CN111318778A - Stepwise brazing method for toughening titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy brazed joint - Google Patents
Stepwise brazing method for toughening titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy brazed joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN111318778A CN111318778A CN201811541948.2A CN201811541948A CN111318778A CN 111318778 A CN111318778 A CN 111318778A CN 201811541948 A CN201811541948 A CN 201811541948A CN 111318778 A CN111318778 A CN 111318778A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
Abstract
The invention discloses a step-by-step brazing method for toughening a titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy brazed joint, which relates to the technical field of welding and adopts the following technical scheme: taking a titanium alloy as a base material 1 and a high-temperature alloy as a base material 2, and welding the base material 2 and the middle layer together by using a brazing filler metal 2 to form a semi-finished product; the obtained semi-finished product and the base material 1 are welded together by using the brazing filler metal 1. The welding material obtained by the method has good mechanical properties of the welding head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a step-by-step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high-temperature alloy.
Background
With the rapid development of high-end industries such as aerospace and the like, high requirements are put forward on the high-temperature performance of materials while keeping light weight, namely, the required high-temperature materials are required to have high-temperature oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties such as high-temperature strength and rigidity. The titanium alloy has small density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent mechanical property and high-temperature oxidation resistance, so that the titanium alloy has great potential in application to high-temperature structural components. The high-temperature alloy is a high-temperature structural material taking iron, nickel and the like as matrixes, can be used in a high-temperature environment and can bear harsh mechanical stress. The high-temperature alloy has high room temperature and high temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance, excellent creep and fatigue resistance, good structure stability and use reliability, and is widely applied to hot end parts of advanced power propulsion systems such as turbine engines.
In summary, to realize the application of titanium alloy and superalloy in high-end industries such as aerospace, the problem of connection between the titanium alloy and superalloy is necessarily involved. At present, the diffusion connection or the brazing mode is mostly adopted to realize the connection of the two, but the welding joint obtained in the production process has low strength and large brittleness, and the main reasons are as follows: 1. ti in the titanium alloy reacts with Ni, Fe, Co and other elements in the high-temperature alloy to generate a brittle intermetallic compound; 2. if the temperature exceeds the phase transformation point of the titanium alloy in the brazing process, the titanium alloy is subjected to phase transformation, and the titanium alloy is subjected to severe performance reduction due to the fact that crystal grains grow due to overhigh temperature; 3. when welding titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy, the stress at the joint is high, and the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds causes poor stress relieving capacity, thus causing adverse effect on the service performance of the material. Therefore, finding a suitable method to achieve the connection of titanium alloy and superalloy becomes a key to promote the application of both in the high-end industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a step-by-step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high-temperature alloy, which has the technical scheme that:
(1) taking a titanium alloy as a base material 1 and a high-temperature alloy as a base material 2, and welding the base material 2 and the middle layer together by using a brazing filler metal 2 to form a semi-finished product;
(2) and welding one side of the middle layer of the obtained semi-finished product and the base material 1 together by utilizing the brazing filler metal 1.
The brazing filler metal 2 is nickel-based brazing filler metal, iron-based brazing filler metal or cobalt-based brazing filler metal.
The intermediate layer is made of a material having good weldability with both of base material 1 and base material 2, and preferably an Nb or Mo material.
The brazing filler metal 1 is titanium-based brazing filler metal.
The parent metal 1 and the parent metal 2 need to be subjected to surface treatment before use; the surface treatment comprises: and (3) polishing the surface to be welded of the base material by using sand paper, and then putting the base material into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning. The polishing is sequentially performed by using 80# -2000# sandpaper in a stepwise manner. The ultrasonic cleaning is carried out with the frequency of 20-40KHz and the ultrasonic power density of 0.3-1.0W/cm2The ultrasonic cleaning time is 5-20min, the cleaning medium is water, and the temperature is room temperature.
The intermediate layer is subjected to surface treatment before use; the surface treatment comprises: soaking the intermediate layer material in 1-10 wt% HF water solution for 5-10s, taking out, washing with water, and drying.
The welding in the steps (1) and (2) is vacuum brazing, and is carried out in a vacuum brazing furnace.
The welding in the step (1) is carried out, the base material 2/brazing filler metal 2/interlayer are sequentially loaded, the vacuum brazing procedure is that the base material 2/brazing filler metal 2/interlayer is heated to 900 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the high vacuum environment, the temperature is kept for 10min, then the base material is heated to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 10min, after the temperature is kept, the base material is cooled to 400 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then the base material is cooled to the room temperature along with a furnace, wherein the vacuum degree of the high vacuum environment is-5-10×10-7torr。
And (2) welding, wherein the semi-finished product/brazing filler metal 1/master batch 1 is loaded in sequence, one side of the middle layer of the semi-finished product is adjacent to the brazing filler metal 1, and the vacuum brazing procedure is as follows: heating to 800 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min under high vacuum, maintaining for 40min, heating to 900 deg.C at a speed of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 10min, cooling to 400 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and furnace cooling to room temperature; the high vacuum ringVacuum degree of 2.7 × 10-5-10×10-7torr。
Advantageous effects
When the titanium alloy and the high-temperature alloy are brazed, titanium-based brazing filler metal is generally selected for the brazing of the titanium alloy, but the titanium-based brazing filler metal can react with elements such as nickel, iron and the like in the high-temperature alloy to generate brittle intermetallic compounds; for high-temperature alloy brazing, schemes such as nickel-based brazing filler metal, iron-based brazing filler metal, copper-based brazing filler metal and the like are generally selected, but the brazing filler metal reacts with titanium elements in the titanium alloy to generate brittle intermetallic compounds. Therefore, the conventional brazing method is not suitable for directly welding the titanium alloy and the superalloy.
The invention is different from the traditional brazing base material/brazing filler metal/base material welding mode, adopts interlayer separation, adopts the brazing mode of base material 1/brazing filler metal 1/interlayer/brazing filler metal 2/base material 2, selects materials with good weldability such as Nb, Mo and the like and two alloys as the interlayer, avoids the direct contact of the titanium alloy and the high-temperature alloy when welding the titanium alloy and the high-temperature alloy, and effectively improves the quality of a welding joint.
When the brazing filler metal is selected, the titanium alloy and the high-temperature alloy are mostly applied to aerospace hot structural parts and need to be used at a higher temperature, so that the brazing filler metal needs to meet higher high-temperature service performance when being selected. The brazing filler metal on one side of the titanium alloy can be titanium-based brazing filler metal; the brazing filler metal on one side of the high-temperature alloy can be selected from nickel-based brazing filler metal, iron-based brazing filler metal and the like.
The titanium alloy undergoes phase change at high temperature, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the titanium alloy. The brazing temperature of the high-temperature alloy is generally higher and exceeds the phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy, and if the high-temperature alloy is directly and integrally brazed, the high-temperature alloy needs to be integrally heated to a higher temperature in order to ensure the brazing of the high-temperature alloy to be smoothly carried out, at the moment, the titanium alloy has phase transition, and the performance of the material is seriously reduced. In order to avoid the phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy, the invention adopts a step-by-step brazing mode, firstly the intermediate layer and the high-temperature alloy are brazed, and then the obtained semi-finished product and the titanium alloy are brazed, so that the brazing process of the high-temperature alloy and the brazing process of the titanium alloy can be separated, the phase transition of the titanium alloy is avoided, and the high-quality welding joint is obtained.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparation before welding
Processing Ti2AlNb alloy into a sample (master batch 1) with the thickness of 8mm × 8mm × 3mm by using a wire cut electrical discharge machine, processing Ni-based high-temperature alloy (GH536) into a sample (master batch 2) with the thickness of 8mm × 8mm × 3mm, polishing the surfaces of the master batches 1 and 2 step by using 80# to 2000# sandpaper, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the master batch in acetone for 10min before welding, taking Nb as an intermediate layer, and cleaning the intermediate layer Nb in dilute HF acid (5 wt%) for 10 s.
Welding process
(1) Firstly, switching on a power supply, preheating a vacuum brazing furnace for 45min, assembling a prepared sample, putting the assembled sample into a vacuum chamber (sequentially charging the master batch 2/BNi2 solder/intermediate layer), opening a vacuum valve to vacuumize, editing a control program, and when the vacuum degree reaches 2.7 × 10-5And when the temperature is within the torr range, starting heating and operating a heating program. The specific process parameters are as follows: heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min under a high vacuum environment, preserving heat for 10min to homogenize the whole temperature in a vacuum chamber, heating to 1050 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, cooling to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min after heat preservation, and then furnace-cooling to room temperature. Cooling the workpiece to obtain a semi-finished product;
(2) preheating a vacuum brazing furnace for 45min, placing the prepared sample into a vacuum chamber (the materials are charged according to the sequence of semi-finished product/TiZrNiCu brazing filler metal/master batch 1, one side of the middle layer of the semi-finished product is adjacent to the brazing filler metal 1), opening a vacuum valve to vacuumize, editing a control program, and when the vacuum degree reaches 2.7 × 10-5And when the temperature is within the torr range, starting heating and operating a heating program. The specific process parameters are as follows: heating to 800 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min under high vacuum, maintaining for 40min, heating to 900 deg.C at a speed of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 10min to homogenize the overall temperature in the vacuum chamber, cooling to 400 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and furnace cooling to room temperature.
The obtained sample number was 1 #.
Comparative example 1
The Ti2AlNb alloy is processed into 8mm × 8mm × by a spark wire cutting machineProcessing a 3mm sample (master batch 1) from a Ni-based high-temperature alloy (GH536) into a 8mm × 8mm × 3mm sample (master batch 2), polishing the surfaces of the master batches 1 and 2 step by using 80-2000 # abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the master batches in acetone for 10min before welding, adopting TiZrNiCu brazing filler metal according to the vacuum degree of 2.7 × 10-5torr, carrying out vacuum welding on the two in a high-vacuum environment, and carrying out a heating program: heating to 900 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, maintaining for 10min to homogenize the whole temperature in the vacuum chamber, heating to 1050 deg.C at a speed of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining for 10min, cooling to 400 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and furnace cooling to room temperature. After the workpiece was cooled, a comparative piece was obtained.
Examples 1 to 5
4 parallel tests were carried out according to the experimental protocol of example 1, and the obtained sample numbers were respectively # 2- # 5.
Testing the mechanical property after welding:
the obtained samples No. 1-5 are detected and analyzed by referring to GB/T11363 and 2008 'soldered joint strength test method', and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 tensile Strength test results
TABLE 2 shear Strength test results
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the welding joint prepared by the method provided by the invention has high tensile strength, high shear strength and good mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the weld joint of sample No. 1 obtained in example 1 had a tensile strength 31% (room temperature) to 28% (700 ℃) higher than that of the weld joint of the comparative member, and a shear strength 42% (room temperature) to 35% (700 ℃) higher than that of the weld joint of the comparative member.
Claims (10)
1. A step brazing method for toughening a titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy brazing joint is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a titanium alloy as a base material 1 and a high-temperature alloy as a base material 2, and welding the base material 2 and the middle layer together by using a brazing filler metal 2 to form a semi-finished product;
(2) welding one side of the middle layer of the obtained semi-finished product and the base material 1 together by utilizing the brazing filler metal 1;
the intermediate layer is made of a material having good weldability with both of base material 1 and base material 2, and preferably an Nb or Mo material.
2. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the brazing filler metal 2 is nickel-based brazing filler metal, iron-based brazing filler metal or cobalt-based brazing filler metal.
3. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the brazing filler metal 1 is titanium-based brazing filler metal.
4. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the parent metal 1 and the parent metal 2 need to be subjected to surface treatment before use; the surface treatment comprises: and (3) polishing the surface to be welded of the base material by using sand paper, and then putting the base material into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning.
5. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 4, wherein: the polishing is sequentially performed by using 80# -2000# sandpaper in a stepwise manner.
6. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 4, wherein: the ultrasonic cleaning is carried out with the frequency of 20-40KHz and the ultrasonic power density of 0.3-1.0W/cm2The ultrasonic cleaning time is 5-20min, the cleaning medium is water, and the temperature is room temperature.
7. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the intermediate layer is subjected to surface treatment before use; the surface treatment comprises: soaking the intermediate layer material in 1-10 wt% HF water solution for 5-10s, taking out, washing with water, and drying.
8. The step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high temperature alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the welding in the steps (1) and (2) is vacuum brazing, and is carried out in a vacuum brazing furnace.
9. The step-by-step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high-temperature alloy according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), the brazing is performed by sequentially loading base material 2/brazing filler metal 2/intermediate layer, and the vacuum brazing procedure comprises the steps of heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 1050 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, cooling to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min after heat preservation, and furnace-cooling to room temperature, wherein the vacuum degree in the high vacuum environment is 2.7 × 10-5-10×10-7torr。
10. The step-by-step brazing method for toughening a brazed joint of a titanium alloy and a high-temperature alloy according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the brazing is carried out by loading the semi-finished product/brazing filler metal 1/master batch 1 in sequence, wherein one side of an intermediate layer of the semi-finished product is adjacent to the brazing filler metal 1, and the vacuum brazing procedure comprises the steps of heating to 800 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a high vacuum environment, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, cooling to 400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min after finishing preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature with a furnace, wherein the vacuum degree of the high vacuum environment is 2.7 × 10-5-10×10-7torr。
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Cited By (3)
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CN112605551A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 重庆理工大学 | Connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal and brazing method |
CN114261156A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-01 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Multilayer sandwich brazing filler metal foil for titanium alloy brazing and preparation method thereof |
CN115194275A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for brazing dissimilar metals of titanium alloy and nickel-based superalloy |
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CN112605551A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 重庆理工大学 | Connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal and brazing method |
CN114261156A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-01 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Multilayer sandwich brazing filler metal foil for titanium alloy brazing and preparation method thereof |
CN114261156B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-05-03 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Multilayer sandwich brazing filler metal foil for titanium alloy brazing and preparation method thereof |
CN115194275A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for brazing dissimilar metals of titanium alloy and nickel-based superalloy |
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