CN111320425A - Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Composite catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Composite catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010919 dye waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/0605—Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
- C04B2111/00827—Photocatalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite catalyst comprises the following raw materials: 1000 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of melamine and 300 parts of alkali activator; the preparation method comprises the following steps: ball milling the fly ash; putting urea and melamine into a crucible to calcine to obtain g-C3N4(ii) a Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide solution to industrial-grade water glassThe additive is used for adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4; weighing fly ash and g-C3N4And an alkali activator; putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, and mixing to form a paste; curing, forming and demolding; coating a plastic film and maintaining for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing for 4 days to obtain a composite cementing material; breaking the composite gelled material, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a composite catalyst; the composite catalyst prepared by the invention can effectively promote the degradation reaction of dye wastewater, the resources can be recycled, and the cost is low; belongs to the technical field of geopolymer composite materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geopolymer composite materials, and particularly relates to a coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4A composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big coal-producing and coal-burning country, coal ash in coal waste residue discharged in one year is as high as 3 hundred million tons, but the comprehensive utilization rate is not very high (about 30 percent), and a large amount of coal ash cannot be effectively utilized. Particularly, Shanxi is taken as the national coal production province, and how to treat the fly ash in the coal waste residue and realize reduction, harmlessness and reclamation is a problem to be solved at present. At present, the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash in the coal waste residue is mainly used as a cement admixture, a brick making admixture, a concrete admixture and the like, and although the utilization of the fly ash is realized, certain economic benefits are achieved, the value of the fly ash is not fully utilized.
The dye wastewater has the obvious characteristics of difficult degradation and the like, and is one of industrial wastewater which is difficult to treat at present. In recent years, as the dye waste water increases day by day, the harm is more serious, and some factories and some products have to stop production. At present, photocatalytic degradation is mainly adopted in the degradation treatment method of dye wastewater in industry. The photocatalytic degradation is a process of degrading pollutants into inorganic substances completely by utilizing radicals with extremely strong activity generated in a reaction system by radiation and a photocatalyst through the processes of addition, substitution, electron transfer and the like between the radicals and organic pollutants.
In order to solve the problems of difficult degradation of dye wastewater and utilization of fly ash, Ni is provided2+Preparation of doped geopolymer catalyst and application in organic matter degradation, wherein the fly ash geopolymer is prepared by curing for 28 days, and the fly ash geopolymer is poured into NH4And carrying out ion exchange reaction in the Ac solution for 12 hours, filtering and drying to obtain the catalyst, wherein the preparation process is complex and takes long time, the prepared catalyst can only degrade cation wastewater, the degradation is not thorough, and the residue can still pollute the environment.
Anionic pollutants are not only produced in large quantities and in a wide variety, but also pose serious threats and injuries to the environment and human body. Therefore, the research on the method for simultaneously and effectively removing the anionic dye wastewater and the cationic dye wastewater in the water body has great and urgent significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides the fly ash geopolymer/g-C with high specific surface area, large adsorbability, capability of effectively promoting the degradation reaction of dye wastewater, recyclable resources and low cost3N4A composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite catalyst comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of melamine and 300 parts of alkali activator.
Preferably, the alkali activator is prepared by adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass in sequence and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4.
Preferably, the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine.
Accordingly, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1(ii) a (2) Preparation of g-C3N4: putting 15 parts of urea and 6 parts of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ for calcining for 2 hours to obtain g-C3N4(ii) a (3) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine; weighing the following raw materials: 1000 parts of fly ash and 1-5 parts of g-C3N4And 300 parts of an alkali activator; (5) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry; (6) preparing a composite catalyst: putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 12-48 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing at room temperature for 4 days to obtain coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Compounding a cementitious material; mixing coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite gelled material is smashed and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to prepare the coal ash geopolymer/g-C with the diameter of 0.125mm3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Accordingly, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1(ii) a (2) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine; (3) weighing the following raw materials: 1000 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of melamine and 300 parts of alkali activator; (4) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namelyWater: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry; (5) preparing a composite catalyst: putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 12-48 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; after removing the plastic film, placing for 4 days at room temperature to obtain the coal ash-based geopolymer cementing material; smashing the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material, and sieving the smashed fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles with the diameter of 0.125 mm; putting the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles into a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h to obtain the fly ash geopolymer/g-C3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fly ash geopolymer/g-C provided by the invention3N4The composite catalyst has high specific surface area and high adsorbability, and can effectively promote the degradation of organic matters in dye wastewater, such as dye wastewater of methyl orange, methylene blue and the like.
The invention makes a large amount of use of the fly ash, improves the utilization rate of the fly ash and effectively solves the problem of resource recycling of the waste fly ash.
g-C in the invention3N4Is prepared by using urea and melamine as main raw materials, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain.
g-C3N4The layered polymer semiconductor material is a graphite-like layered polymer semiconductor material composed of C, N two elements, has an energy band gap of about 2.7eV, has good visible light catalytic performance and high chemical stability, and is capable of being used in acid or alkali environments. Under illumination, valence band electrons in the semiconductor material jump to a conduction band to form photo-generated electrons, and meanwhile, the valence band generates photo-generated holes to further form free electrons and holes; the generated free charges can be randomly transferred, and bulk recombination can occur when free electrons and holes are transferred together; some of the charge that migrates to the semiconductor surface undergoes redox reactions and surface recombination after the surfaces meet. Coal ash geopolymerIs a semi-crystal or amorphous zeolite-like structure, has adsorption performance equivalent to that of zeolite, and can adsorb and support semiconductor catalyst g-C3N4Can also be used for auxiliary catalysis, and the three-dimensional porous structure of the fly ash geopolymer enables the semiconductor catalyst g-C3N4Supported in a large pore volume. The invention combines the two to prepare the composite material, so that the g-C of the two-dimensional lamellar structure3N4The composite catalyst is combined with a fly ash geopolymer with a three-dimensional structure, so that the specific surface area of the composite catalyst is increased, and meanwhile, the balance adsorption capacity is increased by utilizing the strong interaction between the catalyst and a carrier, so that the degradation of organic matters in the dye wastewater is effectively promoted.
2. The fly ash geopolymer/g-C provided by the invention3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the steps of mixing fly ash and g-C3N4The alkali activator is mixed and then the distilled water is added to prepare the slurry, or the fly ash, the urea, the melamine and the alkali activator are mixed and then the distilled water is added to prepare the slurry, the sequence is not needed to be distinguished, and the preparation process is simple and feasible; the calcining or roasting process is carried out under the condition of medium temperature, so that a large amount of carbon dioxide is not discharged, the energy consumption is low, and green large-scale production can be realized; and the porosity can be increased in the process of calcining or roasting, so that the adsorbability is obviously increased, and the prepared composite catalyst has relatively stable catalytic effect.
3. The additive provided by the invention is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine. The addition of the additive can save the roasting or calcining time and ensure that the roasting or calcining effect is better; meanwhile, the process of breaking is more convenient.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the actual preparation process, 1 part of coal ash geopolymer/g-C is prepared according to the proportion of 1g3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
EXAMPLES one to five fly ash geopolymers/g-C were prepared with the components and amounts thereof specified in Table 13N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Specifically, the average particle diameter of the fly ash is 50.343 mu m, and the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.468m2·g-1Ball milling at 410Hz for 1h, and the specific surface area is 0.68m2·g-1。
Specifically, the fly ash comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2252.23％，AI2O327.55％，Fe2O39.65％，CaO 6.23％，TiO21.55％，MgO 1.27％，Na2O 0.56％，BaO 0.27％，SrO 0.23％，P2O50.15%, MnO 0.11%, and the other 0.2%.
Specifically, the urea is analytically pure solid urea.
Specifically, the melamine is analytically pure solid melamine.
Further, the alkali activator is prepared by adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial-grade water glass in sequence and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1.
Specifically, the solid content of the industrial-grade water glass is 28.8%, and the modulus of the water glass is 3.0.
Further, the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine.
Specifically, SDS is sodium dodecyl sulfate in the form of a white or light yellow powder.
The fly ash geopolymer/g-C provided by the invention3N4The composite catalyst has high specific surface area and high adsorbability, and can effectively promote the degradation of organic matters in dye wastewater, such as dye wastewater of methyl orange, methylene blue and the like.
The invention makes a large amount of use of the fly ash, improves the utilization rate of the fly ash and effectively solves the problem of resource recycling of the waste fly ash.
g-C in the invention3N4Is prepared by using urea and melamine as main raw materials, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain.
g-C3N4The layered polymer semiconductor material is a graphite-like layered polymer semiconductor material composed of C, N two elements, has an energy band gap of about 2.7eV, has good visible light catalytic performance and high chemical stability, and is capable of being used in acid or alkali environments. Under illumination, valence band electrons in the semiconductor material jump to a conduction band to form photo-generated electrons, and meanwhile, the valence band generates photo-generated holes to further form free electrons and holes; the generated free charges can be randomly transferred, and bulk recombination can occur when free electrons and holes are transferred together; some of the charge that migrates to the semiconductor surface undergoes redox reactions and surface recombination after the surfaces meet. The fly ash geopolymer is a semi-crystalline or amorphous zeolite-like structure, has adsorption performance equivalent to that of zeolite, and can adsorb and load semiconductor catalyst g-C3N4Can also be used for auxiliary catalysis, and the three-dimensional porous structure of the fly ash geopolymer enables the semiconductor catalyst g-C3N4Supported in a large pore volume. The invention combines the two to prepare the composite material, so that the g-C of the two-dimensional lamellar structure3N4The composite catalyst is combined with a fly ash geopolymer with a three-dimensional structure, so that the specific surface area of the composite catalyst is increased, and meanwhile, the balance adsorption capacity is increased by utilizing the strong interaction between the catalyst and a carrier, so that the degradation of organic matters in the dye wastewater is effectively promoted.
Example one
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill for 1h to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparation of g-C3N4: placing 15g of urea and 6g of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ to calcine for 2h to obtain g-C3N4；
(3) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is urotropine;
(4) weighing the following raw materials: 1000g of fly ash, 5g g-C3N4And 300g of an alkali activator;
(5) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(6) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 48 hours; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing at room temperature for 4 days to obtain coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Compounding a cementitious material; mixing coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite gelled material is smashed and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to prepare the coal ash geopolymer/g-C with the diameter of 0.125mm3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Example two
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill for 1h to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparation of g-C3N4: placing 15g of urea and 6g of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ to calcine for 2h to obtain g-C3N4；
(3) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is urotropine;
(4) weighing the following raw materials: 1000g of fly ash, 1g g-C3N4And 300g of an alkali activator;
(5) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(6) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 24 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing at room temperature for 4 days to obtain coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Compounding a cementitious material; mixing coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite gelled material is smashed and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to prepare the coal ash geopolymer/g-C with the diameter of 0.125mm3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
EXAMPLE III
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill for 1h to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparation of g-C3N4: placing 15g of urea and 6g of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ to calcine for 2h to obtain g-C3N4；
(3) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.4; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is SDS;
(4) weighing the following raw materials: 1000g of fly ash, 5g g-C3N4And 300g of an alkali activator;
(5) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(6) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 12 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing at room temperature for 4 days to obtain coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Compounding a cementitious material; mixing coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite gelled material is smashed and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to prepare the coal ash geopolymer/g-C with the diameter of 0.125mm3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Example four
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.2; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is urotropine.
(3) Weighing the following raw materials: 1000g of fly ash, 15g of urea, 6g of melamine and 300g of alkali activator;
(4) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(5) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 24 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; after removing the plastic film, placing for 4 days at room temperature to obtain the coal ash-based geopolymer cementing material; breaking the fly ash-based geopolymer cementing material, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash with a diameter of 0.125mmBased geopolymer gelled particles; putting the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles into a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h to obtain the fly ash geopolymer/g-C3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
EXAMPLE five
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.2; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is SDS.
(3) Weighing the following raw materials: 1000g of fly ash, 15g of urea, 6g of melamine and 300g of alkali activator;
(4) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(5) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 48 hours; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; after removing the plastic film, placing for 4 days at room temperature to obtain the coal ash-based geopolymer cementing material; smashing the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material, and sieving the smashed fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles with the diameter of 0.125 mm; putting the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles into a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h to obtain the fly ash geopolymer/g-C3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
Coal ash geopolymer/g-C prepared in first to third embodiments of the invention3N4In the method of compounding catalysts, g-C3N4Is prepared by putting 15g of urea and 6g of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ and calcining for 2hAnd (3) the product is obtained. And in the fourth and fifth examples, the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles also comprise urea and melamine, the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles are put into a muffle furnace at the temperature of 600 ℃ to be roasted for 2 hours, and the urea and the melamine are prepared into g-C3N4Later, fly ash geopolymer with g-C3N4Compounding to prepare the fly ash geopolymer/g-C3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
The fly ash geopolymer/g-C provided by the invention3N4The preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the steps of mixing fly ash and g-C3N4The alkali activator is mixed and then the distilled water is added to prepare the slurry, or the fly ash, the urea, the melamine and the alkali activator are mixed and then the distilled water is added to prepare the slurry, the sequence is not needed to be distinguished, and the preparation process is simple and feasible; the calcining or roasting process is carried out under the condition of medium temperature, so that a large amount of carbon dioxide is not discharged, the energy consumption is low, and green large-scale production can be realized; and the porosity can be increased in the process of calcining or roasting, so that the adsorbability is obviously increased, and the prepared composite catalyst has relatively stable catalytic effect.
The additive provided by the invention is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine. The addition of the additive can save the roasting or calcining time and ensure that the roasting or calcining effect is better; meanwhile, the process of breaking is more convenient.
The sewage containing organic matters is various, and the degradation effect of the prepared composite catalyst is analyzed through a degradation test by mainly taking methyl orange and methylene blue as organic matter mimics. Methyl orange (anionic) is mainly a degradation product simulating anionic wastewater, and has 1 negative charge relative to the molecular mass of 327; methylene blue (cationic) is mainly a degradation product simulating cationic wastewater, and has 1 positive charge relative to the molecular mass 374.
For the fly ash geopolymers/g-C prepared in examples one-five3N4The degradation rates of the composite catalyst are respectively measured: 100ml of methyl orange or methylene blue dye waste with the concentration of 20mg/L is takenAdding water into quartz reaction tube, adding 20mg of prepared composite catalyst into the solution, dispersing completely, centrifuging 5ml solution every 20min, measuring absorbance of supernatant at 455nm wavelength with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, calculating light degradation rate η according to illumination time,
η＝[((A0-At)/A0]×100％
wherein A is0Is the initial absorbance of the methyl orange solution, and AtIs the absorbance of the methyl orange solution after degradation for a certain period of time. The degradation rates of examples one to five are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The degradation rates of the examples in table 1 to methyl orange and methylene blue show that the composite catalyst prepared by the invention can meet the treatment requirement of dye wastewater, and the methylene blue is easier to degrade compared with the methyl orange.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4A composite catalyst characterized by: the composite catalyst comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of melamine and 300 parts of alkali activator.
2. The fly ash geopolymer/g-C of claim 13N4A composite catalyst characterized by: the alkali activator is prepared by sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4.
3. The fly ash geopolymer/g-C of claim 23N4A composite catalyst characterized by: the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine.
4. Preparation of a fly ash geopolymer/g-C as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 33N4A method of compounding a catalyst, characterized by: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparation of g-C3N4: putting 15 parts of urea and 6 parts of melamine into a crucible at 600 ℃ for calcining for 2 hours to obtain g-C3N4；
(3) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine;
(4) weighing the following raw materials: 1000 parts of fly ash and 1-5 parts of g-C3N4And 300 parts of an alkali activator;
(5) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(6) preparing a composite catalyst:
placing the slurry into a mold, and curing at 65 deg.C and 70 RH%Molding, curing and molding for 12-48 h, and then demolding; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; removing the plastic film, and standing at room temperature for 4 days to obtain coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4Compounding a cementitious material;
mixing coal ash geopolymer/g-C3N4The composite gelled material is smashed and sieved by a 120-mesh sieve to prepare the coal ash geopolymer/g-C with the diameter of 0.125mm3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
5. Preparation of a fly ash geopolymer/g-C as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 33N4A method of compounding a catalyst, characterized by: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) ball milling of coal ash: treating the fly ash in a 410Hz ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area of the fly ash is 0.68m2·g-1；
(2) Preparing an alkali activator: sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and an additive into industrial water glass, and adjusting the modulus of the water glass to 1.1-1.4; the additive is a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or more of SDS and urotropine;
(3) weighing the following raw materials: 1000 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of melamine and 300 parts of alkali activator;
(4) preparing slurry: putting the weighed raw materials into a paste mixer, adding distilled water to ensure that the water-cement ratio is 0.35, namely water: 0.35 of fly ash; then stirring in a slurry mixer to form uniformly mixed slurry;
(5) preparing a composite catalyst:
putting the slurry into a mould, curing and forming under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the humidity is 70RH percent, and demoulding after curing and forming for 12-48 h; coating a plastic film at the temperature of 40 ℃ and curing for 3 days; after removing the plastic film, placing for 4 days at room temperature to obtain the coal ash-based geopolymer cementing material;
smashing the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material, and sieving the smashed fly ash-based geopolymer gelled material with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles with the diameter of 0.125 mm;
putting the fly ash-based geopolymer gelled particles into a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for roasting for 2h to obtain the fly ash geopolymer/g-C3N4And (3) compounding a catalyst.
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