CN111321402A - Process method for repairing abrasion of 52-meter numerical control milling spindle taper hole by using laser cladding technology - Google Patents
Process method for repairing abrasion of 52-meter numerical control milling spindle taper hole by using laser cladding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111321402A CN111321402A CN202010360052.5A CN202010360052A CN111321402A CN 111321402 A CN111321402 A CN 111321402A CN 202010360052 A CN202010360052 A CN 202010360052A CN 111321402 A CN111321402 A CN 111321402A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and discloses a process method for repairing wear of a taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using a laser cladding technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, polishing a wear part of a spindle taper hole to remove a fatigue layer; s2, cleaning oil stains on a part to be repaired by adopting industrial alcohol until the part to be repaired has metallic luster; s3, determining the amount to be repaired by using a standard test bar; s4, clamping the main shaft on a slewing mechanism, and controlling the jumping not to exceed 0.1 mm; s5, laser cladding; s6, testing before machining; and S7, machining. The process method effectively solves the problem that the workpiece is completely scrapped due to easy generation of hot cracks in the traditional welding process. The hardness of the repaired cladding layer of the spindle taper hole is improved by more than 15 percent, and the service performance is improved by more than 2 times compared with a new product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly relates to a process method for repairing wear of a taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using a laser cladding technology.
Background
In the prior art, the numerical control main shaft inner hole repairing method relates to 52-meter numerical control main shaft inner hole repairing, the single side of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft inner hole abrasion loss is about 0.5mm, the surface of a workpiece is quenched, the surface hardness is high, the precision requirement is high, the traditional welding method cannot meet the repairing requirement, a customer conducts scrapping treatment after a general numerical control main shaft is abraded to a certain degree, and due to the fact that the numerical control main shaft is high in value, great resource waste is caused after scrapping.
In recent years, with the continuous emergence of high-power and high-performance laser processing equipment, laser cladding and laser rapid prototyping technologies closely related to additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies increasingly attract high attention from all countries in the world, and are rapidly developed in various fields such as automobiles, energy sources, electronics, aerospace, heavy machinery and the like.
Therefore, the characteristics of the laser cladding technology can be combined, and how to creatively apply the laser cladding technology to the repair work of the inner hole of the numerical control spindle is researched, so that the method is significant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention aims to provide a process method for repairing the abrasion of a taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using a laser cladding technology.
The invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
a process method for repairing 52 m numerical control milling spindle taper hole abrasion by using a laser cladding technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing a wear part of a spindle taper hole to remove a fatigue layer;
s2, cleaning oil stains on a part to be repaired by adopting industrial alcohol until the part to be repaired has metallic luster;
s3, determining the amount to be repaired by using a standard test bar;
the standard test rod is a solid conical rod with the same size as the conical hole of the main shaft, the test rod is inserted into the conical hole to be repaired to enable the test rod and the conical hole to be tightly sealed, the sinking height of the test rod is recorded, and the amount to be repaired can be calculated according to the ratio of the sinking height to the conical degree of the part to be repaired;
s4, clamping the main shaft on a slewing mechanism, and controlling the jumping not to exceed 0.1 mm;
s5, laser cladding repair;
continuously irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be repaired by using a laser, recording laser emitted by the laser as cladding laser at the moment, forming a molten pool on the workpiece to be repaired, blowing powder for cladding into the molten pool, and quickly solidifying the molten pool to form a cladding layer;
s6, completion inspection;
s7, machining;
and machining the part to be repaired after laser cladding to meet the precision requirement.
Further:
in step S5, the powder used for laser repair comprises the following specific components: 0.02% of C, 0.01% of P, 0.003% of S, 2.06% of Ni2, 16.5% of Cr and the balance of Fe.
Further:
in step S5, the powder hardness is 52-55 HRC.
Further:
in step S5, the laser cladding process parameters are: laser power: 800W; powder feeding: 8 g/min; lapping: 0.5 mm; scanning speed: 8 mm/s; spot shape: a circular shape; the diameter of the light spot: 2-3 mm; no preheating is needed.
Further:
in step S2, the alcohol is 99.5% alcohol.
Further:
in step S3, the axial runout is controlled within 0.05mm, and the rotary mechanism is a machine tool capable of rotating the shaft-like workpiece at a constant speed, and belongs to general equipment. When the cladding operation is carried out, the shaft part to be repaired is clamped on the rotary mechanism by adopting the crown block, and the jumping of the shaft part to be repaired is controlled not to exceed 0.05mm by the dial indicator.
Further:
step S6 specifically includes:
s61, performing dye check detection on the cladding layer to check whether the cladding layer has pores and cracks;
s62, detecting the size of the test bar, and detecting whether the thickness of the cladding layer meets the machining requirement.
The invention also discloses application of the laser cladding repair technology, which is characterized in that the process method utilizing the laser cladding technology, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is used for repairing and manufacturing 52-meter abrasion of the numerical control milling spindle taper hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the single side of the abrasion loss of the inner hole of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft is about 0.5mm, the surface of a workpiece is quenched, the surface hardness is high, the precision requirement is high, the traditional welding method cannot meet the repair requirement, a customer conducts scrapping treatment after the general numerical control main shaft is abraded to a certain degree, and the numerical control main shaft has high value and causes great resource waste after scrapping. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the laser cladding repair is creatively adopted, so that each part of the workpiece is not easy to generate large temperature difference in the whole processing process, cracks are not generated in the laser cladding process, and the problem that the workpiece is completely scrapped due to the fact that hot cracks are easily generated in the traditional welding process is effectively solved. The hardness of the repaired cladding layer of the spindle taper hole is improved by more than 20 percent, and the service performance is improved by more than 2 times compared with a new product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a repaired spindle taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling spindle in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flaw detection diagram of a repaired spindle taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling machine in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a field process diagram of laser cladding in the process of repairing a taper hole of a 52-meter numerical control milling spindle in embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a process diagram illustrating the process of determining the amount to be repaired in step S3 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The raw materials and equipment used in the following examples are those conventionally used in the art unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention relates to equipment introduction:
the XKU9720 x 520 numerical control fixed beam double gantry moving rail milling machine is a heavy machine tool manufactured by Wuhan heavy machine tool group, Inc. The machine tool has 4 main shafts, and is mainly used for milling and processing the steel rail for the railway turnout.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a main shaft introduction:
A. the main shaft has a value of 15 ten thousand yuan and a manufacturing period of more than three months.
B. Spindle material 12CrNi3A
C. A main shaft taper hole: the model is as follows: ISO No.60, taper of 7:24
D. The maximum power of the main shaft is 100KW,
E. main shaft torque 8000N.m
The embodiment of the invention relates to the use working conditions of a main shaft:
the machine tool can simultaneously use 4 main shafts to process two steel rails with the length of about 50 meters, the maximum cutting depth is 50mm, the width is 49mm, the feeding speed is 300mm/min, the rotating speed of the main shafts is 180r/min, the material of the steel rail is U71Mn or U75V, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1180MPa, and the hardness is 340-400HBW 10/3000.
The embodiment of the invention relates to analysis of a main shaft wear reason:
the main shaft is a core part processed by the numerical control milling machine, the cutting torque force of the main shaft needs to be borne by the main shaft end surface key groove and the taper hole contact surface, and long-term alternating load generates different degrees of abrasion deformation on the main shaft taper hole and the end surface key groove.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a process method for repairing the abrasion of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using a laser cladding technology.
In the embodiment, the inner hole of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft is modified and repaired, the single side of the abrasion loss of the inner hole of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft is about 0.5mm, the surface of a workpiece is subjected to quenching treatment, the surface hardness is high, and the precision requirement is high.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the method of the invention is adopted to repair the steel plate, and the concrete steps are as follows:
s1, grinding a worn part of a spindle taper hole, and removing a fatigue layer, wherein the thickness of the fatigue layer of the part, needing to be repaired, of the spindle taper hole, which is subjected to 52-meter numerical control milling in the embodiment is about 0.1 mm;
s2, cleaning oil stains on a part to be repaired by adopting industrial alcohol until the part to be repaired has metallic luster;
s3, determining the amount to be repaired by using a standard test bar;
as shown in fig. 5, the standard test rod is a solid conical rod with the same size as the main shaft conical hole, the test rod is inserted into the conical hole to be repaired to make the two closely fit, the sinking height of the test rod is recorded, and the amount to be repaired can be calculated according to the ratio of the sinking height to the conical degree of the part to be repaired;
in this embodiment, the amount to be repaired is 0.5 mm;
s4, clamping the main shaft on a slewing mechanism, and controlling the jumping not to exceed 0.05 mm; the slewing mechanism is a machine tool capable of enabling a shaft workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, and belongs to general equipment. When the cladding operation is carried out, the shaft part to be repaired is clamped on the rotary mechanism by adopting a crown block, and the jumping of the shaft part to be repaired is controlled not to exceed 0.05mm by a dial indicator;
s5, laser cladding repair;
continuously irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be repaired by using a laser, recording laser emitted by the laser as cladding laser at the moment, forming a molten pool on the workpiece to be repaired, blowing powder for cladding into the molten pool, and quickly solidifying the molten pool to form a cladding layer;
the powder used for laser repair comprises the following specific components: 0.02% of C, 0.01% of P, 0.003% of S, 2.06% of Ni, 16.5% of Cr16.5% and the balance of Fe; the powder hardness is 55 HRC;
the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: laser power: 800W; powder feeding: 8 g/min; lapping: 0.5 mm; scanning speed: 8 mm/s; spot shape: a circular shape; the diameter of the light spot: 2-3 mm; no preheating is needed.
S6, testing before machining
S61, performing dye check detection on the cladding layer to check whether the cladding layer has pores and cracks;
s62, detecting the size of the test bar, and detecting whether the thickness of the cladding layer meets the machining requirement. In the embodiment, the thickness of the cladding layer is detected to be 0.6mm, and the relevant requirements are met;
s7, machining
And milling the to-be-repaired piece subjected to laser cladding, and then grinding to meet the precision requirement.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a process method for repairing the abrasion of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using a laser cladding technology.
In the embodiment, the inner hole of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft is modified and repaired, the single side of the abrasion loss of the inner hole of the 52-meter numerical control main shaft is about 0.3mm, the surface of a workpiece is subjected to quenching treatment, the surface hardness is high, and the precision requirement is high.
The method for repairing the defect of the defect:
s1, grinding a worn part of a spindle taper hole, and removing a fatigue layer, wherein the thickness of the fatigue layer of the part, needing to be repaired, of the spindle taper hole, which is subjected to 52-meter numerical control milling in the embodiment is about 0.1 mm; (ii) a
S2, cleaning oil stains on a part to be repaired by adopting industrial alcohol until the part to be repaired has metallic luster;
s3, determining the amount to be repaired by using a standard test bar;
as shown in fig. 5, the standard test rod is a solid conical rod with the same size as the main shaft conical hole, the test rod is inserted into the conical hole to be repaired to make the two closely fit, the sinking height of the test rod is recorded, and the amount to be repaired can be calculated according to the ratio of the sinking height to the conical degree of the part to be repaired;
in this embodiment, the amount to be repaired is 0.3 mm;
s4, clamping the main shaft on a slewing mechanism, and controlling the jumping not to exceed 0.05 mm; the slewing mechanism is a machine tool capable of enabling a shaft workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, and belongs to general equipment. When the cladding operation is carried out, the shaft part to be repaired is clamped on the rotary mechanism by adopting the crown block, and the jumping of the shaft part to be repaired is controlled not to exceed 0.05mm by the dial indicator.
S5, laser cladding repair;
continuously irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be repaired by using a laser, recording laser emitted by the laser as cladding laser at the moment, forming a molten pool on the workpiece to be repaired, blowing powder for cladding into the molten pool, and quickly solidifying the molten pool to form a cladding layer;
the powder used for laser repair comprises the following specific components: 0.02% of C, 0.01% of P, 0.003% of S, 2.06% of Ni, 16.5% of Cr16.5% and the balance of Fe; the powder hardness is 55 HRC;
the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: laser power: 800W; powder feeding: 8 g/min; lapping: 0.5 mm; scanning speed: 8 mm/s; spot shape: a circular shape; the diameter of the light spot: 2-3 mm; no preheating is needed.
S6, testing before machining
S61, performing dye check detection on the cladding layer to check whether the cladding layer has pores and cracks;
s62, detecting the size of the test bar, and detecting whether the thickness of the cladding layer meets the machining requirement. In the embodiment, the thickness of the cladding layer is detected to be 0.4mm, and the relevant requirements are met;
s7, machining
And milling the to-be-repaired piece subjected to laser cladding, and then grinding to meet the precision requirement.
Performance test after repair of the main shaft in example 1 and example 2:
the existing market is that the treatment mode after the main shaft is worn: after the new main shaft is purchased and disassembled and replaced, the original main shaft is abandoned and the new main shaft is used.
In the embodiment 1, a high-hardness wear-resistant layer is cladded on the wear part of the spindle in a laser cladding repairing mode, the hardness of the cladding layer is improved by 15%, the wear resistance and the pressure resistance are obviously improved, the service time of the spindle is doubled compared with that of a newly purchased spindle in the same service environment, and good economic benefits are generated.
In the embodiment 2, a high-hardness wear-resistant layer is cladded on the wear part of the spindle in a laser cladding repairing mode, the hardness of the cladding layer is improved by 17%, the wear resistance and the pressure resistance are obviously improved, the service time of the spindle is doubled compared with that of a newly purchased spindle in the same service environment, and good economic benefits are generated.
Economic benefits after repairing the main shaft in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are as follows:
the existing market is that the treatment mode after the main shaft is worn: after the new main shaft is purchased and the disassembly and the replacement are finished, the original main shaft is abandoned.
A. Time cost: the repair and disassembly time is short, only one-time main shaft disassembly and assembly is needed according to a standard flow, the time is about 24 hours, and only about 5 days are needed for later-stage laser cladding repair and machining return to a factory; compared with the new product, the replacement period is at least 3 months, so that the equipment downtime is greatly saved;
B. and (3) price comparison: the new value of the main shaft is 15 ten thousand yuan, and the laser cladding cost of the main shaft is 2.6 ten thousand yuan.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A process method for repairing 52 m numerical control milling spindle taper hole abrasion by using a laser cladding technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing a wear part of a spindle taper hole to remove a fatigue layer;
s2, cleaning oil stains on a part to be repaired by adopting industrial alcohol until the part to be repaired has metallic luster;
s3, determining the amount to be repaired by using a standard test bar;
the standard test rod is a solid conical rod with the same size as the conical hole of the main shaft, the test rod is inserted into the conical hole to be repaired to enable the test rod and the conical hole to be tightly sealed, the sinking height of the test rod is recorded, and the amount to be repaired can be calculated according to the ratio of the sinking height to the conical degree of the part to be repaired;
s4, clamping the main shaft on a slewing mechanism, and controlling the jumping not to exceed 0.1 mm;
s5, laser cladding repair;
continuously irradiating the surface of a workpiece to be repaired by using a laser, recording laser emitted by the laser as cladding laser at the moment, forming a molten pool on the workpiece to be repaired, blowing powder for cladding into the molten pool, and quickly solidifying the molten pool to form a cladding layer;
s6, testing before machining;
s7, machining;
and machining the part to be repaired after laser cladding to meet the precision requirement.
2. The process method for repairing the wear of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the powder used for laser repair comprises the following specific components: 0.02% of C, 0.01% of P, 0.003% of S, 2.06% of Ni, 16.5% of Cr and the balance of Fe.
3. The process method for repairing the wear of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the hardness of the powder is 52-55 HRC.
4. The process method for repairing the wear of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: laser power: 800W; powder feeding: 8 g/min; lapping: 0.5 mm; scanning speed: 8 mm/s; spot shape: a circular shape; the diameter of the light spot: 2-3 mm; no preheating is needed.
5. The process method for repairing the wear of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the alcohol is 99.5% alcohol.
6. The process method for repairing the wear of the taper hole of the numerical control milling spindle with the diameter of 52 meters by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the axial runout is controlled within 0.05mm.
7. The process method for repairing wear of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle by using the laser cladding technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S6 specifically comprises:
s61, performing dye check detection on the cladding layer to check whether the cladding layer has pores and cracks;
s62, detecting the size of the test bar, and detecting whether the thickness of the cladding layer meets the machining requirement.
8. The application of the laser cladding repair technology is characterized in that the process method utilizing the laser cladding technology, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is used for repairing and manufacturing the abrasion of the taper hole of the 52-meter numerical control milling spindle.
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| CN202010360052.5A CN111321402A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-04-30 | Process method for repairing abrasion of 52-meter numerical control milling spindle taper hole by using laser cladding technology |
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| CN202010360052.5A CN111321402A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-04-30 | Process method for repairing abrasion of 52-meter numerical control milling spindle taper hole by using laser cladding technology |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |