CN111314705B - Non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding and application thereof - Google Patents

Non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111314705B
CN111314705B CN202010109439.3A CN202010109439A CN111314705B CN 111314705 B CN111314705 B CN 111314705B CN 202010109439 A CN202010109439 A CN 202010109439A CN 111314705 B CN111314705 B CN 111314705B
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CN111314705A (en
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王安红
唐甜
李素月
张�雄
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/39—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability involving multiple description coding [MDC], i.e. with separate layers being structured as independently decodable descriptions of input picture data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0014—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the source coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

A non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of image coding and transmission method, solving the technical problems of data transmission reliability and improving system capacity, the transmission system comprises the following steps: suppose there is one base station and user 1, user 2. At the transmitting end, the desired signals of user 1 and user 2 are first encoded via multiple descriptions to generate two descriptions, and then the base station allocates the total power to user 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
p, allocating total power to user 2
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
p, at the same time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
(ii) a The descriptions of the two users are then superimposed by superposition coding. The transmission enters a rayleigh fading channel and the base station sends superimposed signals to user 1 and user 2, respectively, through two orthogonal sub-channels. At the receiving end, the serial interference cancellation technology is used to demodulate the received signals of the user 1 and the user 2 respectively, and finally the expected image is reconstructed. The invention only obviously improves the robustness and the system capacity of the transmission system and also improves the fairness of users.

Description

一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统及其应用A Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Image Transmission System Based on Multiple Description Coding and Its Application

技术领域technical field

本发明属于图像编码和传输方法技术领域，具体涉及一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统及其应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of image coding and transmission methods, and in particular relates to a non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding and its application.

背景技术Background technique

随着移动互联网时代的到来，使得手机、平板和机器人等智能终端设备得到了全面的普及。如今，互联网社交也成为了必不可少的交流方式之一，从早期的社交软件QQ、微信、微博到抖音、快手等短视频软件。互联网社交的出现不仅加快了人与人之间信息交换的速度，更降低了远距离通信的成本。然而随着社交方式越来越多样化，使得图像、视频成为了互联网中最重要的载体之一。因为图像相比于文字和语音不但具有更快的读取速度，还能够携带更大的信息量，同时这也使得人们对于图像的质量要求越来越高。图像的分辨率也从最初的“高清”、“超高清”到“2K”、“4K”甚至具有特殊要求的图像达到了“8K”，然而图像分辨率提高的同时产生了海量的数据。而对于这些数据的获取、处理、存储以及传输则成为了通信传输系统的重要组成部分。With the advent of the mobile Internet era, smart terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablets and robots have been fully popularized. Nowadays, social networking on the Internet has also become one of the indispensable ways of communication, from the early social software QQ, WeChat, Weibo to short video software such as Douyin and Kuaishou. The emergence of social networking on the Internet not only accelerates the speed of information exchange between people, but also reduces the cost of long-distance communication. However, as social methods become more and more diversified, images and videos have become one of the most important carriers on the Internet. Compared with text and voice, images not only have a faster reading speed, but also can carry a larger amount of information, and this also makes people have higher and higher requirements for image quality. The resolution of the image has also changed from the initial "high definition" and "ultra high definition" to "2K", "4K" and even "8K" for images with special requirements. The acquisition, processing, storage and transmission of these data has become an important part of the communication transmission system.

由于信道本身存在的问题，例如网络异构性、网络拥塞、传输差错(丢包和误码)、端到端的时延、有限的频谱资源等等，严重影响了数据的传输可靠性。所以采取合适的传输控制措施，成为了保证数据通信质量的关键。因此，图像编码技术和图像传输技术的联合研究也成为了目前的研究热点之一。Due to the problems of the channel itself, such as network heterogeneity, network congestion, transmission errors (packet loss and bit error), end-to-end delay, limited spectrum resources, etc., the reliability of data transmission is seriously affected. Therefore, taking appropriate transmission control measures has become the key to ensure the quality of data communication. Therefore, the joint research of image coding technology and image transmission technology has also become one of the current research hotspots.

随着互联网应用的飞速发展，网络数据量也呈现指数级增长。因此4G网络已无法应对急剧增长的海量数据，从而第五代通信技术(5G)移动通信技术应运而生。它不仅可以满足海量终端的同时接入，还具有更高的传输速率和更低的端到端时延。目前国际公认的5G技术的全球连接总数可达1000亿，数据传输速率可以达到10-20Gbps(是4G峰值速率的10-20倍)，用户体验数据速率达到1Gbps(是4G用户体验速率的100倍)，网络端到端的时延缩短至1ms(是4G的五分之一)，系统的频谱效率提高5-10倍。With the rapid development of Internet applications, the amount of network data has also shown exponential growth. Therefore, the 4G network has been unable to cope with the rapid growth of massive data, so the fifth generation communication technology (5G) mobile communication technology has emerged as the times require. It can not only meet the simultaneous access of massive terminals, but also has higher transmission rate and lower end-to-end delay. At present, the total number of global connections of internationally recognized 5G technology can reach 100 billion, the data transmission rate can reach 10-20Gbps (10-20 times the peak rate of 4G), and the user experience data rate can reach 1Gbps (100 times the user experience rate of 4G). ), the end-to-end delay of the network is shortened to 1ms (one-fifth of 4G), and the spectral efficiency of the system is increased by 5-10 times.

然而，面对新一代无线网络的需求和移动通信技术的发展，使得有限的频谱资源越来越紧缺，而高频频谱资源尚未得到开发。所以在5G必须寻找更先进的技术来解决这些问题，而非正交多址技术(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access，NOMA)以其优异的频谱效率(Spectral Efficiency，SE)而被认为是5G网络中最有希望的候选方案。对于无线网络，其底层的物理连接称为无线接入技术，它是通过无线接入网络(Radio Access Network,RAN)实现的。RAN通过使用信道无线接入技术为移动终端提供核心网络连接。而设计合适的多址接入技术是提高系统容量的关键因素之一。However, facing the demands of the new generation of wireless networks and the development of mobile communication technologies, the limited spectrum resources are becoming more and more scarce, while the high-frequency spectrum resources have not yet been developed. Therefore, in 5G, more advanced technologies must be found to solve these problems. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology is considered to be the most efficient in 5G networks due to its excellent spectral efficiency (Spectral Efficiency, SE). Promising candidate. For a wireless network, its underlying physical connection is called a wireless access technology, which is implemented through a radio access network (RAN). RAN provides core network connectivity for mobile terminals by using channel radio access technology. Designing an appropriate multiple access technology is one of the key factors to improve system capacity.

互联网在发展宽度的同时也在发展维度，多种多路复用技术和多路转发技术被广泛应用，以最大化的发挥网络带宽价值。去中心化的互联网使得一个信息给多个用户共享，即多个用户向基站请求相同的的图像内容时，基站可在共享的资源上同时发送内容。因此，有效地利用了有限的频谱资源，同时显著降低了基站的发射功率。多描述编码技术(Multiple Description Coding，MDC)作为效率高容错性强的编码技术，不仅能够适应易错网络，还可以实现多路同时传输保证多个用户共享信息。作为一种常见的抗差错技术，MDC将一个图像编码成多个同等重要的描述，每个子描述独立的发送到接收端。在接收端，即使只接收到一个描述，也可以独立地进行解码和重构。同时，解码重建的效果会随着接收到的描述的数量的增加而得到完善。但是由于每个描述不仅包含自身的重要信息，还包含有助于恢复其他描述的冗余信息，因此在编码过程中会产生更大的数据量。While the Internet is developing in width, it is also developing in dimension. A variety of multiplexing technologies and multiple forwarding technologies are widely used to maximize the value of network bandwidth. The decentralized Internet allows one piece of information to be shared by multiple users, that is, when multiple users request the same image content from the base station, the base station can simultaneously send the content on the shared resource. Therefore, the limited spectrum resources are effectively utilized while significantly reducing the transmit power of the base station. Multiple Description Coding (MDC), as a high-efficiency and fault-tolerant coding technology, can not only adapt to error-prone networks, but also realize multi-channel simultaneous transmission to ensure that multiple users share information. As a common anti-error technology, MDC encodes an image into multiple equally important descriptions, and each sub-description is sent to the receiving end independently. At the receiving end, even if only one description is received, it can be decoded and reconstructed independently. At the same time, the effect of decoding reconstruction will be improved with the increase of the number of received descriptions. But since each description not only contains its own important information, but also contains redundant information that helps to recover other descriptions, a larger amount of data is generated during the encoding process.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有技术的不足，解决数据传输可靠性及提高系统容量的技术问题，本发明提供一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统及其应用。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the technical problems of data transmission reliability and system capacity improvement, the present invention provides a non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding and its application.

本发明的设计构思为：将非正交多址技术和多描述编码进行结合，利用非正交多址技术的频谱效率的高效性和具有更高的系统容量的优势结合多描述编码的高容错性，以构建一个可靠且稳定的传输网络。The design concept of the present invention is to combine non-orthogonal multiple access technology and multiple description coding, and utilize the high efficiency of spectrum efficiency and the advantages of higher system capacity of non-orthogonal multiple access technology combined with the high fault tolerance of multiple description coding To build a reliable and stable transmission network.

本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统，包括以下步骤：A non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, comprising the following steps:

Ⅰ.发送端信号处理：在下行的多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，假设发送端包括一个基站和两个用户，两个用户分别为距离基站远的用户1和距离基站近的用户2，发送端信号处理的步骤如下：Ⅰ. Signal processing at the sending end: In the downlink non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system with multi-description coding, it is assumed that the sending end includes a base station and two users, and the two users are user 1 far away from the base station and user 1 near the base station For user 2, the signal processing steps at the sending end are as follows:

a.多描述编码a. Multiple description coding

a1.分别读入用户1和用户2的图像序列x1和x2；a1. Read in the image sequences x 1 and x 2 of user 1 and user 2 respectively;

a2.使用MDC编码器对步骤a1获得的图像序列x1和x2编码，使得两个图像序列x1和x2对应生成两个描述x1,k和x2,k，其中k表示第k个子信道进行传输，k＝1或k＝2；a2. Use the MDC encoder to encode the image sequences x 1 and x 2 obtained in step a1, so that the two image sequences x 1 and x 2 correspond to generate two descriptions x 1,k and x 2,k , where k represents the kth sub-channels for transmission, k=1 or k=2;

a3.将步骤a2得到的描述x1,k和x2,k分别进行信源编码，生成二进制比特流；a3. The description x 1,k and x 2,k obtained in step a2 are respectively source coded to generate a binary bit stream;

a4.对步骤a3生成的二进制比特流进行数字调制，调制成相应的符号；a4. digitally modulate the binary bit stream generated in step a3, and modulate into corresponding symbols;

b.功率分配b. Power distribution

根据用户1和用户2对应的信道状态信息h1,k和h2,k对步骤a4调制后的信号进行功率分配，其中h1,k和,h2,k分别为用户1和用户2的信道增益，并且h1,k＜h2,k；假设总功率为p，用户1分配的功率为αkp，用户2分配的功率为(1-αk)p的，并且0＜αk＜1，αk＞(1-αk)，完成用户1与用户2功率分配；According to the channel state information h 1,k and h 2,k corresponding to user 1 and user 2, power allocation is performed on the modulated signal in step a4, where h 1,k and h 2,k are user 1 and user 2 respectively Channel gain, and h 1,k <h 2,k ; Suppose the total power is p, the power allocated by user 1 is α k p, and the power allocated by user 2 is (1-α k )p, and 0<α k <1, α k >(1-α k ), completing the power allocation between user 1 and user 2;

c.叠加编码：将步骤b功率分配后的信号进行叠加编码，得到叠加信号Xk，如公式(1)所示：c. Superposition coding: Superposition coding is performed on the signal after the power distribution in step b to obtain superposition signal X k , as shown in formula (1):

Figure GDA0004036280420000031
Figure GDA0004036280420000031

d.OFDM调制：将步骤c叠加编码后获得的叠加信号进行OFDM调制，得到OFDM传输信号；d. OFDM modulation: performing OFDM modulation on the superimposed signal obtained after superposition and encoding in step c, to obtain an OFDM transmission signal;

Ⅱ步骤Ⅰ多描述编码处理后的OFDM传输信号进入瑞利衰落信道，发射到接收端；II Step I mostly describes that the encoded OFDM transmission signal enters the Rayleigh fading channel and is transmitted to the receiving end;

Ⅲ.接收端信号解码重建：接收端信号解码重建的过程与发送端信号处理的过程相反，包括以下步骤：Ⅲ. Signal decoding and reconstruction at the receiving end: The process of decoding and reconstructing the signal at the receiving end is opposite to the process of signal processing at the sending end, including the following steps:

S1.接收端将接收到的串行信号转换为并行接收信号，并行接收信号如公式(2)所示：S1. The receiving end converts the received serial signal into a parallel receiving signal, and the parallel receiving signal is shown in formula (2):

y1＝h1,kXK+n1,k y 1 =h 1,k X K +n 1,k

y2＝h2,kXK+n2,k(2)y 2 =h 2,k X K +n 2,k (2)

式中，h1,k和,h2,k为用户1和用户2的信道增益，n1,k和n2,k为信道噪声，Xk为叠加信号；In the formula, h 1,k and ,h 2,k are the channel gains of user 1 and user 2, n 1,k and n 2,k are channel noise, X k is the superimposed signal;

S2.将步骤S1获得的并行接收信号进行OFDM解调，得到OFDM解调信号；S2. performing OFDM demodulation on the parallel received signal obtained in step S1 to obtain an OFDM demodulated signal;

S3.使用串行干扰消除接收机对步骤S2解调后的OFDM解调信号进行解码；S3. Using a serial interference cancellation receiver to decode the OFDM demodulated signal demodulated in step S2;

S4.将步骤S3串行干扰消除接收机解码后的图像进行信源解码；S4. Perform source decoding on the image decoded by the serial interference cancellation receiver in step S3;

S5.将步骤S4信源解码后的信号进行重建，完成基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输，得到期望图像。S5. Reconstruct the signal decoded from the information source in step S4, complete non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission based on multiple description coding, and obtain a desired image.

进一步地，系统性能：在基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，我们主要考虑两种传输场景：Further, system performance: In the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, we mainly consider two transmission scenarios:

①.基站对于所述步骤b中瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的：基站采用固定发射功率和速率；①. The base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information in the step b: the base station adopts fixed transmission power and rate;

②.基站对于所述步骤b中瞬时的信道状态信息是已知的：基站根据固定发送功率的无线信道的变化调节传输速率；②. The base station is known to the instantaneous channel state information in the step b: the base station adjusts the transmission rate according to the change of the wireless channel with fixed transmission power;

在此基础上进一步分析了基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的中断概率和遍历速率。On this basis, the outage probability and ergodic rate of non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding are further analyzed.

进一步地，当基站对于瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的时，基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的中断概率如下：Furthermore, when the base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information, the outage probability of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is as follows:

在基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，定义当用户1无法成功解码x1,k或用户2无法解码x2,k时，图像传输系统发生中断；用户1能够成功解码x1,k，须满足以下条件：

Figure GDA0004036280420000044
其中R1为用户1的预定义目标传输速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000045
为用户1接收子描述x1,k的实际接收速率；用户2能够成功解码x2,k，须满足以下两个条件：用户2成功解码x1,k，同时用户2成功解码x2,k，即
Figure GDA0004036280420000046
且
Figure GDA0004036280420000047
其中R2为用户2的预定义目标传输速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000048
为用户2接收子描述x1,k的实际接收速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000049
为用户2接收子描述x2,k的实际接收速率；In the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, it is defined that when user 1 cannot successfully decode x 1,k or user 2 cannot decode x 2,k , the image transmission system is interrupted; user 1 can successfully decode x 1,k , must meet the following conditions:
Figure GDA0004036280420000044
where R1 is the predefined target transmission rate of user 1,
Figure GDA0004036280420000045
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 1,k for user 1 receiving sub-description; user 2 can successfully decode x 2,k , the following two conditions must be met: user 2 successfully decodes x 1,k , and user 2 successfully decodes x 2,k ,Right now
Figure GDA0004036280420000046
and
Figure GDA0004036280420000047
where R 2 is the predefined target transmission rate of user 2,
Figure GDA0004036280420000048
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 1,k for user 2's receiver,
Figure GDA0004036280420000049
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 2,k for user 2's receiver;

在子信道1上的数据传输速率，

Figure GDA00040362804200000410
为用户1在子信道1上的数据传输速率；The data transmission rate on subchannel 1,
Figure GDA00040362804200000410
is the data transmission rate of user 1 on sub-channel 1;

用户1和用户2的中断概率如公式(3)所示：The outage probability of user 1 and user 2 is shown in formula (3):

Figure GDA0004036280420000041
Figure GDA0004036280420000041

基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的总中断概率如公式(4)所示：The total outage probability of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is shown in formula (4):

PO＝P(O1)×P(Ο2)。 (4)P O =P(O 1 )×P(Ο 2 ). (4)

进一步地，当基站对于瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的时，基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的遍历速率如下：Furthermore, when the base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information, the ergodic rate of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is as follows:

Ⅰ.用户1的遍历速率：从基站到用户1的传输遍历速率如公式(5)所示：Ⅰ. Ergodic rate of user 1: The ergodic rate of transmission from the base station to user 1 is shown in formula (5):

Figure GDA0004036280420000042
Figure GDA0004036280420000042

Ⅱ.用户2的遍历速率：从基站到用户2的传输遍历速率如公式(6)所示：Ⅱ. Ergodic rate of user 2: The ergodic rate of transmission from the base station to user 2 is shown in formula (6):

Figure GDA0004036280420000043
Figure GDA0004036280420000043

Ⅲ.遍历和速率：遍历和速率

Figure GDA0004036280420000052
为从基站到用户1的遍历速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000053
以及从基站到用户2的遍历速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000055
的总和，遍历和速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000054
如公式(7)所示：Ⅲ. Ergodic and Velocity: Ergodic and Velocity
Figure GDA0004036280420000052
is the ergodic rate from base station to user 1
Figure GDA0004036280420000053
and the ergodic rate from base station to user 2
Figure GDA0004036280420000055
The sum, traversal and rate of
Figure GDA0004036280420000054
As shown in formula (7):

Figure GDA0004036280420000051
Figure GDA0004036280420000051

一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统，用于要求不同信道带宽的场合以及对图像质量有可伸缩性的场合。A non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, which is used in occasions requiring different channel bandwidths and in occasions where image quality is scalable.

与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果为：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1.本发明同时采用了多描述编码、功率分配算法、叠加编码以及穿行干扰消除技术，在本发明中，不仅明显提升了传输系统的鲁棒性和系统容量，还提高了用户公平性。1. The present invention simultaneously adopts multiple description coding, power allocation algorithm, superposition coding and pass-through interference elimination technology. In the present invention, not only the robustness and system capacity of the transmission system are obviously improved, but also user fairness is improved.

2.与传统的图像传输方法相比，本发明的创新点及其优势体现在以下几点：2. Compared with traditional image transmission methods, the innovations and advantages of the present invention are reflected in the following points:

1)多描述编码将一个图像序列编码成两个具有同等重要性的描述，在接收端收到的任何描述都可以相对于原始图像重建出粗糙但可接受的图像，并且随着接收到的描述的增加，重建的质量也在逐渐提高。从而有效地解决了传统信源编码在不可靠网络上进行传输时由于丢包和延时造成的质量严重下降的问题；1) Multi-description coding encodes an image sequence into two descriptions with equal importance. Any description received at the receiving end can reconstruct a rough but acceptable image relative to the original image, and with the received description The quality of the reconstruction is also gradually improving. Thus effectively solving the problem of serious quality degradation caused by packet loss and delay when traditional source codes are transmitted on unreliable networks;

2)在发送端，根据用户的信道状态信息为其分配不同的功率，使得信道较差的用户可以获得较多的功率，信道较好的用户获得较小的功率，通过调整功率分配比，来提高用户公平性，使得两用户都可以重建出较好质量的图像；2) At the sending end, users are allocated different power according to their channel state information, so that users with poor channels can obtain more power, and users with better channels can obtain less power. By adjusting the power allocation ratio, the Improve user fairness, so that both users can reconstruct images with better quality;

3)通过使用叠加编码，有效的提高了频谱效率和系统吞吐量。3) By using superposition coding, the spectrum efficiency and system throughput are effectively improved.

3.本发明适合于要求不同的信道带宽和对图像质量有可伸缩性的应用场合。3. The present invention is suitable for applications requiring different channel bandwidths and scalability to image quality.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的系统方案框架图；Fig. 1 is a system scheme frame diagram of the present invention;

图2为本发明中多描述编码框架图；Fig. 2 is a frame diagram of multiple description coding in the present invention;

图3为本发明中串行干扰消除技术示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of serial interference elimination technology in the present invention;

图4为本发明的数字传输系统框架图；Fig. 4 is a frame diagram of the digital transmission system of the present invention;

图5为用户1和用户2关于不同功率分配因子的中断概率图；Fig. 5 is the outage probability diagram of user 1 and user 2 with respect to different power allocation factors;

图6为用户1关于不同功率分配因子的遍历速率图；Fig. 6 is user 1's ergodic rate diagram about different power allocation factors;

图7为用户2关于不同功率分配因子的遍历速率图；Fig. 7 is user 2's ergodic rate diagram about different power allocation factors;

图8为不同压缩比下的PSNR性能图；Figure 8 is a PSNR performance diagram under different compression ratios;

图9为本发明与传统正交多址方案、传统非正交多址方案和多描述正交多址方案的中断概率的对比图；Fig. 9 is a comparison diagram of the outage probability of the present invention and the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme, the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme and the multiple description orthogonal multiple access scheme;

图10为本发明与传统正交多址方案、传统非正交多址方案和多描述正交多址方案的遍历和速率的对比图。Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the traversal and rate of the present invention with the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme, the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme and the multi-description orthogonal multiple access scheme.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明，实施例均按照常规实验条件。另外，对于本领域技术人员而言，在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的前提下，对这些实施方案中的物料成分和用量进行的各种修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the examples are all in accordance with conventional experimental conditions. In addition, for those skilled in the art, on the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various modifications or improvements to the material components and dosage in these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

如图1至图4所示的一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统，包括以下步骤：A non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding as shown in Figures 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

Ⅰ.发送端信号处理：在下行的多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，假设发送端包括一个基站和两个用户，两个用户分别为距离基站远的用户1和距离基站近的用户2，发送端信号处理的步骤如下：Ⅰ. Signal processing at the sending end: In the downlink non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system with multi-description coding, it is assumed that the sending end includes a base station and two users, and the two users are user 1 far away from the base station and user 1 near the base station For user 2, the signal processing steps at the sending end are as follows:

a.多描述编码a. Multiple description coding

a1.分别读入用户1和用户2的图像序列x1和x2；a1. Read in the image sequences x 1 and x 2 of user 1 and user 2 respectively;

a2.使用MDC编码器对步骤a1获得的图像序列x1和x2编码，使得两个图像序列x1和x2对应生成两个描述x1,k和x2,k，其中k表示第k个子信道进行传输，k＝1或k＝2；a2. Use the MDC encoder to encode the image sequences x 1 and x 2 obtained in step a1, so that the two image sequences x 1 and x 2 correspond to generate two descriptions x 1,k and x 2,k , where k represents the kth sub-channels for transmission, k=1 or k=2;

a3.将步骤a2得到的描述x1,k和x2,k分别进行信源编码，生成二进制比特流；a3. The description x 1,k and x 2,k obtained in step a2 are respectively source coded to generate a binary bit stream;

a4.对步骤a3生成的二进制比特流进行数字调制，调制成相应的符号；a4. digitally modulate the binary bit stream generated in step a3, and modulate into corresponding symbols;

b.功率分配b. Power distribution

根据用户1和用户2对应的信道状态信息h1,k和h2,k对步骤a4调制后的信号进行功率分配，其中h1,k和,h2,k分别为用户1和用户2的信道增益，并且h1,k＜h2,k；假设总功率为p，用户1分配的功率为αkp，用户2分配的功率为(1-αk)p的，并且0＜αk＜1，αk＞(1-αk)，完成用户1与用户2功率分配；According to the channel state information h 1,k and h 2,k corresponding to user 1 and user 2, power allocation is performed on the modulated signal in step a4, where h 1,k and h 2,k are user 1 and user 2 respectively Channel gain, and h 1,k <h 2,k ; Suppose the total power is p, the power allocated by user 1 is α k p, and the power allocated by user 2 is (1-α k )p, and 0<α k <1, α k >(1-α k ), completing the power allocation between user 1 and user 2;

c.叠加编码：将步骤b功率分配后的信号进行叠加编码，得到叠加信号Xk，如公式(1)所示：c. Superposition coding: Superposition coding is performed on the signal after the power distribution in step b to obtain superposition signal X k , as shown in formula (1):

Figure GDA0004036280420000061
Figure GDA0004036280420000061

d.OFDM调制：将步骤c叠加编码后获得的叠加信号进行OFDM调制，得到OFDM传输信号；d. OFDM modulation: performing OFDM modulation on the superimposed signal obtained after superposition and encoding in step c, to obtain an OFDM transmission signal;

Ⅱ步骤Ⅰ多描述编码处理后的OFDM传输信号进入瑞利衰落信道，发射到接收端；II Step I mostly describes that the encoded OFDM transmission signal enters the Rayleigh fading channel and is transmitted to the receiving end;

Ⅲ.接收端信号解码重建：接收端信号解码重建的过程与发送端信号处理的过程相反，包括以下步骤：Ⅲ. Signal decoding and reconstruction at the receiving end: The process of decoding and reconstructing the signal at the receiving end is opposite to the process of signal processing at the sending end, including the following steps:

S1.接收端将接收到的串行信号转换为并行接收信号，并行接收信号如公式(2)所示：S1. The receiving end converts the received serial signal into a parallel receiving signal, and the parallel receiving signal is shown in formula (2):

y1＝h1,kXK+n1,k y 1 =h 1,k X K +n 1,k

y2＝h2,kXK+n2,k(2)y 2 =h 2,k X K +n 2,k (2)

式中，h1,k和,h2,k为用户1和用户2的信道增益，n1,k和n2,k为信道噪声，Xk为叠加信号；In the formula, h 1,k and ,h 2,k are the channel gains of user 1 and user 2, n 1,k and n 2,k are channel noise, X k is the superimposed signal;

S2.将步骤S1获得的并行接收信号进行OFDM解调，得到OFDM解调信号；S2. performing OFDM demodulation on the parallel received signal obtained in step S1 to obtain an OFDM demodulated signal;

S3.使用串行干扰消除接收机对步骤S2解调后的OFDM解调信号进行解码；S3. Using a serial interference cancellation receiver to decode the OFDM demodulated signal demodulated in step S2;

S4.将步骤S3串行干扰消除接收机解码后的图像进行信源解码；S4. Perform source decoding on the image decoded by the serial interference cancellation receiver in step S3;

S5.将步骤S4信源解码后的信号进行重建，完成基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输，得到期望图像。S5. Reconstruct the signal decoded from the information source in step S4, complete non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission based on multiple description coding, and obtain a desired image.

进一步地，系统性能：在基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，我们主要考虑两种传输场景：Further, system performance: In the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, we mainly consider two transmission scenarios:

①.基站对于所述步骤b中瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的：基站采用固定发射功率和速率；①. The base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information in the step b: the base station adopts fixed transmission power and rate;

②.基站对于所述步骤b中瞬时的信道状态信息是已知的：基站根据固定发送功率的无线信道的变化调节传输速率；②. The base station is known to the instantaneous channel state information in the step b: the base station adjusts the transmission rate according to the change of the wireless channel with fixed transmission power;

在此基础上进一步分析了基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的中断概率和遍历速率。On this basis, the outage probability and ergodic rate of non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding are further analyzed.

进一步地，当基站对于瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的时，基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的中断概率如下：Furthermore, when the base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information, the outage probability of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is as follows:

在基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统中，定义当用户1无法成功解码x1,k或用户2无法解码x2,k时，图像传输系统发生中断；用户1能够成功解码x1,k，须满足以下条件：

Figure GDA0004036280420000071
其中R1为用户1的预定义目标传输速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000072
为用户1接收子描述x1,k的实际接收速率；；用户2能够成功解码x2,k，须满足以下两个条件：用户2成功解码x1,k，同时用户2成功解码x2,k，即
Figure GDA0004036280420000073
且
Figure GDA0004036280420000074
其中R2为用户2的预定义目标传输速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000075
为用户2接收子描述x1,k的实际接收速率，
Figure GDA0004036280420000076
为用户2接收子描述x2,k的实际接收速率；In the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, it is defined that when user 1 cannot successfully decode x 1,k or user 2 cannot decode x 2,k , the image transmission system is interrupted; user 1 can successfully decode x 1,k , must meet the following conditions:
Figure GDA0004036280420000071
where R1 is the predefined target transmission rate of user 1,
Figure GDA0004036280420000072
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 1,k for user 1; User 2 can successfully decode x 2,k if the following two conditions are met: user 2 successfully decodes x 1,k and user 2 successfully decodes x 2, k , ie
Figure GDA0004036280420000073
and
Figure GDA0004036280420000074
where R 2 is the predefined target transmission rate of user 2,
Figure GDA0004036280420000075
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 1,k for user 2's receiver,
Figure GDA0004036280420000076
Describe the actual receiving rate of x 2,k for user 2's receiver;

用户1和用户2的中断概率如公式(3)所示：The outage probability of user 1 and user 2 is shown in formula (3):

Figure GDA0004036280420000081
Figure GDA0004036280420000081

基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的总中断概率如公式(4)所示：The total outage probability of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is shown in formula (4):

PO＝P(O1)×P(Ο2)。(4)P O =P(O 1 )×P(Ο 2 ). (4)

进一步地，当基站对于瞬时的信道状态信息是未知的时，基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统的遍历速率如下：Furthermore, when the base station is unknown to the instantaneous channel state information, the ergodic rate of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding is as follows:

Ⅰ.用户1的遍历速率：从基站到用户1的传输遍历速率如公式(5)所示：Ⅰ. Ergodic rate of user 1: The ergodic rate of transmission from the base station to user 1 is shown in formula (5):

Figure GDA0004036280420000082
Figure GDA0004036280420000082

Ⅱ.用户2的遍历速率：从基站到用户2的传输遍历速率如公式(6)所示：Ⅱ. Ergodic rate of user 2: The ergodic rate of transmission from the base station to user 2 is shown in formula (6):

Figure GDA0004036280420000083
Figure GDA0004036280420000083

Ⅲ.遍历和速率：遍历和速率

Figure GDA0004036280420000084
为从基站到用户1的遍历速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000085
以及从基站到用户2的遍历速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000086
的总和，遍历和速率
Figure GDA0004036280420000087
如公式(7)所示：Ⅲ. Ergodic and Velocity: Ergodic and Velocity
Figure GDA0004036280420000084
is the ergodic rate from base station to user 1
Figure GDA0004036280420000085
and the ergodic rate from base station to user 2
Figure GDA0004036280420000086
The sum, traversal and rate of
Figure GDA0004036280420000087
As shown in formula (7):

Figure GDA0004036280420000088
Figure GDA0004036280420000088

一种基于多描述编码的非正交多址图像传输系统，用于要求不同信道带宽的场合以及对图像质量有可伸缩性的场合。A non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on multiple description coding, which is used in occasions requiring different channel bandwidths and in occasions where image quality is scalable.

图5为用户1和用户2关于不同功率分配因子的中断概率图，从图中可以看出，仿真结果曲线与分析结果曲线完全拟合，且用户2的中断概率高于用户1。Figure 5 is the outage probability diagram of user 1 and user 2 with respect to different power allocation factors. It can be seen from the figure that the simulation result curve is completely fitted with the analysis result curve, and the outage probability of user 2 is higher than that of user 1.

图6为用户1关于不同功率分配因子的遍历速率图，从图中可以看出，仿真结果曲线与分析结果曲线完全拟合，且随着功率分配比的提高，用户1的遍历速率在逐渐的提高。Figure 6 is the ergodic rate diagram of user 1 with different power allocation factors. It can be seen from the figure that the simulation result curve is completely fitted with the analysis result curve, and with the increase of the power allocation ratio, the ergodic rate of user 1 is gradually increasing. improve.

图7为用户2关于不同功率分配因子的遍历速率图，从图中可以看出，仿真结果曲线与分析结果曲线完全拟合，且随着功率分配比的提高，用户2的遍历速率在逐渐的减小。Figure 7 is the ergodic rate diagram of user 2 with respect to different power allocation factors. It can be seen from the figure that the simulation result curve is completely fitted with the analysis result curve, and with the increase of the power allocation ratio, the ergodic rate of user 2 is gradually increasing. decrease.

图8为不同压缩比下的PSNR性能图，从图中可以看出，随着压缩比的增大，PSNR在不断的变小，使用中心解码器的PSNR值要高于边路解码器，同时用户2的PSNR性能要优于用户1。Figure 8 is the PSNR performance diagram under different compression ratios. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of the compression ratio, the PSNR is constantly decreasing, and the PSNR value of the center decoder is higher than that of the side decoder. The PSNR performance of user 2 is better than that of user 1.

图9为本发明的方案和传统正交多址方案、传统非正交多址方案和多描述正交多址方案的中断概率的对比图。从图中可以看出，本发明的的中断性能是最优的，并且传统正交多址方案的中断性能是最差的。Fig. 9 is a comparison chart of outage probabilities between the scheme of the present invention and the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme, the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme and the multi-description orthogonal multiple access scheme. It can be seen from the figure that the interruption performance of the present invention is the best, and the interruption performance of the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme is the worst.

图10为本发明的方案和传统正交多址方案、传统非正交多址方案和多描述正交多址方案的遍历和速率的对比图。从图中可以看出传统非正交多址方案的性能是最优的，但本发明与其性能差距并不明显。同时，在图9对中断概率进行对比图中，可以看出本发明方案在中断概率性能方面的优势要领先其他方案更多。所以这也表明，本发明牺牲了微弱的遍历速率的代价换取了更好的中断性能。Fig. 10 is a comparison diagram of the traversal and rate of the scheme of the present invention and the traditional orthogonal multiple access scheme, the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme and the multiple description orthogonal multiple access scheme. It can be seen from the figure that the performance of the traditional non-orthogonal multiple access scheme is optimal, but the performance difference of the present invention is not obvious. At the same time, in the comparison diagram of the outage probability in FIG. 9 , it can be seen that the advantages of the solution of the present invention in terms of outage probability performance are more than other solutions. Therefore, it also shows that the present invention sacrifices a weak traversal rate in exchange for better interrupt performance.

以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are all Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A multiple description coding based non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system, comprising the steps of:
i, transmitting end signal processing: in a downlink multiple description coding non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system, a transmitting end is assumed to comprise a base station and two users, wherein the two users are a user 1 far away from the base station and a user 2 close to the base station respectively, and the steps of signal processing of the transmitting end are as follows:
a. multi-description coding:
a1. respectively reading in image sequences x of user 1 and user 2 1 And x 2 ；
a2. Using MDC coder to obtain image sequence x in step a1 1 And x 2 Encoding such that two image sequences x 1 And x 2 Corresponding generation of two descriptions x 1,k And x 2,k Where k denotes the kth sub-channel for transmission, k =1 or k =2;
a3. the description x obtained in step a2 1,k And x 2,k Respectively carrying out source coding to generate binary bit streams;
a4. carrying out digital modulation on the binary bit stream generated in the step a3 to modulate the binary bit stream into a corresponding symbol;
b. power distribution:
according to the channel state information h corresponding to the user 1 and the user 2 1,k And h 2,k Performing power distribution on the signal modulated in the step a4, wherein h 1,k And, h 2,k Channel gains for user 1 and user 2, respectively, and h 1,k ＜h 2,k (ii) a Assuming total power p, user 1 allocates power α k p, user 2 allocated power of (1- α) k ) p, and 0 < alpha k ＜1，α k ＞(1-α k ) Completing the power distribution of the user 1 and the user 2;
c. superposition coding: b, performing superposition coding on the signals subjected to power distribution in the step b to obtain a superposed signal X k As shown in equation (1):
Figure FDA0004036280410000011
and d, OFDM modulation: performing OFDM modulation on the superposed signal obtained after the superposition coding in the step c to obtain an OFDM transmission signal;
II, the OFDM transmission signal after the multi-description coding processing enters a Rayleigh fading channel and is transmitted to a receiving end;
and III, decoding and reconstructing a signal at a receiving end: the process of decoding and reconstructing the signal at the receiving end is opposite to the process of processing the signal at the transmitting end, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, a receiving end converts a received serial signal into a parallel receiving signal, and the parallel receiving signal is as shown in a formula (2):
y 1 ＝h 1,k X K +n 1,k ；
y 2 ＝h 2,k X K +n 2,k ； (2)
in the formula, h 1,k And, h 2,k Channel gains for user 1 and user 2, n 1,k And n 2,k For channel noise, X k Is a superimposed signal;
s2, carrying out OFDM demodulation on the parallel received signals obtained in the step S1 to obtain OFDM demodulated signals;
s3, decoding the OFDM demodulation signal demodulated in the step S2 by using a serial interference elimination receiver;
s4, carrying out source decoding on the image decoded by the serial interference elimination receiver in the step S3;
and S5, reconstructing the signal decoded by the information source in the step S4, and completing the transmission of the non-orthogonal multiple access image based on the multiple description coding to obtain the expected image.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the image transmission system comprises: the fixed transmission power and rate of the base station during the image transmission process are either of the following two cases:
(1) the base station is unknown for the instantaneous channel state information in said step b: the base station adopts fixed transmitting power and rate;
(2) the base station is known for the instantaneous channel state information in said step b: the base station adjusts the transmission rate according to the variation of the wireless channel of the fixed transmission power.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the image transmission system comprises: when the base station is unknown for instantaneous channel state information, the outage probability of a multiple description coding based non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system is as follows:
in the transmission system of non-orthogonal multiple access image based on multiple description coding, when user 1 can not successfully decode x 1,k Or user 2 cannot decode x 2,k When the image transmission system is interrupted; user 1 can successfully decode x 1,k The following conditions must be satisfied:
Figure FDA0004036280410000021
wherein R is 1 For a predefined target transmission rate for subscriber 1, <' >>
Figure FDA0004036280410000022
Receiving a sub-description x for user 1 1,k Actual receiving rate of; user 2 can successfully decode x 2,k The following two conditions must be satisfied: user 2 successfully decodes x 1,k While user 2 successfully decodes x 2,k I.e. is->
Figure FDA0004036280410000023
And->
Figure FDA0004036280410000024
Wherein R is 2 For a predefined target transmission rate for user 2, <' >>
Figure FDA0004036280410000025
Receiving a sub-description x for user 2 1,k Is actually received, is taken into account>
Figure FDA0004036280410000026
Receiving a sub-description x for user 2 2,k Actual receiving rate of;
the outage probabilities for user 1 and user 2 are shown in equation (3):
Figure FDA0004036280410000027
the total outage probability of the multi-description coding based non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system is shown in formula (4):
P O ＝P(O 1 )×P(Ο 2 )。 (4)
4. the system according to claim 2, wherein the image transmission system based on multiple description coding comprises: when the base station is unknown for the instantaneous channel state information, the traversal rate of the non-orthogonal multiple access image transmission system based on the multiple description coding is as follows:
i. traversal rate of user 1: the transmission traversal rate from the base station to user 1 is shown in equation (5):
Figure FDA0004036280410000031
II, the traversal rate of the user 2: the transmission traversal rate from the base station to user 2 is shown in equation (6):
Figure FDA0004036280410000032
traversal and rate: traversal and rate
Figure FDA0004036280410000033
Is the traversal rate from the base station to user 1->
Figure FDA0004036280410000034
And a traversal rate from the base station to user 2 ≥>
Figure FDA0004036280410000035
Sum, traversal and rate->
Figure FDA0004036280410000036
As shown in equation (7):
Figure FDA0004036280410000037
5. the system according to claim 1, wherein the image transmission system comprises: for applications requiring different channel bandwidths and for applications with scalability in picture quality.
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