs at the cut-in end (i.e. the end facing the cut-in direction) of the friction particles, and particularly, when the cut-in end is two sides of one corner, the stress concentration at the corner of the cut-in end is more obvious, so that high-intensity vibration noise is generated in a brake system, and a local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of the friction particles is caused.
As shown in fig. 7, in order to prevent the sharp corner of the friction particle 7 from appearing in the friction direction, at the cut end (end facing the cut direction) of the friction particle 7, the friction particle 7 always keeps one side facing the cut direction perpendicular to the tangential direction of the brake disk 1. The arrangement can effectively disperse the interface contact pressure, reduce the stress concentration degree, make the temperature of the disk surface more uniform and reduce the squeal noise tendency with high strength and high frequency.
A plurality of mounting holes 11 are formed in the brake pad back plate 2, and the number of the mounting holes 11 is the same as that of the friction particles 7. The guide shaft 9 is arranged in the mounting hole 11, the first counter bore 12 and the second counter bore 13 are arranged at two ends of the mounting hole 11, the spring retainer ring 10 and the friction particle supporting body 8 are connected to two ends of the guide shaft 9 respectively, the friction particle supporting body 8 is connected with the friction particles 7, and the spring retainer ring 10 is located in the second counter bore 13 and used for fixing the guide shaft 9. The first counterbore 12 is provided with a damping support pad 14 for resisting pressure transmitted by the friction particles 7 together with the friction particle support body 8. In this embodiment, the friction particles 7 are made of a copper-based powder metallurgy material, and the spring collar 3 is made of a spring steel material. The friction particles 7, the friction particle support body 8 and the guide shaft 9 are integrated through high-temperature sintering.
The loading device comprises a loading connecting frame 5 and a loading thrust frame 6, the loading thrust frame 6 is hinged to the loading connecting frame 5, the loading thrust frame 6 is connected with a loading connecting rod 3, a loading buffer block 4 shaped like a boss is arranged on the brake pad back plate 2, and the loading connecting rod 3 is connected with the loading buffer block 4.
In the prior art, when the loading connecting rod 3 is directly installed on the upper surface of the brake pad back plate 2, the distribution of the loading force is too concentrated due to the small contact area, so that the high-strength vibration noise is generated in a braking system, the local high temperature phenomenon on the surface of friction particles is caused, and the braking performance and the driving safety are seriously influenced. In this embodiment, loading connecting rod 3 passes through high temperature welding at the upper surface of loading buffer block 4, and loading buffer block 4 passes through high temperature welding at the upper surface of brake pad backplate 2, and brake pad backplate 2, loading buffer block 4 and 3 three of loading connecting rod constitute wholly. The loading buffer block 4 is small in size towards one side of the loading connecting rod 3, large in size towards one side of the brake pad back plate 2, and capable of achieving adjusting and transition effects in the process of transferring loading force, the contact area of the loading connecting rod 3 and the brake pad back plate 2 is enlarged by more than one time, so that the phenomenon of concentrated loading force is avoided, the loading force is uniformly distributed on the interface of each friction particle, the braking reliability and safety are further improved, the stress distribution condition of the contact interface can be adjusted, vibration and noise are reduced, and the service life of the brake pad is prolonged.
As shown in FIG. 8, the intelligent monitoring system is added in the braking system to predict the health degree and problems of the braking system. The intelligent monitoring system mainly comprises a signal collection processing system 15 and a signal display system 16. And a three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor is arranged on the brake pad back plate 2 and is used for acquiring normal, tangential and radial vibration acceleration signals of the friction particles 7. The brake pad back plate 2 is provided with a sound collecting device and is used for collecting noise signals of a brake system, wherein the noise signals comprise noise sound pressure and noise frequency. The collected signals are sent to the signal collecting and processing system 15 through the wireless signal transmitter of the signal collecting and processing system 15, the signal collecting and processing system 15 can automatically run a set program (the program belongs to the prior art), friction failure characteristic parameters of friction coefficients and friction noises are extracted, and accordingly, faults of the brake system are classified and graded, and system health degree and fault information are generated. The fault information is sent to the signal display system 16 by the wireless signal transmitter of the signal collection processing system 15, the signal display system 16 stores the system health degree and the fault information, so that the monitoring center and maintenance personnel can conveniently check the fault information at any time, and the information can be presented on the screen of the signal display system 16 in a text form to inform the system of the system health degree and the fault information.
In this embodiment, the signal collection and processing system 15 includes one or more of a rotation speed sensor, a torque sensor, a temperature sensor, a three-way force sensor, a sound collection device, a thermal imager, or a three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor.
Example two
The present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that:
as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the number of the friction particles 7 is ten, four of the friction particles are porous friction particles 701, the porous friction particles 701 are triangular and are subjected to open pore and chamfer surface modification, the remaining six friction particles 702 are non-porous friction particles 702, and the non-porous friction particles 702 are triangular and are subjected to chamfer surface modification. The four porous friction particles 701 are located at the cut-in end (i.e., the end facing the cut-in direction) of the brake pad backing plate 2, and the six non-porous friction particles 702 are located at the middle of the brake pad backing plate 2.
An intelligent monitoring system added in the brake system can also acquire a temperature rise change signal of a contact interface of the friction particles 7 and the brake disc 1. The brake pad back plate 2 is provided with a temperature sensor and used for collecting temperature rise change signals of a contact interface of the friction particles 7 and the brake disc 1, the collected signals are sent to a signal collecting and processing system 15 through a wireless signal transmitter of the signal collecting and processing system 15, the signal collecting and processing system 15 can automatically run a set program (the program belongs to the prior art), three friction fault characteristic parameters including friction coefficient, friction temperature rise and friction noise are extracted, and accordingly, the faults of the brake system are classified and graded, and system health degree and fault information are generated. The fault information is sent to the signal display system 16 by the wireless signal transmitter of the signal collection processing system 15, the signal display system 16 stores the system health degree and the fault information, so that the monitoring center and maintenance personnel can conveniently check the fault information at any time, and the information can be presented on the screen of the signal display system 16 in a text form to inform the system of the system health degree and the fault information.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed train braking system who fuses interface and loading optimization and fault monitoring which characterized in that: including brake disc (1), brake lining structure and loading device, loading device and brake lining structural connection, brake lining structure and brake disc (1) cooperation, brake lining structure includes brake lining backplate (2), be provided with several friction particle (7) on brake lining backplate (2), several friction particle (7) adopt several surface modification, friction particle (7) include sclausura friction particle (702) and porose friction particle (701), porose friction particle (701) are located the outside of brake lining backplate (2) and/or cut into the end.
2. A high speed train braking system incorporating interface and load optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 1 wherein said plurality of surface modifications include openings, chamfers or gouges.
3. A high speed train braking system incorporating interface and load optimisation and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 1 wherein one side of the friction particles (7) facing the cut-in direction is perpendicular to the tangential direction of the brake disc (1).
4. The high-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loading device comprises a loading connecting frame (5) and a loading thrust frame (6), the loading thrust frame (6) is hinged to the loading connecting frame (5), the loading thrust frame (6) is connected with a loading connecting rod (3), a loading buffer block (4) is arranged on the brake pad back plate (2), and the loading connecting rod (3) is connected with the loading buffer block (4).
5. The high-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an intelligent monitoring system, wherein the intelligent monitoring system comprises a signal collection processing system (15) and a signal display system (16), and the signal collection processing system (15) is connected with the signal display system (16) through wireless signals.
6. A high speed train braking system incorporating interface and load optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 5 wherein said signal collection processing system (15) includes one or more of a tachometer, a torque sensor, a temperature sensor, a three-way force sensor, a sound collection device, a thermal imager or a three-dimensional vibration acceleration sensor.
7. A high speed train braking system incorporating interface and load optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 6 wherein the temperature sensor and sound collection device are mounted on the brake pad backing plate (2).
8. A high speed train braking system incorporating interface and load optimization and fault monitoring as claimed in claim 6 wherein the three dimensional vibration acceleration sensor is mounted on the brake pad backing plate (2).
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| CN202010158213.2A CN111322334B (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | High-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring |
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| CN202010158213.2A CN111322334B (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | High-speed train braking system integrating interface, loading optimization and fault monitoring |
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| CN111322334B true CN111322334B (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2345505A1 (en) * | 1973-09-08 | 1975-03-20 | Bergische Stahlindustrie | Vehicle disc brake pad - with ferromagnetic protrusions on the lining rear sticking to corresponding magnets on the lining holder |
| JPS56167935A (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1981-12-23 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Friction member |
| CN101975234B (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-07-04 | 常州南车铁马科技实业有限公司 | Train brake lining with adjuster |
| CN203146655U (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-08-21 | 北京天宜上佳新材料有限公司 | Combined floating type brake pad |
| CN104006098A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-27 | 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | motor train unit foundation brake device suitable for high and cold environment |
| DE102016100454A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Brake pad for disc brakes of rail vehicles |
| DE102016103396B4 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2022-09-15 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Disc brake pad and brake pad set |
| US20170328425A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Hyperloop Technologies, Inc. | Friction braking system |
| KR101941233B1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-04-08 | 주식회사 다윈프릭션 | Brake pad |
| CN110159674A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 | Intelligent brake clamp for rail traffic vehicles |
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2020
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