CN111318717A - Regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing - Google Patents
Regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111318717A CN111318717A CN202010208621.4A CN202010208621A CN111318717A CN 111318717 A CN111318717 A CN 111318717A CN 202010208621 A CN202010208621 A CN 202010208621A CN 111318717 A CN111318717 A CN 111318717A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
A regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing relates to a method for recovering, treating and recycling metal powder, and aims to solve the technical problem that the metal powder can not be recycled after being recovered through the existing 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: screening the recovered waste metal powder after 3D printing and forming; secondly, plasma processing; thirdly, screening; fourthly, annealing. Compared with untreated waste powder, the fluidity of the metal powder treated by the method is improved by 20 percent; the sphericity is improved to over 90 percent from the initial less than 85 percent; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the powder can be reduced to below 980ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches above 90%, so that the powder can be used for 3D printing forming again, and the utilization rate of raw materials is improved to above 90%. Can be used to the 3D printing field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recycling metal powder, belonging to the field of additive manufacturing.
Background
Additive manufacturing techniques, also known as 3D printing techniques. At present, the 3D printing of metal materials mainly adopts a selective laser melting molding (SLM) technology, an electron beam melting molding (EBM) technology and the like. The metal powder for 3D printing needs to have good plasticity and also needs to meet the requirements of fine powder particle size, narrow particle size distribution, high sphericity, good fluidity, high apparent density and the like. Generally, the metal powder is required to be spherical, the particle size is 20-150 mu m, and the apparent density is as large as possible. Therefore, the price of the raw material powder for 3D printing metal is generally high. After the raw material powder is subjected to one-time powder feeding and forming cycle, the properties of the residual powder are changed, such as the roundness, the particle size distribution, the flowability, the repose angle, the apparent density, the tap density and the like of powder particles are obviously changed, the shape of spherical powder particles becomes more and more irregular along with the increase of the cycle number, and the surfaces of the powder particles become rough; meanwhile, the particle size distribution of the powder is enlarged, and the oxygen content of the powder is obviously increased; the apparent density and tap density of the powder are reduced; the powder angle of repose, collapse angle, and plate angle also decreased with increasing cycle number. The performance of the formed part can be seriously affected by performing 3D printing forming again by using the circulating metal powder, for example, the oxygen content of the formed part is increased, the porosity of the formed part is increased, some irregular defects are formed, and finally, the mechanical property of the formed part is reduced to influence the use performance of the formed part. Therefore, in actual production, the powder which is circulated for many times is rarely used for 3D printing, which causes serious waste of raw material metal powder, and the utilization rate of the powder raw material is generally less than 90%. However, there is no effective method for recycling metal powder recovered after 3D printing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the metal powder after 3D printing can not be recycled, and provides a method for recycling the metal powder after 3D printing, so that the recycled metal powder can be reused for 3D printing, and the utilization rate of the metal powder is improved.
The regeneration method for recovering metal powder by 3D printing comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste metal powder: screening the recovered waste metal powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine to remove large particles, wherein the number of meshes of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the metal powder sieved in the step one into plasma spheroidizing equipment, wherein the powder conveying amount is 0.5-1 kg/h, the power of a plasma generator is 10-50 kW, and the flow rate of argon gas inside the plasma generator is 0.5-2.5 m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.2-0.5 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the metal powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine to remove large particles in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
fourthly, annealing: annealing the metal powder treated in the step three in a vacuum annealing furnace, eliminating thermal stress on the surface of the powder, improving the fluidity and finishing the regeneration of the 3D printed and recovered metal powder; and (4) preserving the metal powder after the regeneration is finished in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment.
According to the invention, the plasma torch is used for shaping the residual waste raw material powder after 3D printing and forming, so that the surface of the metal powder becomes smooth, the sphericity is improved, the particle size distribution is more uniform, the flowability of the powder is further improved, the oxygen content and other non-metal impurities of the metal powder are reduced while the powder is shaped, and the purity is improved. Compared with untreated waste powder, the fluidity of the metal powder treated by the method is improved by 20 percent; the sphericity is improved to over 90 percent from the initial less than 85 percent; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the powder can be reduced to below 980ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches above 90%, so that the powder can be used for 3D printing forming again, and the utilization rate of raw materials is improved to above 90%. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency and low cost. The regenerated metal powder has low oxygen content, high sphericity, uniform granularity, few defects and good fluidity, meets the use requirement of 3D printing forming again, can be used in the field of 3D printing, and reduces the metal 3D printing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the waste TA1 titanium alloy powder recovered in step one of example 1 after 3D printing and forming;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of TA1 titanium alloy powder obtained in step four of example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste metal powder: screening the recovered waste metal powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine to remove large particles, wherein the number of meshes of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the metal powder sieved in the step one into plasma spheroidizing equipment, wherein the powder conveying amount is 0.5-1 kg/h, the power of a plasma generator is 10-50 kW, and the flow rate of argon gas inside the plasma generator is 0.5-2.5 m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.2-0.5 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the metal powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine to remove large particles in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
fourthly, annealing: annealing the metal powder treated in the step three in a vacuum annealing furnace, eliminating thermal stress on the surface of the powder, improving the fluidity and finishing the regeneration of the 3D printed and recovered metal powder; and (4) preserving the metal powder after the regeneration is finished in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment.
The regenerated metal powder of the present embodiment is stored in a vacuum or atmosphere-protected environment. Compared with untreated waste powder, the fluidity of the metal powder treated by the embodiment is improved by 20%; the sphericity is improved to over 90 percent from the initial less than 85 percent; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the powder can be reduced to below 980ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches above 90%, so that the powder can be used for 3D printing forming again, and the utilization rate of raw materials is improved to above 90%.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the metal powder in the first step is titanium alloy powder, aluminum alloy, stainless steel powder, iron powder, nickel-based alloy, copper alloy, tungsten or molybdenum alloy; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the second difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the titanium alloy is TA1, TA15, TC21, TB8, TA18 or Ti45 Nb. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the stainless steel is 304 or 316. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the nickel-based alloy is 718, 625 or 690. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the second difference between the present embodiment and the second embodiment is that the tungsten alloy is W90Ni 10. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the second difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the aluminum alloy is AlSi20 or AlSi10 Mg. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and the first to seventh embodiments is that the plasma generator in the second step is a dc arc plasma device, a high frequency induction plasma processing device or a radio frequency plasma generator. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in the annealing method of titanium alloy powder in the fourth step: preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 700-900 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in the annealing method of the aluminum alloy powder in the fourth step: preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 350-450 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in the method for annealing stainless steel powder in the fourth step: preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in the annealing method of molybdenum alloy powder in the fourth step: preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 650-750 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in the annealing method of the tungsten alloy powder in the fourth step: preserving heat for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is fourteen: the difference between this embodiment and one-thirteen differences from the embodiment is that the shielding gas in the first step is high-purity argon gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%, high-purity helium gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%, or high-purity nitrogen gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%. The others are the same as the first to thirteenth embodiments.
The following examples are used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1: the regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste TA1 titanium alloy powder: screening the recovered waste TA1 titanium alloy powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine under an argon protective atmosphere environment to remove large particles, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 300 meshes, and the screening time is 30 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the TA1 titanium alloy powder sieved in the step one to a TEKNA plasma spheroidizing device, wherein the conveying powder amount is 1kg/h, the power of a plasma generator is 25kW, and the argon gas flow velocity in the plasma generator is 2m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.4 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the TA1 titanium alloy powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine under the argon atmosphere protection environment to remove large particles, wherein the mesh number of the screening machine is 300, and the screening time is 30 min;
fourthly, annealing: and (3) putting the metal powder treated in the step three into a vacuum annealing furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour at the temperature of 800 ℃, then cooling along with the furnace for annealing, eliminating thermal stress formed on the surface of the powder, improving the fluidity and finishing the regeneration of the 3D printed and recycled metal powder.
Fig. 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the TA1 titanium alloy powder recovered in step one of this example after 3D printing, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the recovered waste powder has rough surface of powder particles, and contains non-spherical particles, defect particles, and irregular particles.
The scanning electron micrograph of the TA1 titanium alloy powder obtained in step four is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the surface of the TA1 titanium alloy particle becomes smooth and the sphericity is improved.
The performance indexes of the TA1 titanium alloy powder recovered in the first step of the present example and discarded after 3D printing and molding and the TA1 titanium alloy powder obtained after the fourth step of the present example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance indices of TA1 titanium alloy powder before and after regeneration
| Performance index | Before regeneration | After regeneration |
| Sphericity degree% | 87 | 93.1 |
| Oxygen content, ppm | 1100 | 978 |
| Bulk density, g/cm3 | 2.59 | 2.66 |
| D50，um | 32.93 | 31.74 |
Example 2: the regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste TC4 titanium alloy powder: screening the recovered waste TC4 titanium alloy powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine under the protection of argon atmosphere to remove large particles, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 200 meshes, and the screening time is 30 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the TC4 titanium alloy powder sieved in the step one to plasma spheroidizing equipment, wherein the conveying powder amount is 1kg/h, and the power of a radio frequency plasma generator is 30kW, the flow rate of argon gas inside the plasma generator was 2m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.4 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the TA1 titanium alloy powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine under the argon atmosphere protection environment to remove large particles, wherein the screening machine has a screen mesh number of 200, and the screening time is 30 min;
fourthly, annealing: and (3) putting the metal powder treated in the step three into a vacuum annealing furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour at the temperature of 850 ℃, then cooling along with the furnace for annealing, eliminating thermal stress formed on the surface of the powder, improving the fluidity and finishing the regeneration of the 3D printed and recycled metal powder.
TABLE 2 Performance indices of TC4 titanium alloy powders before and after regeneration
| Performance index | Before regeneration | After regeneration |
| Sphericity degree% | 86.5 | 93.2 |
| Oxygen content, ppm | 1073 | 903 |
| Bulk density, g/cm3 | 2.63 | 2.80 |
| D50，um | 48.7 | 42.58 |
Example 3: the regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste TC11 titanium alloy powder: screening the recovered waste TC11 titanium alloy powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine under the protection of argon atmosphere to remove large particles, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 200 meshes, and the screening time is 30 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the TC4 titanium alloy powder sieved in the step one to plasma spheroidizing equipment, wherein the conveying powder amount is 0.5kg/h, the power of a plasma generator is 26kW, and the argon gas flow velocity in the plasma generator is 2m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.4 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the TC11 titanium alloy powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine under the argon atmosphere protection environment to remove large particles, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 200 meshes, and the screening time is 30 min;
fourthly, annealing: and (3) putting the metal powder treated in the step three into a vacuum annealing furnace, preserving heat for 1 hour at the temperature of 800 ℃, then cooling along with the furnace for annealing, eliminating thermal stress formed on the surface of the powder, improving the fluidity and finishing the regeneration of the 3D printed and recycled metal powder.
TABLE 3 Performance indices of TC11 titanium alloy powders before and after regeneration
| Performance index | Before regeneration | After regeneration |
| Sphericity degree% | 85.8 | 92.1 |
| Oxygen content, ppm | 1130 | 987 |
| Bulk density, g/cm3 | 2.48 | 2.67 |
| D50，um | 57.85 | 51.56 |
Claims (10)
1. A regeneration method for recovering metal powder through 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, collecting and screening waste metal powder: screening the recovered waste metal powder after 3D printing and forming by using a screening machine to remove large particles in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
secondly, plasma treatment: conveying the metal powder sieved in the step one into plasma spheroidizing equipment, wherein the powder conveying amount is 0.5-1 kg/h, the power of a plasma generator is 10-50 kW, and the flow rate of argon gas inside the plasma generator is 0.5-2.5 m3Shaping and purifying under the condition that the system pressure is 0.2-0.5 Pa;
thirdly, screening: screening the metal powder treated in the second step by using a screening machine to remove large particles in a vacuum or atmosphere protection environment, wherein the screen mesh number of the screening machine is 100-325 meshes, and the screening time is 30-60 min;
fourthly, annealing: and (4) annealing the metal powder treated in the step three in a vacuum annealing furnace to complete the regeneration of the 3D printed and recovered metal powder.
2. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder in the first step is titanium alloy powder, aluminum alloy, stainless steel powder, iron powder, nickel-based alloy, copper alloy, tungsten or molybdenum alloy.
3. The recycling method of recycled metal powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein said titanium alloy is TA1, TA15, TC21, TB8, TA18 or Ti45 Nb.
4. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy is AlSi20 or AlSi10 Mg.
5. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 2, wherein said stainless steel is 304 or 316.
6. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plasma generator in the plasma spheroidizing device in the second step is a direct current arc plasma device, a high frequency induction plasma processing device or a radio frequency plasma generator.
7. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the annealing step four, the annealing method of titanium alloy powder is to keep the temperature at 700-900 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and then to cool the titanium alloy powder along with the furnace.
8. The recycling method of 3D printing recycled metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the annealing in the fourth step, the annealing method of aluminum alloy powder is to keep the temperature at 350-450 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and then to cool the aluminum alloy powder with the furnace.
9. The recycling method of recycled metal powder for 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the annealing of stainless steel powder in the fourth step is performed by maintaining the temperature at 900-1000 ℃ for 1-2 hours and then cooling along with the furnace.
10. The 3D printing recycling method of metal powder of claim 1 or 2, wherein the shielding gas in the first step is high purity argon gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%, high purity helium gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%, or high purity nitrogen gas with a mass percentage concentration of more than 99.999%.
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| CN113427011A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-09-24 | 苏州英纳特纳米科技有限公司 | Recycling method of spherical high-temperature alloy powder GH4169 |
| CN115475964A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-16 | 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 | Recycling method of powder for additive manufacturing |
| CN115475964B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2023-06-02 | 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 | Recycling method of powder for additive manufacturing |
| RU2779558C1 (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-09-09 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова Российской академии наук | Method for regeneration in thermal plasma of waste metal powders of additive technologies |
| CN114570932A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-03 | 黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院 | Method for preparing spherical titanium-aluminum alloy powder from cuttings |
| CN114671688A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-28 | 成都露思特新材料科技有限公司 | 3D printing piece of bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric material, printing method thereof and thermoelectric device |
| CN114682793A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-01 | 安徽筑梦三维智能制造研究院有限公司 | Processing method of titanium alloy product based on 3D printing |
| CN114682793B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-05-30 | 安徽筑梦三维智能制造研究院有限公司 | Processing method based on 3D printing titanium alloy product |
| CN115055695A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-16 | 上海交通大学 | Method for judging usability of recyclable powder for additive manufacturing |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |