CN111310098A - Method for recovering bird diversity of wetland park - Google Patents

Method for recovering bird diversity of wetland park Download PDF

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CN111310098A
CN111310098A CN201911304688.1A CN201911304688A CN111310098A CN 111310098 A CN111310098 A CN 111310098A CN 201911304688 A CN201911304688 A CN 201911304688A CN 111310098 A CN111310098 A CN 111310098A
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方小山
胡慧建
吴任之
刘爽
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for restoring bird diversity in a wetland park, which comprises the following steps: A. collecting bird monitoring data of the current situation, the periphery and the history of the wetland park; B. screening out target species by using a species drop analysis method; C. dividing the wetland park landscape types by combining field investigation and satellite data; D. performing bird diversity recovery engineering through zoning and centralized strategy; E. bird species indexes are adopted to evaluate bird diversity recovery effects. The invention innovatively focuses on the determination of target species, and on the basis of the determination, the bird diversity recovery engineering of the wetland park is carried out by combining the classification of site landscape types. The method has the advantages of clear target and simple and convenient operation, can improve the decision-making and engineering efficiency of the wetland park restoration work, and can effectively improve the wetland park environment and ensure that the bird diversity is close to or restored to the level before the habitat environment is damaged.

Description

Method for recovering bird diversity of wetland park
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring bird diversity in a wetland park.
Background
The wetland is an ecological system with convenient water source and rich biological resources, and can provide a good inhabitation environment for birds (particularly waterfowls). Birds are used as important components of a wetland ecosystem, have high ecological and landscape values, and are important index groups for evaluating the wetland quality. In recent years, with the increase of global population and the acceleration of urbanization process, the wetland area is increasingly reduced, the environmental quality is reduced year by year, the problems of function degradation, ecological environment breakage and the like caused by the reduction are more and more prominent in the world, and the variety and the number of birds living in the wetland are obviously reduced. Therefore, in recent years, the recovery, construction and management of urban wetland have become hot spots, and how to recover bird diversity in the construction of urban wetland has become an important issue to be solved.
At present, numerous scholars discuss environmental factors influencing bird diversity and abundance in the wetland, including wetland water depth, area size, hydrological process, vegetation conditions, food acquirability, artificial interference and the like, and the researches reveal that the demands of different groups of birds on ecological environment are obviously different, and a diversity recovery scheme beneficial to all species possibly does not exist. However, there are currently existing patent inventions and documents on wetland construction, such as CN208916918U, CN109691358A, CN109691358A, CN108305204A, zhenjin, zhangchun, huikui, guangzhou regional bird resource background survey and its overall characteristic analysis [ J ] zoology journal, 2008, xuzhengchun, li, von forever, etc. park bird diversity improvement design based on species fall analysis, exemplified by the lake south chandeli juwan wetland park [ J ] ecology report, 2019(19):1-9, etc., mostly starting directly from environmental factors of habitat, recovery strategies are made and recovery engineering is performed, which often neglect the same important influence factor, i.e. unique requirements and distribution conditions of different bird species. Thus, these methods may lack pertinence in terms of increasing bird diversity, and further, result in slow progress in bird diversity restoration engineering.
In order to solve the problems, a large number of projects are researched and found, and in recent years, due to artificial disturbance, the variety of birds in wetland parks in China is lower than the historical level, and the birds have strict regional ecological environment requirements, so that the reduced birds are basically native species which generally exist in history or periphery. The recovery target is thus determined: i.e. to restore the herd to a level in the vicinity of the project or in the case where the project has not been historically destroyed. Therefore, the method longitudinally compares the current bird species monitoring data of the project site with historical data through species fall analysis, and parallelly compares the current bird species monitoring data with bird species data around the project site, so that the target species can be screened. And on the basis, the wetland restoration engineering is carried out by combining the classification of site landscape types and by means of zoning and centralized construction.
The method has the advantages of clear target and simple and convenient operation, can improve the decision-making and engineering efficiency of the wetland park restoration work, and can effectively improve the wetland park environment and ensure that the bird diversity is close to or restored to the level before the habitat environment is damaged. The invention is applied to a plurality of cities in China at present and popularized to southeast Asia, the achievement of the invention directly promotes the ecological environment restoration and the biodiversity protection of large and medium cities in China, and supports the construction of waterfowl corridors in Bay areas of Guangdong, Hongkong and Australia.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for recovering bird diversity in a wetland park.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
A method for recovering bird diversity of wetland parks comprises the following steps:
A. collecting bird monitoring data of the current situation, the periphery and the history of the wetland park;
B. screening out target species by using a species drop analysis method;
C. partitioning the wetland park landscape types by combining field investigation and satellite data;
D. performing bird diversity recovery engineering through partitioning and centralized application;
E. bird species indexes are adopted to evaluate bird diversity recovery effects.
Further, the bird monitoring data P of the current situation of the wetland park in the step a includes monitoring data of bird species and the number of species within the range of the wetland park at the beginning of the restoration work; the surrounding bird monitoring data C comprise monitoring data of bird species and the number of species of the green land surrounding the wetland park at the beginning of the recovery work; the historical bird monitoring data H includes the monitoring data of the bird species and the number of species in the wetland park and its surrounding green field several years before the start of the restoration work.
And further, in the step B, performing dominance degree division on the surrounding bird monitoring data C, the historical bird monitoring data H and the current bird monitoring data P of the wetland park, and then comparing and screening out target species for bird diversity recovery.
Wherein, the dominance formula is:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000031
in the formula PaIs the dominance of a bird in a certain ecological environment, naFor the number of such birds in the ecological environment, N is the sum of the numbers of the various birds in the ecological environment, PaThe numerical values are arranged according to the size sequence, the quartile is determined, the numerical values are divided into four equal parts, and the four parts of data are respectively rare species, common species and dominant species from low to high.
The screened target species are classified into three types, namely expanding, recruiting and attracting. The term "expanded species" as "I" refers to species that are distributed in a small amount but are distributed in a large amount in the peripheral area, and the term "expanded species" as "A" refers to species that are distributed in a large amount in the peripheral area and are not distributed in the target area; the reference species (denoted as R) refers to species which are distributed more than historically and have no record or few occurrences in the target area and the periphery; the target species is a collection of expanded, recruited and elicited species, referred to as expanded recruited species for short. The screening formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000032
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000033
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000034
wherein I, A and R are the set of the species of expanding, recruiting and attracting respectively, P, C, H are the set of the species of present, peripheral and historical respectively; subscripts 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 indicate absence, rare species, common species and dominant species, respectively, such as P2Indicates the rare species, P in the present situation2,3Indicates rare species and common species in the present situation, other C3、C4、P0,1、P0,1、H4、H3、C0,1,2、P0,1,2The same holds true for the meaning of; subscripts i and ii denote controlled recovery and emphasized recovery, respectively, and subscripts i and ii denote controlled recovery and emphasized recovery, respectively, wherein Aii、Iii、RiiRespectively show the types of primers used for amplification, recruitment and recovery with emphasis, Ai、Ii、RiRespectively representing the species of extension, recruitment and introduction with control recovery measures.
Further, in the step C, based on the environmental characteristics of the project site, the project site is divided into landscape types such as landscape forests, fruit forests, thin tree grasslands, water bodies, mudflat lands and construction lands, and according to the types, the satellite images of the project site are supervised and classified by ArcGIS10.2 geographic information system software and Erdas9.1 remote sensing image processing software, and are manually adjusted and corrected through on-site research.
Furthermore, in the step D, the zoning refers to that target species with similar extension attributes and ecological habits are classified into the same habitat type, the habitat type is divided according to the project site landscape type and the principle of minimum intervention and minimum engineering quantity, and then corresponding engineering schemes are formulated to build each zone, so that different types of zones are realized;
the concentrated application strategy refers to recovering the habitat type and conditions by building a disappearing ecological environment and improving the existing ecological environment on the basis of zoning, and the specific strategy is divided into three ways of expanding the existing species by improving the ecological environment conditions, building the ecological environment, adopting equipment to attract surrounding species and breeding and reintroducing the disappearing species;
specifically, for the expanded species, the environmental accommodation capacity of the habitat is improved by means of pollution prevention and treatment, enrichment and activation of environmental elements on the habitat, so that the population quantity of the existing species is enlarged; for attracting species, including attracting ways of improving habitat environmental quality, placing bird models, arranging sound attraction systems (such as sound inducers playing simulated bird sounds and the like) and transitional bird cages; for introduced species, the requirement of the IUCN (world natural protection alliance) re-introduction guide is required, and the re-introduced target species is a species with a legal artificial breeding source; the target recovery or recruitment number of the expanded recruited species is as close to the surrounding or historical level as possible, and after the recruitment work is specifically carried out, the self-reproduction of the recruited species is finally recovered by regularly monitoring the birds, continuously adjusting measures and correcting the list of the recruited target species.
Further, in step E, the bird diversity recovery effect was evaluated and verified by the following bird species indices:
avian species abundance: raThe formula is a species diversity (Margalef) formula, which is used to measure species diversity in the traditional sense. In the formula RaIs the avian species diversity index of a certain bird in a certain ecological environment, and S is the ecological environmentN is the sum of the number of species of each bird in the ecological environment.
Species diversity of birds:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000051
the formula is a Shannon-Wiener index formula for measuring species diversity reflecting the heterogeneous content. In the formula DaIs the index of species diversity of a bird in an ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, PaIs the dominance of the bird in this ecological environment.
Bird community uniformity: ea＝Da/Dmax＝Da/ln S, the formula is uniformity index (Pielou) formula, where EaIs an avian community uniformity index, DmaxIs the maximum species diversity index, DaIs the index of species diversity of a certain bird in a certain ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, and a represents the number of each bird species in the ecological environment of the bird.
Wherein, when the indexes of bird species diversity and bird species diversity are both obviously improved (increased by 20% or more) and stabilized at a new height, the bird diversity of the wetland park can be judged to be effective, and the bird community uniformity index is used as an auxiliary index and can be used for analyzing the uniformity change of the bird species of the wetland park.
The invention can recover the animal community environment to the level of the project surrounding area or the project historical undamaged condition as far as possible according to the unique requirements and distribution conditions of different bird species, is suitable for ecological environment restoration and biological diversity protection of large and medium-sized cities, improvement of wetland park environment and construction of artificial wetland systems, improves the diversity of birds, and can screen out the bird species needing to be recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the method can define the direction and the target for the promotion work of the diversity of the birds in the wetland park, can screen out target recovery bird species in a project relatively accurately, and determines the target recovery degree of the species;
2 the invention can partition bird habitat types based on target species and adopt a targeted recovery method, which is helpful for scientific decision making, is simple and convenient to operate and can effectively improve decision making and engineering efficiency;
the invention can effectively improve the environment, leads the bird diversity to be close to or recovered to the level before the destruction of the inhabiting environment, and simultaneously leads the proportion of aquatic birds and migratory birds in the wetland park to be obviously improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for recovering bird diversity in a wetland park;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sea-pearl wetland project;
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of species fall analysis;
FIG. 4 is a chart of target species list in a sea pearl wetland test area;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of landscape types and zones in a sea pearl wetland test area;
FIG. 6a is a trend chart of species number in 2013 to 2018 of a seabead wetland test area;
FIG. 6b is a graph showing the trend change of the abundance indexes of the seabead wetland test areas from 2013 to 2018;
FIG. 6c is a chart of the trend of the uniformity index in the seabead wetland test area 2013 to 2018;
FIG. 6d is a graph showing the variation of the diversity index trend in the Martensis wetland test areas 2013 to 2018.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, structural features, and objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given in conjunction with the actual items. The examples are only for illustrating the invention and do not constitute a limitation of the scope of protection of the invention:
the method for recovering the bird diversity in the wetland park, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting current situation, surrounding and historical bird monitoring data of the wetland park.
The project is located in national wetland park of Guangdong Haizhu, and is implemented by taking Haizhu park and northern Haizhu area as a method, and the area is called as a test area hereinafter.
As shown in fig. 2, a survey is conducted in the project area by the spline method. Dividing the whole wetland range into 50 pieces of 500 multiplied by 500m by a kilometer grid method2According to the factors of landform and landform in the grid, change of ecological environment and the like, 20 grids are selected as the monitoring grids. And respectively arranging a fixed bird monitoring sample line in the monitoring grids.
And (3) selecting clear weather for monitoring each sample line, wherein the monitoring is carried out for 3-5 days each time, and the investigation is carried out when the bird activity is the most active 6: 00-10: 00 and 15: 00-19: 00 each time. The monitoring is mainly carried out by walking investigation, the walking speed is controlled to be 2-3 km/h, and meanwhile, the bird condition is further known by visiting local villagers. In the investigation, information such as the type, number and behavior of birds within 50m of each side of the sample line was observed and recorded using a high power telescope (KOWA8 × 42) and a canon single lens reflex camera.
And 2, screening out target species by using a species fall analysis method.
The species fall analysis method is to find the fall of species by comparing the name records of the peripheral species (recorded as C), the name records of the historical species (recorded as H) and the name records of the existing species (recorded as P), and to use the fall species as the extension target species in the project area. As shown in FIG. 3, for a research site, there is ideally a
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000071
However, in actual practice, due to the limitation of monitoring conditions or statistical errors, the monitoring sample is always smaller than the ideal sample, and even P, C, H may not be a subset of the ideal sample. P, C, H the three sets are each divided into dominant, common, rare and rare, so that each set has 5 cases, including non-existent cases and the four groupings mentioned above. According to the counting principle, P, C and H have 125 combinations (5 x 125).
These 125 combinations are listed in fig. 3 with 5 venn diagrams. Diagonal fill (diagonal direction from bottom left to top right) represents P, referring to the existing species; the reverse diagonal fill (diagonal direction from top left to bottom right) represents C, meaning the surrounding species; horizontal line fill represents H, referring to historical species; each fill gives lines a different degree of density to represent a different number of levels, with no fill representing no presence. Combinations among different numbers of levels of the three sets are represented by the superposition of different fill types.
Wherein, the expanded species refers to species which are distributed in a small amount but distributed in a peripheral area, and the recruited species refers to species which are distributed in a peripheral area and not distributed in a target area; reference to species refers to species that have been historically more distributed, with no or minimal appearance in the target area and surrounding areas. The screening range can be translated into a basic relational operational formula, and then the species directory is processed through Excel.
The screened target species are divided into three categories of expanding, recruiting and attracting, and the screening formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000081
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000082
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000083
wherein I, A, R is a set of species for expanding, recruiting and attracting, P, C, H is a set of species for present, peripheral and historical, respectively, and subscripts 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 indicate absence, rare species, common species and dominant species, respectively. The subscripts i, ii indicate that there is a control recovery and an emphasis recovery, respectively. Wherein, the dominance formula involved is:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000084
in the formula PaIs the dominance of a bird in a certain ecological environment, naFor the number of such birds in the ecological environment, N is the number of various birds in the ecological environmentSum of in-frame quantities, PaThe numerical values are arranged according to the size sequence, the quartile is determined, the numerical values are divided into four equal parts, and the four parts of data are respectively rare species, common species and dominant species from low to high.
The target species identified as species for avian diversity recovery in the margarita wetland are shown in fig. 4. The total number of species to be recruited is 23, the number of amplified species is 4, the number of primers is 9, and the number of species lacking the recruitment condition is 23.
And 3, dividing the wetland park landscape types by combining field investigation and satellite data.
Based on the environmental characteristics of the sea pearl wetland test area in 2013, the sea pearl wetland test area is divided into 7 landscape types of landscape forest, dilute tree grassland, fruit forest, waste fruit forest, water body, beach land and construction land, and according to the 7 landscape types, the satellite images of the project land are supervised and classified by using geographic information system software (ArcGIS10.2) and remote sensing image processing software (Erdass 9.1), and artificial adjustment and correction are carried out through on-site research. The final distribution of the types of the sea pearl wetland landscapes is shown in figure 5.
And 4, performing bird diversity recovery engineering through partitioning and centralized construction.
Target species with similar recruitment attributes and ecological habits are first classified as the same habitat type. And dividing the habitat types according to the environmental characteristics of the project site and the principle of minimum intervention and minimum engineering quantity, and then making a corresponding engineering scheme to construct each partition so as to realize partitions of different types. The partition design of the sea-pearl wetland is shown in figure 5
On the basis, the different types of subareas are respectively subjected to targeted measures, so that the target species can be intensively recruited in the corresponding habitat, and then the target species are guided to reasonably spread all around. The measures are directed to the ecological habits and the type of recruitment of the target species. In the aspect of ecological habit, corresponding measures are taken according to classification and analysis of the screened actual target species. The types of introduction include expanding the existing species (improving ecological environment conditions), introducing the surrounding species (creating ecological environment and using equipment), and introducing the disappearing species (breeding and reintroducing).
Specifically, for the expanded species, the environmental tolerance of the habitat is improved by means of pollution prevention and treatment and habitat environment improvement (such as vegetation increase, honey source and fruit source plant planting, fry and shrimp fry throwing, terrain modification according to bird habitat habits and the like), so that the population quantity of the existing species is increased; for attracting species, attracting methods are mainly considered, including habitat environment lifting, bird model placing, acoustic attraction system arrangement (such as acoustic attractors playing simulated bird sounds and the like) and transitional bird cages and the like; the introduction method needs to be according to the requirements of IUCN guidance for re-introduction, and target species (such as large Egret, middle Egret, cattle back Egret and the like) for re-introduction should be species with legal artificial breeding sources. The targeted recovery or recruitment number of the above recruited species is as close to the peripheral or historical level as possible. After the recruitment work is specifically carried out, bird monitoring is carried out regularly, measures are continuously adjusted, and the list of the target species to be recruited is corrected, so that the aim of recovering self reproduction of the species is finally achieved.
And 5, evaluating the bird diversity recovery effect by adopting bird species indexes.
(1) The superiority:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000091
in the formula PaIs the dominance of a bird in a certain ecological environment, naFor the number of such birds in the ecological environment, N is the sum of the numbers of the various birds in the ecological environment, PaThe numerical values are arranged according to the size sequence, the quartile is determined, the numerical values are divided into four equal parts, the four parts of data are respectively rare species, common species and dominant species from low to high, and the subscript a represents the number of the bird species in the ecological environment.
(2) Avian species abundance: raThe formula is a species diversity (Margalef) formula, which is used to measure species diversity in the traditional sense. In the formula RaIs an index of the multiplicity of avian species in an ecological environment of a bird, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, N is the sum of the number of birds in the ecological environment, and subscript a indicates the number of avian species in the ecological environment of the bird.
(3) Species diversity of birds:
Figure RE-GDA0002491081030000092
the formula is a Shannon-Wiener index formula for measuring species diversity reflecting the heterogeneous content. In the formula DaIs the index of species diversity of a bird in an ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, PaFor the dominance of such birds in the ecological environment, the subscript a indicates the number of such birds in the respective avian species in the ecological environment.
(4) Bird community uniformity: ea＝Da/Dmax＝Da/ln S, the formula is uniformity index (Pielou) formula, where EaIs an avian community uniformity index, DmaxFor maximum species diversity index, subscript a indicates the number of such birds in the respective avian species in the ecological environment.
Wherein, when the indexes of bird species diversity and bird species diversity are both obviously improved (increased by 20% or more) and stabilized at a new height, the bird diversity of the wetland park can be judged to be effective, and the bird community uniformity index is used as an auxiliary index and can be used for analyzing the uniformity change of the bird species of the wetland park.
The bird diversity recovery effect of the sea-pearl wetland test zone is shown in fig. 6a, fig. 6b, fig. 6c and fig. 6d, the situation that the species number and species abundance of the test zone and the control zone are stabilized at a higher level (2016-2018) after the population number and species abundance of the test zone and the control zone are generally increased (2014-2016), and the two index levels of the test zone are higher than those of the control zone every year; the uniformity and diversity of the two regions fall back in 2015 (possibly caused by accidental bird clustering effect of monitoring personnel), the two indexes of the 2016 + 2018 test region tend to be stable, and the two indexes of the 2017 + 2018 control region tend to be stable, so that the final result shows that the species drop analysis method and the traditional method can achieve the effect on improving the species diversity, but the former effect is slightly quick.
The above examples merely represent one embodiment of the present invention, which is described in more detail and in greater detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The method for recovering bird diversity of the wetland park is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. collecting bird monitoring data of the current situation, the periphery and the history of the wetland park;
B. screening out target species by using a species drop analysis method;
C. partitioning the wetland park landscape types by combining field investigation and satellite data;
D. performing bird diversity recovery engineering through partitioning and centralized application;
E. bird species indexes are adopted to evaluate bird diversity recovery effects.
2. The method for recovering bird diversity in wetland parks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bird monitoring data P of the current situation of wetland parks in step a comprises monitoring data of bird species and the number of species in the wetland parks at the beginning of the recovery work; the surrounding bird monitoring data C comprise monitoring data of bird species and the number of species of the green land surrounding the wetland park at the beginning of the recovery work; the historical bird monitoring data H includes the monitoring data of the bird species and the number of species in the wetland park and its surrounding green field several years before the start of the restoration work.
3. The method for recovering bird diversity in wetland parks as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step B, the peripheral bird monitoring data C, the historical bird monitoring data H and the current bird monitoring data P of wetland parks are divided into dominance degrees, and then compared to screen out target species for bird diversity recovery;
wherein the degree of dominance isThe formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002322771610000011
in the formula PaIs the dominance of a bird in a certain ecological environment, naFor the number of such birds in the ecological environment, N is the sum of the numbers of the various birds in the ecological environment, PaArranging the numerical values according to the size sequence, determining a quartile and dividing the numerical values into four equal parts, wherein the four parts of data are rare seeds, common seeds and dominant seeds from low to high respectively;
wherein, the screened target species are divided into three types of expanding, recruiting and attracting; the expanded species is recorded as I which refers to species which are distributed in a small amount but distributed in a large amount in the peripheral area, and the recorded species is recorded as A which refers to species which are distributed in a large amount in the peripheral area and are not distributed in the target area; the reference species R refers to species which are distributed more according to historical records, and have no record or few occurrences in the target area and the periphery; the target species is a set of expanded, recruited and elicited species, which is called expanded recruited species for short;
the screening formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002322771610000021
Figure FDA0002322771610000022
Figure FDA0002322771610000023
wherein I, A and R are the set of the species of expanding, recruiting and attracting respectively, P, C, H are the set of the species of present, peripheral and historical respectively; subscripts 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 indicate absence, rare species, common species and dominant species, respectively, such as P2Indicates the rare species, P in the present situation2,3Indicates rare species and common species in the present situation, other C3、C4、P0,1、P0,1、H4、H3、C0,1,2、P0,1,2The same holds true for the meaning of;subscripts i and ii denote controlled recovery and focused recovery, respectively, wherein Aii、Iii、RiiRespectively show the types of primers used for amplification, recruitment and recovery with emphasis, Ai、Ii、RiRespectively representing the species of extension, recruitment and introduction with control recovery measures.
4. The method for recovering bird diversity in wetland parks according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C, the types of landscape forests, fruit forests, thin tree grasslands, water bodies, mudflat lands and construction lands are classified based on the environmental characteristics of the project site, and according to the types, the satellite images of the project site are supervised and classified by ArcGIS10.2 geographic information system software and Erdas9.1 remote sensing image processing software, and are artificially adjusted and corrected by on-site research.
5. The method for recovering bird diversity in wetland parks according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step D, the zoning refers to that target species with similar extension attributes and ecological habits are classified into the same habitat type, the habitat type is divided according to project site landscape types and the principle of minimum intervention and minimum project amount, and then corresponding engineering schemes are formulated to construct each zone, so that different types of zones are realized;
the concentrated application strategy refers to recovering the habitat type and conditions by building a disappearing ecological environment and improving the existing ecological environment on the basis of zoning, and the specific strategy is divided into three ways of enlarging the existing species by improving the ecological environment conditions, building the ecological environment and adopting equipment to attract surrounding species, breeding and reintroducing the disappearing species;
specifically, for the expanded species, the environmental accommodation capacity of the habitat is improved by means of pollution prevention and treatment, enrichment and activation of environmental elements on the habitat, so that the population quantity of the existing species is enlarged; for attracting species, including attracting ways to improve habitat environmental quality, place bird models, arrange sound attraction systems, and transitional bird cages; for introduced species, the requirement of world natural protection alliance (IUCN) re-introduction guidelines is required, and the re-introduced target species should be species with legal artificial breeding sources; the target recovery or recruitment number of the expanded recruited species is as close to the surrounding or historical level as possible, and after the recruitment work is specifically carried out, the self-reproduction of the recruited species is finally recovered by regularly monitoring the birds, continuously adjusting measures and correcting the list of the recruited target species.
6. The method for recovering bird diversity in wetland parks according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step E, the bird diversity recovery effect is evaluated and verified by the following bird species indexes:
avian species abundance: ra(S-1)/lnN, which is a species diversity (Margalef) formula, for measuring species diversity in the conventional sense, wherein R isaThe method is characterized in that the method is a bird species diversity index of a certain bird in a certain ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, and N is the sum of the number of various birds in the ecological environment;
species diversity of birds:
Figure FDA0002322771610000031
the formula is Shannon-Wiener index formula for measuring species diversity reflecting heterogeneity content, wherein DaIs the index of species diversity of a bird in an ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, PaTo the dominance of such birds in this ecological environment;
bird community uniformity: ea＝Da/Dmax＝Da/lnS, which is the uniformity index (Pielou) formula, where EaIs an avian community uniformity index, DmaxIs the maximum species diversity index, DaThe method is characterized in that the method is an index of species diversity of a certain bird in a certain ecological environment, S is the number of species in the ecological environment, and a represents the number of each bird species in the ecological environment of the bird;
wherein, when two indexes of bird species diversity and bird species diversity are both promoted and stabilized at a new height, the bird diversity of the wetland park is judged to be effective, and the bird community uniformity index is used as an auxiliary index for analyzing the uniformity change of the bird species of the wetland park.
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