CN111313385B - Front acceleration protection method for direct current power distribution network - Google Patents
Front acceleration protection method for direct current power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- CN111313385B CN111313385B CN202010196755.9A CN202010196755A CN111313385B CN 111313385 B CN111313385 B CN 111313385B CN 202010196755 A CN202010196755 A CN 202010196755A CN 111313385 B CN111313385 B CN 111313385B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-acceleration protection method for a direct-current power distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of the direct-current power distribution network. In order to solve the problem of protection quick-acting property, a pre-acceleration idea is introduced, a first starting criterion is carried out by utilizing the instantaneous values of positive and negative electrodes and the maximum load current comparison as well as the instantaneous values of positive and negative electrodes and the bus voltage comparison, a second starting criterion is carried out by utilizing the average value of current and voltage and the fault current and voltage of a single-pole grounding high-resistance fault, a pre-acceleration protection device issues a tripping command to a direct current circuit breaker, the characteristic of an intra-area fault and an extra-area fault is utilized to restore the misoperation of the circuit breaker with the extra-area fault to be normal, the circuit breaker with the out-of-area fault is reclosed and started after the trip of the direct current circuit breaker is released for 150ms, if the fault is instantaneous fault, the fault disappears at the moment, the system recovers to be normal, and if the fault is permanent fault at the moment, the direct current breaker is opened again to remove the fault, and the pre-acceleration protection scheme is favorable for perfecting the line protection of the direct current distribution project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay protection of direct-current power distribution networks, and relates to a pre-acceleration protection method for a direct-current power distribution network.
Background
The society pays close attention to the problem of environmental pollution, and policy incentives promote the market to invest heavily and develop clean energy, and gradually promote the formation of a new energy pattern taking a power network as a main core carrier. The rapid development of direct-current clean energy such as photovoltaic and direct-drive fans, direct-current loads such as electric vehicles, data centers and intelligent buildings leads to continuous deep direct conversion degree of source and load of a power distribution network. The urban load density is increased linearly along with the acceleration of urban construction, and the traditional alternating current distribution network cannot meet the requirement of urban load. The direct-current power distribution network can effectively reduce the times of current transformation, reduce the equipment cost and the line loss and increase the conversion efficiency of electric energy, and the power supply capacity of a direct-current line is 1.6 times of that of alternating current under the same condition. Therefore, a dc distribution network based on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) technology is an effective means for solving the above problems.
Within milliseconds after the direct current side fails, the fault current suddenly rises to ten times of the steady-state current, and the safety of power electronic devices is seriously threatened, so that the direct current side fault of the direct current distribution network puts new requirements on the protection quick-action performance. The longest fault clearing time is required to be within 10ms, the action time of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker used at present is 3-4ms, namely, the trip instruction is required to be sent to the circuit breaker for protection in 6-7ms after the fault, the current protection scheme is difficult to meet the requirement of high speed and mobility and is popularized to actual engineering, and therefore a direct current distribution network protection scheme which can meet the requirement of high speed and is applied in engineering is needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pre-acceleration protection method for a direct-current power distribution network, which solves the problem that the existing direct-current power distribution network has requirements on protection speed, and can effectively improve the speed of fault removal, thereby reducing the time of fault removal.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a pre-acceleration protection method for a direct current distribution network comprises the following steps:
when the collected current satisfies i ni >k INomal ×i max Or i pi >k INomal ×i max (ii) a The collected current satisfies u ni <k UNomal ×u bus Or u pi <k UNomal ×u bus ；
Wherein k is Inormal The value is 1.5-2, k Unormal The value is 0.75-0.85; if the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the conditions, entering a pre-acceleration second-time starting criterion;
i Fault and u Faultbus The current value and the voltage value of a line passing through a 100 omega transition resistor during single-pole fault are respectively referred;
when current average value
Satisfy the requirement of
Average value of voltage
Satisfy the requirement of
If the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the conditions, the internal circuit of the system is considered to have a fault, and the acceleration protection is started;
wherein k is IFault The value of k is 0.5-0.6 UFault The value is 1;
if the state of the circuit breaker at the side is consistent with that at the opposite side, the circuit breaker at the side is in an opening state, and at the moment, the circuit breaker is considered to be an internal fault, the direct-current circuit breaker is tripped correctly, and the opening state is kept unchanged;
6, after the dissociation delay of the opened direct-current circuit breaker is removed for 150ms, the reclosing switch is started at the moment; if the line voltage rises to 0.85pu of the bus voltage within 3ms, the fault is considered to be an instantaneous fault at the moment, the system is recovered to be normal, otherwise, the fault is considered to be a permanent fault, and the direct current breaker is opened again to remove the fault.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
when the system is in normal operation, power turnover and outside fault, the line current flows from one side to the other side, the current directions collected from the two sides are positive and negative, the circuit breaker acts in the positive direction under the driving of the front acceleration protection device, and the circuit breaker acts in the negative direction.
When a direct current side circuit of the system has an internal fault, the circuit current flows to a fault point, the current directions collected by two sides of the fault circuit are positive, and the circuit breakers on the two sides act at the moment; the data collected this time or the judged state can be sent to the opposite terminal by means of communication, and the error correction can be effectively carried out on the direct current circuit breaker, so that the circuit breaker which is mistakenly operated due to the fact that the starting criterion is met is reclosed, and the misoperation caused by the speed is reduced.
It takes 2ms from the first start criterion to before the dc breaker is activated.
Each front acceleration protection device is provided with a corresponding direct current breaker, and the direct current breaker is a hybrid direct current breaker.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the speed of the protection scheme can be effectively improved by the pre-acceleration protection method, so that the fault can be quickly eliminated. Meanwhile, the state of the direct current breaker can be transmitted for error correction after the direct current breaker is tripped by utilizing communication, so that the selectivity is increased for the pre-acceleration protection; the method is very suitable for line protection of the direct current power distribution system, and is favorable for perfecting line protection of direct current power distribution engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a pre-acceleration protection method for a dc power distribution network according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a direct current distribution network line non-regional fault current flow diagram in the pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of fault current in a line area of a direct current distribution network in the pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a communication schematic diagram of a line-side pre-acceleration protection device in a pre-acceleration protection method for a dc power distribution network according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an installation schematic diagram of a dc distribution network pre-acceleration protection device adopting a pre-acceleration protection method for a dc distribution network of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a front acceleration protection method hybrid dc breaker structure for a dc distribution network employing one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(a) and 7(b) are respectively the variation trend of the line voltage and current within 10ms after the fault by adopting the pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network, wherein fig. 7(a) is the variation trend of the current, and fig. 7(b) is the variation trend of the voltage;
fig. 8(a) and 8(b) are respectively the variation trend of the line voltage and current within 225ms after the transient fault by adopting the pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network, wherein fig. 8(a) is the variation trend of the current, and fig. 8(b) is the variation trend of the voltage;
fig. 9(a) and 9(b) are respectively the variation trend of the line voltage and current within 225ms after the permanent fault by adopting the pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network, wherein fig. 9(a) is the variation trend of the current, and fig. 9(b) is the variation trend of the voltage;
fig. 10(a) and 10(b) are line voltage and current trend before and after circuit breaker action after transient fault by using the pre-acceleration protection method for dc power distribution network of the present invention, respectively, wherein fig. 10(a) is the current trend, and fig. 10(b) is the voltage trend;
fig. 11(a) and 11(b) are respectively the line voltage and current trend before and after the breaker acts after the permanent fault by the pre-acceleration protection method for the dc distribution network of the present invention, wherein fig. 11(a) is the current trend, and fig. 11(b) is the voltage trend;
fig. 12(a) and 12(b) are respectively the line voltage and current trend before and after the breaker acts for a plurality of times after the transient fault by using the pre-acceleration protection method for the dc distribution network of the present invention, wherein fig. 12(a) is the trend and fig. 12(b) is the trend of the voltage;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A schematic flow chart of a pre-acceleration protection method for a dc power distribution network is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
when the collected current satisfies i ni >k INomal ×i max Or i pi >k INomal ×i max (ii) a The collected current satisfies u ni <k UNomal ×u bus Or u pi <k UNomal ×u bus ；
Wherein k is Inormal The value is 1.5-2, k Unormal The value is 0.75-0.85; if the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the conditions, entering a pre-acceleration second-time starting criterion;
i Fault and u Faultbus The current value and the voltage value of a line passing through a 100 omega transition resistor during single-pole fault are respectively referred;
when current average value
Satisfy the requirements of
Average value of voltage
Satisfy the requirement of
If the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the conditions, the internal circuit of the system is considered to have a fault, and the acceleration protection is started;
wherein k is IFault The value of k is 0.5-0.6 UFault The value is 1;
if the state of the circuit breaker at the side is consistent with that at the opposite side, the circuit breaker at the side is in an opening state, and at the moment, the circuit breaker is considered to be an internal fault, the direct-current circuit breaker is tripped correctly, and the opening state is kept unchanged;
6, after the dissociation delay of the opened direct-current circuit breaker is removed for 150ms, the reclosing switch is started at the moment; if the line voltage rises to 0.85pu of the bus voltage within 3ms, the fault is considered to be an instantaneous fault at the moment, the system is recovered to be normal, otherwise, the fault is considered to be a permanent fault, and the direct current breaker is opened again to remove the fault.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
when the system is in normal operation, power turnover and outside fault, the line current flows from one side to the other side, the current directions collected from the two sides are positive and negative, the circuit breaker acts in the positive direction under the driving of the front acceleration protection device, and the circuit breaker acts in the negative direction.
When a direct current side circuit of the system has an internal fault, the circuit current flows to a fault point, the current directions collected by two sides of the fault circuit are positive, and the circuit breakers on the two sides act at the moment; the data collected this time or the judged state can be sent to the opposite terminal by means of communication, and the error correction can be effectively carried out on the direct current circuit breaker, so that the circuit breaker which is mistakenly operated due to the fact that the starting criterion is met is reclosed, and the misoperation caused by the speed is reduced.
It takes 2ms from the first start criterion to before the dc breaker is activated.
Each front acceleration protection device is provided with a corresponding direct current breaker, and the direct current breaker is a hybrid direct current breaker.
Example 1
A four-terminal looped network direct current distribution system topological structure model shown in figure 5 is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK, the model is constructed by four MMC current converters, four lines are connected, a front acceleration protection device is installed at the source side of each line, namely AR12, AR21, AR13, AR31, AR24, AR42, AR34 and AR43, each front acceleration protection device is provided with a direct current breaker corresponding to the front acceleration protection device, the installed direct current breaker is a current main mixed direct current breaker, the structure diagram of the direct current distribution line shown in figure 6 is 100km, and the direct current voltage U of the system is U dc The voltage is +/-100 kV, the sampling frequency is 10kHz, and relevant parameters of the looped network power distribution network are shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 four-port DC distribution network parameter table
Assuming that the first start criterion, such as equation (1), requires 1 point and therefore takes 0.1ms, the logical delay from the first start to the second start criterion is considered, since setting the first start criterion to the second start criterion takes 0.2 ms.
The first-stage criterion is started and enters the second-stage criterion as long as the acquired voltage and current of one point simultaneously meet the criterion requirement. The second starting criterion is as follows: the first criterion is started successfully, at the moment, the system is indicated to be in fault or abnormally operated, at the moment, the second criterion needs to be entered, the non-fault condition is further screened, the second criterion needs to continuously collect 10 voltage and current data points, therefore, the time consumption is 1ms, and a delay margin of 0.3ms is reserved.
The first and second start-up criteria can effectively exclude a portion of the abnormal conditions, meaning that the two start-up criteria can add a certain selectivity to the pre-acceleration.
If the conditions of the first and second starting criteria are met, the direct current circuit breaker arranged at the position corresponding to the pre-action acceleration protection device is required to act at the moment, only the circuit breaker in the forward direction of the line acts at the moment, the circuit breaker in the reverse direction does not act, and a tripping instruction issued to the direct current circuit breaker by the pre-acceleration protection device is considered, and a 0.5ms delay margin is given. It takes 2ms from the first start criterion to the dc breaker action.
After the circuit breakers are operated, communication can be used to correct some circuit breakers for malfunction after a certain delay, as shown in fig. 4. The other converters with correct action are in a charge deionization state at the moment, and after 150ms deionization delay, the disconnected direct current breaker can automatically coincide. Taking FIG. 5 as an example, a front acceleration protection device is installed on the power supply side of the DC line, if L 1 In f 1 When a fault occurs at a point, if the AR34 and the AR12 also detect the fault at the moment, the corresponding BR12 and BF34 trip, meanwhile, the ARs on two sides of the line transmit the trip condition of the side to the opposite side, the time required by communication transmission is considered, and the fault of time delay possibly occurring in communication is considered, so that the received opposite-side information is effective in the 150ms trip process, and if the received information transmitted by the ARs indicates that the circuit breakers on the opposite side and the side trip, the completion of the trip of the electric charge is waited at the moment. If the received AR information indicates that only one side of the circuit breakers on the opposite side and the current side is tripped, the tripped circuit breaker is recovered and is closed again. And at the moment, the tripped breaker is considered to be correct, after the 150ms deionization delay is finished, the direct current breaker starts to be closed again, if the instantaneous fault exists, the fault disappears, the system is recovered to be normal, and if the instantaneous fault exists, the direct current breaker is opened again to cut off the fault.
Whether instantaneous fault or permanent fault, the fault characteristics presented at the fault moment are consistent, and as shown in fig. 7(a) and 7(b), the voltage and current waveforms 10ms after the fault are calculated to meet the two-time starting criterion. Tripping the dc circuit breaker at 2ms of fault can effectively reduce the damaging effects of over-current on the power electronics. As shown in fig. 8(a) and 8(b), the voltage and current waveform is 225ms after the transient fault, and the fault disappears after 100ms as seen from the waveform, and as shown in fig. 9(a) and 9(b), the voltage and current waveform is 225ms after the permanent fault, and the fault will exist continuously.
The direct current breaker is started 2ms after the fault occurs, the fault is removed at the moment, and the direct current breaker is restarted after 150ms to free, namely 152 ms. As shown in fig. 10(a) and 10(b), the voltage and current waveforms of the transient fault before and after the dc breaker is operated are shown, and it can be seen from the figure that the current becomes zero after the dc breaker is operated, and the system recovers the power supply when the fault disappears after the dc breaker is restarted. As shown in fig. 11(a) and 11(b), the voltage and current waveforms of the permanent fault before and after the dc breaker is operated are shown, and it can be seen from the figure that the current becomes zero after the dc breaker is operated, and the fault still exists after the dc breaker is restarted. Therefore, a secondary action of the dc breaker is required for a permanent fault, and as shown in fig. 12(a) and 12(b), voltage and current waveforms of the permanent fault before and after the dc breaker is twice, as can be seen from the graphs, after the dc breaker is activated for the action of the dc breaker 2ms after the fault occurs, the fault is removed, the dc breaker is restarted after 150ms to free, that is, 152ms, the fault still exists, and then the dc breaker is restarted for removing the fault after 2 ms. The analysis and simulation show that the protection scheme can rapidly remove the fault line.
As can be seen from fig. 3, when an intra-area fault occurs in a direct current side line of the system, line currents all flow to a fault point, the directions of the currents collected at both sides of the fault line are positive, and the circuit breakers at both sides act at the moment. The characteristic can be utilized to carry out reclosing on the staggered direct-current circuit breaker in the previous acceleration in a communication mode, error correction is effectively carried out, and the maloperation caused by the speed is reduced.
Claims (3)
1. A pre-acceleration protection method for a direct current distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, defining that the positive direction of a positive electrode circuit flows from a bus to a line side, and the positive direction of a negative electrode circuit flows from the line side to the bus, and defining that a direct current breaker can only act when the current direction is detected to be the positive direction; installing a front acceleration protection device at a line source end protection device, and collecting a voltage instantaneous value u at the protection device pi ，u ni Instantaneous value of current i pi ，i ni ；
Step 2, collecting the current instantaneous value i pi ，i ni And a corresponding line end maximum load current i max Comparing the collected instantaneous values u pi ，u ni And corresponding bus voltage u bus Comparing to finish the first starting criterion of the pre-acceleration;
when the collected current satisfies i ni >k INomal ×i max Or i pi >k INomal ×i max (ii) a The collected current satisfies u ni <k UNomal ×u bus Or u pi <k UNomal ×u bus ；
Wherein k is Inormal The value is 1.5-2, k Unormal The value is 0.75-0.85; if the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the steps, entering a pre-acceleration second starting criterion;
step 3, entering a pre-acceleration second starting criterion: continuously collecting voltage and current values of N points, taking N as 10, and calculating the average value of the collected line current
And average voltage
Averaging the current
Average value of voltage
And high resistance fault current
And high resistance fault voltage
Comparing;
i Fault and u Faultbus The current value and the voltage value of a line passing through a 100 omega transition resistor during single-pole fault are respectively referred;
when current average value
Satisfy the requirement of
Average value of voltage
Satisfy the requirements of
If the current and the voltage simultaneously meet the conditions, the internal circuit of the system is considered to have a fault, and the acceleration protection is started;
wherein k is IFault The value of k is 0.5-0.6 UFault The value is 1;
step 4, starting a front acceleration protection scheme, and issuing a logic instruction to the direct-current circuit breaker by the front acceleration protection device on the line source side to trip the corresponding direct-current circuit breaker;
step 5, the source side front acceleration protection device transmits the state of the breaker at the side to the breaker at the opposite side by adopting a 5G or 4G communication means, if the state of the breaker at the side is inconsistent with the state at the opposite side at the moment, the breaker at the side is regarded as an out-of-range fault, and the breaker which is opened is enabled to be closed again to realize an error correction function;
if the state of the circuit breaker at the side is consistent with that at the opposite side, the circuit breaker at the side is in an opening state, and at the moment, the circuit breaker is considered to be an internal fault, the direct-current circuit breaker is tripped correctly, and the opening state is kept unchanged;
the characteristic of the current direction of a line under the condition of an internal fault and an external fault is utilized, wherein Y represents that the data collected by the front acceleration collecting device is in a positive direction and the corresponding breaker acts, N represents that the data collected by the front acceleration collecting device is in a negative direction and the corresponding breaker refuses to act;
when the system is in normal operation, power turnover and external faults, the line current flows from one side to the other side, the current directions collected from the two sides are positive and negative, the circuit breaker with the positive current direction acts under the driving of the front acceleration protection device, and the circuit breaker on the opposite side refuses to act;
when a direct current side circuit of the system has an internal fault, the circuit current flows to a fault point, the current directions collected by two sides of the fault circuit are positive, and the circuit breakers on the two sides act at the moment;
6, after the dissociation delay of the opened direct-current circuit breaker is removed for 150ms, the reclosing switch is started at the moment; if the line voltage rises to 0.85pu of the bus voltage within 3ms, the fault is considered to be an instantaneous fault at the moment, the system is recovered to be normal, otherwise, the fault is considered to be a permanent fault, and the direct current breaker is opened again to remove the fault.
2. The pre-acceleration protection method for the direct current distribution network according to claim 1, wherein it takes 2ms from the first start criterion to before the action of the direct current breaker.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the pre-acceleration protection devices has a corresponding dc breaker, and the dc breakers are hybrid dc breakers.
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