CN111308717B - Display module, display method and display device - Google Patents
Display module, display method and display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111308717B CN111308717B CN202010246477.3A CN202010246477A CN111308717B CN 111308717 B CN111308717 B CN 111308717B CN 202010246477 A CN202010246477 A CN 202010246477A CN 111308717 B CN111308717 B CN 111308717B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure discloses a display module, a display method and a display device, relates to the technical field of display, and is used for increasing the field angle of the display device. The display module comprises a micro display, an optical waveguide, a relay coupling-in grating and a relay coupling-out grating. The microdisplay is configured to emit light of a first polarization and light of a second polarization. The optical waveguide is provided with an optical inlet area and an optical outlet area and is configured to enable a first part of light rays and first polarized light in the coupled-in second polarized light to be propagated and coupled out through total reflection in the optical waveguide. The relay coupling grating is configured to modulate a second part of the second polarized light which is not propagated by total reflection so as to be propagated by total reflection in the optical waveguide. The relay light-coupling grating is configured to couple out the second portion of the light to the light-exiting region so as to be coupled out from the light-exiting region. The display module, the display method and the display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure are used for AR display or VR display.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of display, and in particular to a display module, a display method and a display device.
Background
Augmented Reality (AR) technology mixes virtual information into a real-world scene through a computer technology, so that a real environment and a virtual picture are presented in the same picture in real time, mutual supplement and superposition of real-world information and virtual-world information can be realized, and a user has an immersive sensation in the scene. The AR technology aims to merge virtual worlds into real world scenes and perform interactions.
Currently, AR display devices are mainly head-mounted, such as AR glasses. In order to satisfy the comfort of wearing for a long time, the AR display device needs to be sufficiently thin and light. Among various AR display technologies, the holographic optical waveguide technology uses a slab waveguide with a simple structure and a small volume as a propagation medium of light, and uses a grating element as an optical path folding device, which is beneficial to realizing lightness and thinness of an AR display device. However, the field angle of the holographic optical waveguide display technology is small due to the limitations of the total reflection condition of the slab waveguide and the diffraction characteristics of the grating element itself.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosed embodiments provide a display module, a display method and a display device, which are used for increasing the field angle of the display device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, a display module is provided. The display module comprises a micro display, an optical waveguide, a relay coupling grating and a relay coupling grating. The microdisplay includes a first display region and a second display region located alongside the first display region. The first display region is configured to emit light of a first polarization. The second display region is configured to emit light of a second polarization. The optical waveguide is located on the light emitting side of the microdisplay and has a light incident region and a light emitting region. The optical waveguide is configured to allow a first part of the light of the second polarization and the first polarization coupled in from the light-in region to propagate by total reflection therein and to be coupled out from the light-out region. The relay incoupling grating is opposite to the light incident region and arranged on one side, far away from the display, of the optical waveguide and is configured to modulate a second part of light which is not subjected to total reflection propagation in second polarized light coupled in from the light incident region so as to enable the second part of light to be subjected to total reflection propagation in the optical waveguide. The relay coupling-out grating is opposite to the light emergent region and arranged on one side, close to the micro display, of the light guide, and is configured to couple out the second part of light to the light emergent region, so that the second part of light is coupled out of the light emergent region.
The embodiment of the disclosure adds the relay coupling-in grating and the relay coupling-out grating in the display module, so that the second part of light which cannot be totally reflected in the optical waveguide in the second polarized light can be effectively modulated, and the second polarized light and the first polarized light can be coupled out from the optical waveguide. Because the first polarized light is the light emitted by the first display area, the second polarized light is the light emitted by the second display area, and the second display area is positioned at the side of the first display area, the second polarized light and the first polarized light can be coupled out from the optical waveguide, which means that the micro-display can be coupled out from the optical waveguide from all angles of light emitted by different display areas, thereby being beneficial to increasing the field angle of the display module.
In some embodiments, the period of the relay-in grating and the relay-out grating is the same.
In some embodiments, the display module further includes a light incoupling portion disposed in the light incident region of the light waveguide and a light outcoupling portion disposed in the light exiting region of the light waveguide. The light incoupling part is configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light into the optical waveguide. The light outcoupling portion is configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide.
In some embodiments, the light incoupling portion comprises a first incoupling grating and a second incoupling grating arranged in a stack. The light outcoupling portion includes a first outcoupling grating and a second outcoupling grating which are arranged in a stack. The first in-grating and the first out-grating have the same period. The first incoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light into the optical waveguide. The first outcoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the optical waveguide. The second in-coupling grating and the second out-coupling grating have the same period. The second incoupling grating is configured to couple the second polarized light into the optical waveguide. The second outcoupling grating is configured to couple the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide.
In some embodiments, the light incoupling part comprises a liquid crystal incoupling grating and the light outcoupling part comprises a liquid crystal outcoupling grating. In the same time period, the periods of the liquid crystal coupling-in grating and the liquid crystal coupling-out grating are the same. The liquid crystal incoupling grating is configured to couple first polarized light into the optical waveguide during a first period of time and to couple second polarized light into the optical waveguide during a second period of time. The liquid crystal outcoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the light guide during a first period of time and to couple the second polarized light out of the light guide during a second period of time.
In some embodiments, the sum of the durations of the first and second periods is less than or equal to 16 ms.
In some embodiments, a microdisplay includes: the display screen, be located the polarization modulator of the light-emitting side of display screen and be located the collimating element of the light-emitting side of polarization modulator. The display screen includes a first display area and a second display area. The polarization modulator is configured to modulate light emitted from the first display area into first polarized light and modulate light emitted from the second display area into second polarized light. The collimating element is configured to collimate the first polarized light and the second polarized light.
In another aspect, a display device is provided. The display device comprises the display module according to the embodiment. The beneficial effects that the display device that this disclosure embodiment provided can reach are the same with the display effect that the display module assembly can reach in above-mentioned embodiment, and this is no longer repeated here.
In some embodiments, the number of the display modules is two, and the display modules include a first display module and a second display module stacked on the light emitting side of the first display module. The second display area of the micro display in the first display module is located on the first side of the first display area, and the second display area of the micro display in the second display module is located on the second side of the first display area. The first side and the second side are respectively different sides of the first display area. The light emitting area of the optical waveguide in the second display module and the light emitting area of the optical waveguide in the first display module are arranged in a staggered mode, and the second display module does not shield the light emitting of the first display module.
In another aspect, a display method is provided, which is applied to the display module according to the above embodiment. The display method comprises the following steps: the first display region of the microdisplay provides light of a first polarization and the second display region provides light of a second polarization. The first polarized light and the second polarized light are coupled into the optical waveguide from the light incident region. The first part of the light in the second polarized light and the first polarized light are propagated in the optical waveguide by total reflection and coupled out from the light-exiting region. The second part of the light which is not subjected to total reflection propagation in the second polarized light is subjected to total reflection propagation in the optical waveguide after being modulated by the relay coupling optical grating. The second part of light transmitted to the relay coupling-out grating is coupled out from the light-emitting area after being modulated by the relay coupling-out grating.
The beneficial effects that the display method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can achieve are the same as those that the display module can achieve in the above embodiments, and the description is omitted here.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of some embodiments of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an optical waveguide in holographic optical waveguide technology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another optical path of an optical waveguide in holographic optical waveguide technology;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a microdisplay according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a display method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of another display method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding, the technical solutions provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a subset of the disclosed embodiments and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one skilled in the art from some of the embodiments of the disclosure are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.
In an AR display device using the holographic optical waveguide technology, the principle of optical paths in the holographic optical waveguide technology is shown in fig. 1. The optical waveguide 2 has a light entrance area and a light exit area. The light-incoming area of the optical waveguide 2 is provided with a light-incoming grating 1, and the light-outgoing area of the optical waveguide 2 is provided with a light-outgoing grating 3. Incident light is coupled into the optical grating 1 and is coupled into the optical waveguide 2 after being diffracted, and if the diffraction angle beta of the diffracted light meets the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide 2 (namely beta is more than or equal to gamma, and gamma is the critical angle of the total reflection of the light in the optical waveguide 2), the diffracted light can be transmitted in the optical waveguide 2 in a total reflection mode.
EasyIt is understood that when the incident angle of the incident light is different, the diffraction angle β of the diffracted light diffracted by the coupling-in grating 1 is necessarily different. The incident angle of incident light and the diffraction angle β of diffracted light generally follow the grating equation:
where α is an incident angle of incident light, β is a diffraction angle of diffracted light, λ is a wavelength of the incident light, m is a diffraction order, and m is 0, ± 1, ± 2 …, d is a grating period. The grating equation above takes + when the incident and diffracted light are on the same side of the normal coupled into the grating 1. It can be seen that the larger the incident angle α of the incident light, the smaller the diffraction angle β of the diffracted light.
For example, referring to fig. 2, the incident light includes a first light L1 and a second light L2. The incident angle α 2 of the second light ray L2 is greater than the incident angle α 1 of the first light ray L1, that is, the second light ray L2 is a high angle light ray and the first light ray L1 is a low angle light ray. After diffraction by the incoupling grating 1, the diffraction angle β 2 of the second light L2 is smaller than the diffraction angle β 1 of the first light L1. Here, the diffraction angle β 1 > γ of the first light L1 satisfies the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide 2, and can propagate in the optical waveguide 2 in a total reflection manner, and further couple out the optical waveguide 2 to enter human eyes for imaging. The diffraction angle β 2 < γ of the second light L2 fails to satisfy the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide 2, and thus cannot be coupled out from the light exit region of the optical waveguide 2 and cannot enter the human eye for imaging. Thus, the second light L2, i.e., the large-angle light, cannot be transmitted to the human eye for imaging through the optical waveguide 2, limited by the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide 2.
Accordingly, the angle of view of the AR display device using the holographic optical waveguide technology is limited. At present, the field angle of AR display devices employing holographic optical waveguide technology is, for example, 50 ° at maximum.
Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display module. Referring to fig. 3, the display module includes a microdisplay 4, an optical waveguide 2, a relay-in grating 5 and a relay-out grating 6. The microdisplay 4 includes a first display region S1 and a second display region S2 located beside the first display region S1. The first display region S1 is configured to emit light of a first polarization. The second display region S2 is configured to emit light of a second polarization. The light guide 2 is located on the light exit side of the microdisplay 4, which has a light entry region and a light exit region. The optical waveguide 2 is configured to allow a first part of the light of the second polarization and the first polarization, which are coupled in from the light-in region, to propagate by total reflection therein and to be coupled out from the light-out region. The relay coupling grating 5 is opposite to the light entrance region and disposed on a side of the optical waveguide 2 away from the microdisplay 4, and is configured to modulate a second portion of the second polarized light that is not totally reflected and propagated, so that the second portion of the light is totally reflected and propagated in the optical waveguide 2. The relay light-coupling grating 6 is opposite to the light-exiting region and is arranged on one side of the light waveguide 2 close to the micro-display 4, and is configured to couple out the second part of light to the light-exiting region, so that the second part of light is coupled out from the light-exiting region.
Here, continuing to refer to fig. 3, first display region S1 is the central display region of microdisplay 4, and second display region S2 is the edge region beside the central display region of microdisplay 4. The optical waveguide 2 includes a flat optical waveguide, and may be made of an optical material having a relatively high visible light transmittance (for example, the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to 92%) such as glass or acrylic.
The structure of the microdisplay 4 can be set according to actual requirements. In some embodiments, referring to fig. 5, the microdisplay 4 includes: a display screen 41, a polarization modulator 42 at the light exit side of the display screen 41, and a collimating element 43 at the light exit side of the polarization modulator 42. The display screen 41 includes a first display region S1 and a second display region S2. The polarization modulator 42 is configured to modulate light emitted from the first display region S1 (e.g., light rays B1, B2, and B3 emitted from point B) into first polarized light, and modulate light emitted from the second display region S2 (e.g., light rays a1, a2, and a3 emitted from point a, and light rays C1, C2, and C3 emitted from point C) into second polarized light. The collimating element 43 is configured to collimate the first polarized light and the second polarized light.
The Display screen 41 may be any screen with a Display function, such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, an Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) screen, an active matrix Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode (QLED) screen, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) screen, or a Liquid Crystal Silicon (LCOS) screen.
The polarization modulator 42 functions as described above, and may be specifically a polarization modulating optical element composed of an optically active crystal material. Of course, the polarization modulation optical element may also be any other polarization modulation optical element having an optical polarization function, which may be selected according to practical situations, and this is not limited in this disclosure.
As described above, the collimating element 43 may be specifically a device having a function of collimating light, such as a collimating lens. Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 5, the collimating element 43 is a collimating lens. The light rays B1, B2 and B3 emitted from the point B in the first display region S1 are modulated by the collimating element 43 and then converted into three parallel light rays. The light rays a1, a2 and a3 emitted from the point a in the second display region S2 are modulated by the collimating element 43 and then converted into three parallel light rays. The light rays C1, C2 and C3 emitted from the point C in the second display region S2 are modulated by the collimating element 43 and then converted into three parallel light rays.
Here, the incident angle of the first polarized light (including the light ray L3) emitted from the first display region S1 when incident on the light guide 2 is small, and is a small angle light ray. The diffraction angle of the light from the light incident area after being coupled into the optical waveguide 2 by diffraction is larger than or equal to the critical angle gamma of the total reflection of the light in the optical waveguide 2. The incident angle of the second polarized light emitted from the second display region S2 when it is incident to the light guide 2 is large. After the light enters the optical waveguide 2 through diffraction, the diffraction angle of the first part of light is larger than or equal to the critical angle gamma of the total reflection of the light in the optical waveguide 2, and the diffraction angle of the second part of light (such as the light L4) is smaller than the critical angle gamma of the total reflection of the light in the optical waveguide 2. The first part of light is small-angle light, and the second part of light is large-angle light.
In this way, in the display module provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first polarized light emitted from the first display region S1 of the microdisplay 4 and the second polarized light emitted from the second display region S2 are incident on the light guide 2 through the light incident region. The diffraction angle of the first polarized light and the first polarized light in the second polarized light when coupling into the optical waveguide 2 satisfies the total reflection condition, and the first polarized light and the second polarized light can be transmitted in the optical waveguide 2 in a total reflection manner and coupled out from the light emergent area to enter human eyes. The diffraction angle of the second part of the light in the second polarized light when coupled into the optical waveguide 2 does not satisfy the total reflection condition, and total reflection cannot occur. The relay coupling grating 5 is opposite to the light incident region and is arranged on the side, far away from the micro display 4, of the light guide 2, and can further diffract and modulate a second part of light in the second polarized light, so that the diffraction angle of the second part of light meets the total reflection condition of the light in the light guide 2. So that the second portion of the light propagates in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection and propagates to the relay outcoupling grating 6. The relay outcoupling grating 6 is opposite to the light exit area and can perform diffraction modulation on the second part of light, so that the second part of light is coupled out of the light exit area of the optical waveguide 2 to enter human eyes.
In view of the above, in the display module in the embodiment of the disclosure, the small-angle light (including the first part of the first polarized light and the second polarized light) emitted by the micro display 4 can be directly totally reflected after being coupled into the light waveguide 2, and is coupled out after being transmitted to the light exit region. After the light with a large angle (including the second part of the light with the second polarization) emitted by the microdisplay 4 enters the optical waveguide 2, the light can be totally reflected and propagated in the optical waveguide 2 and coupled out from the light-exiting area of the optical waveguide 2 by the relay-coupling grating 5 and the relay-coupling grating 6. Thus, both the small-angle light and the large-angle light of the micro display 4 can enter human eyes through the display module in the embodiment of the disclosure. Compared with the display device in the related art which can only ensure that small-angle light rays enter human eyes, the display module provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can also enable large-angle light rays to enter human eyes, so that the field angle of the display device is effectively increased.
The functions of the relay-in grating 5 and the relay-out grating 6 are as described above, and they may be specifically any one or a combination of several gratings, such as a surface relief grating, a volume holographic grating, a controllable nano grating (for example, a Liquid Crystal grating, a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) grating), and the like, and may be specifically selected and determined according to actual situations, which is not limited in this embodiment of the disclosure. It should be noted that the relay-coupling grating 5 and the relay-coupling grating 6 can selectively modulate the light according to the relevant characteristics (such as polarization state) of the incident light, wherein the light meets the corresponding conditions. Illustratively, the relay-incoupling grating 5 and the relay-outcoupling grating 6 are both polarization-selective, diffracting only the light of the second polarization and having no effect on the light of the first polarization. Thus, the first polarized light can be ensured not to be interfered, and can be smoothly transmitted in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection, and the optical waveguide 2 is coupled out.
In some embodiments, the period of the relay-incoupling grating 5 and the relay-outcoupling grating 6 is the same. Thus, the exit angle of the second part of light modulated by the relay coupling grating 6 can be reduced to the entrance angle when the second part of light enters the relay coupling grating 5, and therefore the exit angle after the second part of light is coupled out by the light exit area of the optical waveguide 2 is favorably ensured to be the same as the exit angle when the second part of light exits from the micro display 4. That is, it is advantageous to increase the angle of view of the display device while ensuring the imaging effect.
In some embodiments, please continue to refer to fig. 3, the display module further includes a light incoupling portion 7 disposed in the light incident region of the light waveguide 2 and a light outcoupling portion 8 disposed in the light exiting region of the light waveguide 2. The light incoupling section 7 is configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light into the optical waveguide 2. The light outcoupling portion 8 is configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide 2.
The functions of the light incoupling part 7 and the light outcoupling part 8 are as described above, and they may specifically be any kind of grating or combination of several kinds of gratings, such as surface relief grating, volume holographic grating, controllable nano grating (e.g., liquid crystal grating, PDLC grating), and the like, and specifically may be selected and determined according to actual conditions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Note that the light incoupling portion 7 and the light outcoupling portion 8 have the same period. Thus, it can be ensured that the emission angle of the first polarized light and the second polarized light modulated by the light out-coupling part 8 is reduced to the emission angle when the first polarized light and the second polarized light are emitted from the micro display 4. That is, the angle of view of the display device can be increased while ensuring the imaging effect.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, the light incoupling portion 7 includes a first incoupling grating 71 and a second incoupling grating 72 which are stacked. The light outcoupling portion 8 includes a first outcoupling grating 81 and a second outcoupling grating 82 which are arranged in a stack.
The first incoupling grating 71 is configured to couple first polarized light into the optical waveguide 2. The first outcoupling grating 81 is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the optical waveguide 2. And, the periods of the first incoupling grating 71 and the first outcoupling grating 81 are the same. The second incoupling grating 72 is configured to couple second polarized light into the optical waveguide 2. The second outcoupling grating 82 is configured to couple the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide 2. The periods of the second incoupling grating 72 and the second outcoupling grating 82 are the same.
Thus, it can be ensured that the emission angle of the first polarized light modulated by the first outcoupling grating 81 is the same as the emission angle when the first polarized light is emitted from the microdisplay 4, and the emission angle of the second polarized light modulated by the second outcoupling grating 82 is the same as the emission angle when the second polarized light is emitted from the microdisplay 4. The field angle of the display device can be increased while ensuring the imaging effect. It should be noted that the first in-coupling grating 71, the second in-coupling grating 72, the first out-coupling grating 81 and the second out-coupling grating 82 are all polarization selective. The first coupling-in grating 71 and the second coupling-in grating 72 diffract only the first polarized light and do not affect the second polarized light. The first outcoupling grating 81 and the second outcoupling grating 82 diffract only the second polarized light and do not affect the first polarized light. Thus, it can be ensured that the first polarized light and the second polarized light are not interfered by the device on the propagation path of the other party, and are smoothly propagated by total reflection in the optical waveguide 2, and coupled out of the optical waveguide 2.
In other embodiments, the light incoupling part 7 comprises a liquid crystal incoupling grating and the light outcoupling part 8 comprises a liquid crystal outcoupling grating. The liquid crystal incoupling grating is configured to couple first polarized light into the optical waveguide 2 during a first period of time and to couple second polarized light into the optical waveguide 2 during a second period of time. The liquid crystal outcoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the light guide 2 during a first period of time and to couple the second polarized light out of the light guide 2 during a second period of time.
Here, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal incoupling grating and the liquid crystal outcoupling grating is controlled so that the liquid crystal molecules only modulate light with specific properties, for example, light with a specific polarization state, within a certain period of time, and do not affect light with properties other than the specific properties. Thus, the liquid crystal in-coupling grating can be time-division multiplexed into the in-coupling grating element of the first polarized light or the second polarized light, and the liquid crystal out-coupling grating can be time-division multiplexed into the out-coupling grating element of the first polarized light or the second polarized light. In the first time period, the first polarized light can enter the optical waveguide 2 through the liquid crystal coupling grating, is totally reflected and propagated to the light-emitting area in the optical waveguide 2, and is coupled out of the optical waveguide 2 through the liquid crystal coupling grating. In the second time period, the second polarized light can enter the optical waveguide 2 through the liquid crystal coupling grating, is totally reflected and propagated to the light-out area in the optical waveguide 2, and is coupled out of the optical waveguide 2 through the liquid crystal coupling grating. In this way, the display image of the first display region S1 and the display image of the second display region S2 of the microdisplay 4 alternately enter the human eye, and the display image of the first display region S1 and the display image of the second display region S2 displayed in two consecutive periods constitute one frame picture. With the use of the visual retention, the human eye can see the display image of the entire display area of the microdisplay 4. It is easy to understand that the sum of the time lengths of the first time interval and the second time interval should be less than the time length that human eyes can recognize, so as to ensure that the refreshing frequency of the picture is higher than the frequency that human eyes can recognize, and ensure the display effect of the display module. Illustratively, the sum of the durations of the first and second periods is less than or equal to 16 ms.
It should be noted that, in the same period, the periods of the liquid crystal in-grating and the liquid crystal out-grating are the same. The first polarized light and the second polarized light can be smoothly coupled out of the optical waveguide 2, and the exit angle of the first polarized light or the second polarized light modulated by the liquid crystal coupling grating can be reduced to the exit angle when the first polarized light or the second polarized light exits from the micro display 4. That is, the angle of view of the display device can be increased while ensuring the imaging effect.
In the embodiment, the first incoupling grating 71 and the second incoupling grating 72 are replaced by one liquid crystal incoupling grating, and the first outcoupling grating 81 and the second outcoupling grating 82 are replaced by one liquid crystal outcoupling grating, so that the structure of the display module is simplified, and the display module is light and thin.
Of course, the liquid crystal incoupling grating and the liquid crystal outcoupling grating may also be other grating elements capable of modulating and selectively modulating light rays with different polarization states at different moments, such as a controllable nano grating.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a display device. The display device comprises the display module according to the embodiment.
Here, the number of the display modules in the display device may be one or more.
In some embodiments, the number of display modules is one. At this time, the structure and performance of the display device are the same as those of the display module described in some embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
In some embodiments, the number of the display modules is two, and the display modules include a first display module M1 and a second display module M2 stacked on the light emitting side of the first display module M1. The second display region S2 of the microdisplay 4 in the first display module M1 is located on the first side of the first display region S1, and the second display region S2 of the microdisplay 4 in the second display module M2 is located on the second side of the first display region S1. The first side and the second side are respectively different sides of the first display region S1. The light emitting area of the light waveguide 2 in the second display module M2 and the light emitting area of the light waveguide 2 in the first display module M1 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the second display module M2 does not block the light emitting of the first display module M1.
For example, referring to fig. 6, the first display area S1 is the central display area of the microdisplay 4. The second display region S2 of the first display module M1 is located at the left side of the first display region S1, and the second display region S2 of the second display module M2 is located at the right side of the first display region S1. In the process of displaying the picture, the first display module M1 and the second display module M2 cooperate with each other to display the same picture. Among them, the microdisplays 4 of the first display module M1 display the left half of the screen, and the microdisplays 4 of the second display module M2 display the right half of the screen.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the light emergent region Sd of the light waveguide 2 in the second display module M2 and the light emergent region Sc of the light waveguide 2 in the first display module M1 do not overlap with each other. In this way, the left half picture displayed by the microdisplay 4 of the first display module M1 and the right half picture displayed by the microdisplay 4 of the second display module M2 can be seen by human eyes at the same time, that is, a complete picture can be seen by human eyes.
The display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is applied to AR display and also can be applied to Virtual Reality (VR) display. The beneficial effect that it can reach is the same with the display effect that the display module assembly can reach in above-mentioned embodiment.
It should be noted that, when the display device includes one display module, the corresponding light incoupling portion 7, the relay incoupling grating 5, the relay outcoupling grating 6, and the light outcoupling portion 8 diffract light emitted from the whole display area of the microdisplay 4. When the display device comprises a plurality of display modules, the corresponding light incoupling part 7, the relay incoupling grating 5, the relay outcoupling grating 6 and the light outcoupling part 8 in each display module diffract only light emitted from a part of the display area in the microdisplay 4 in the process of displaying the image. Therefore, when the display device comprises a plurality of display modules, the diffraction efficiency of the corresponding light incoupling part 7, the relay incoupling grating 5, the relay outcoupling grating 6 and the light outcoupling part 8 in each display module can be higher, so that the picture seen by human eyes is clearer. In addition, it is easy to understand that the display device has a larger field angle by using the display module to display through the splicing of the pictures.
The embodiment of the disclosure further provides a display method, which is applied to the display module set in the embodiment. Referring to fig. 7, the display method includes S100 to S200.
S100, the first display region S1 of the microdisplay 4 provides light of a first polarization and the second display region S2 provides light of a second polarization.
Here, the microdisplay 4 includes a polarization-modulating optical element capable of modulating the polarization state of the outgoing light from the microdisplay 4. Illustratively, referring to fig. 5, the microdisplay 4 includes a display screen 41, a polarization modulator 42 positioned on the light-exiting side of the display screen 41, and a collimating element 43 positioned on the light-exiting side of the polarization modulator 42. The polarization modulator 42 can modulate the light emitted from the first display region S1 of the display panel 41 into the first polarized light, and modulate the light emitted from the second display region S2 of the display panel 41 into the second polarized light. The first polarized light and the second polarized light are collimated by the collimating element 43 and then enter the light entrance region of the optical waveguide 2.
S200, the first polarized light and the second polarized light are coupled into the optical waveguide 2 from the light incident region. The first part of the second polarized light and the first polarized light are propagated in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection and coupled out from the light-exiting region. The second part of the light which is not totally reflected and propagated in the second polarized light is totally reflected and propagated in the optical waveguide 2 after being modulated by the relay coupling optical grating 5. The second part of the light propagating to the relay outcoupling grating 6 is outcoupled from the light outtake region after being modulated by the relay outcoupling grating 6.
Here, referring to fig. 3 to 4, the light incident region of the optical waveguide 2 is generally provided with a light incoupling portion 7, and the light emergent region is generally provided with a light outcoupling portion 8. The periods of the relay-incoupling grating 5 and the relay-outcoupling grating 6 are the same.
It should be noted that, the implementation steps of the display method are different according to different structural arrangements of the light incoupling part 7 and the light outcoupling part 8 in the display module.
For example, the structure of the display module is shown in fig. 4. The light incoupling section 7 includes a first incoupling grating 71 and a second incoupling grating 72, which are stacked. The light outcoupling portion 8 includes a first outcoupling grating 81 and a second outcoupling grating 82 which are arranged in a stack. The first in-coupling grating 71 and the first out-coupling grating 81 only modulate the first polarized light, and the second in-coupling grating 72 and the second out-coupling grating 82 only modulate the second polarized light. The periods of the first incoupling grating 71 and the first outcoupling grating 81 are the same, and the periods of the second incoupling grating 72 and the second outcoupling grating 82 are the same.
After the first polarized light is modulated by the first incoupling grating 71 and enters the optical waveguide 2, the first polarized light can be propagated in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection, and the first polarized light is modulated by the first outcoupling grating 81 and enters the human eye when being propagated to the light-emitting region.
Meanwhile, the second polarized light is modulated into the optical waveguide 2 by the second incoupling grating 72. The first part of the second polarized light can be propagated in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection, and coupled out of the optical waveguide 2 by the second coupling-out grating 82 when being propagated to the light-emitting region, and enter human eyes. A second portion of the second polarized light is not capable of propagating by total reflection within the light guide 2, but is incident on a relay-coupled grating 5 opposite the light entrance area and disposed on a side of the light guide 2 remote from the microdisplay 4. The second part of the light further modulated by the relay-coupled grating 5 can be totally reflected in the optical waveguide 2 and, when propagating to the relay-coupled grating 6, which is opposite to the light exit region and is arranged on the side of the optical waveguide 2 close to the microdisplay 4, is modulated again by the relay-coupled grating 6 and is incident on the light exit region of the optical waveguide 2. Then, a second part of the light is coupled out of the optical waveguide 2 through the second outcoupling grating 82 and enters the human eye.
Here, since the periods of the relay-incoupling grating 5 and the relay-outcoupling grating 6 are the same, the periods of the first incoupling grating 71 and the first outcoupling grating 81 are the same, and the periods of the second incoupling grating 72 and the second outcoupling grating 82 are the same, the exit angles of the first polarized light and the second polarized light outcoupled from the light outtake region and the exit angles thereof when exiting from the microdisplay 4 can be kept the same.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the first polarized light and the second polarized light provided by the microdisplay 4 can simultaneously propagate from the light-incoming region of the light waveguide 2 into the light waveguide 2 and then be coupled out from the light-outgoing region of the light waveguide 2. At this time, the steps of the display method are as shown in fig. 7. In other embodiments, the structure of the display module is shown in FIG. 3. The light incoupling part 7 is a liquid crystal incoupling grating, and the light outcoupling part 8 is a liquid crystal outcoupling grating. The periods of the liquid crystal coupling-in grating and the liquid crystal coupling-out grating are the same. In the display process of the display module, the arrangement mode of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal coupling-in grating and the liquid crystal coupling-out grating is controlled, so that the first polarized light and the second polarized light provided by the micro display 4 enter the optical waveguide 2 through the light coupling-in part 7 for transmission and are coupled out through the light coupling-out part 8.
Illustratively, the first polarized light enters the optical waveguide 2 to propagate through the light incoupling part 7 during a first period of time and then is coupled out through the light outcoupling part 8, and the second polarized light enters the optical waveguide 2 to propagate through the light incoupling part 7 during a second period of time and then is coupled out through the light outcoupling part 8.
At this time, referring to fig. 8, S200 of the display method includes S201 to S202.
S201, in a first time period, the first polarized light is coupled into the optical waveguide 2 from the liquid crystal coupling optical grating in the light incident region for total reflection propagation, and is coupled out from the liquid crystal coupling optical grating in the light exiting region.
The specific propagation process of the first polarized light is the same as the above embodiment, and is not described herein again.
S202, in the second period, the second polarized light is coupled into the optical waveguide 2 from the liquid crystal in the light incident region. A first part of the light of the second polarization propagates in the optical waveguide 2 by total reflection and is coupled out from the light exit region. The second part of the light which is not totally reflected and propagated in the second polarized light is totally reflected and propagated in the optical waveguide 2 after being modulated by the relay coupling optical grating 5. The second part of the light propagating to the relay outcoupling grating 6 is outcoupled from the liquid crystal outcoupling grating of the light exit area after being modulated by the relay outcoupling grating 6.
The specific propagation process of the second polarized light in the optical waveguide 2 is the same as that of the above embodiment, and is not described here again.
Here, since the periods of the liquid crystal incoupling grating and the liquid crystal outcoupling grating are the same, and the periods of the relay incoupling grating 5 and the relay outcoupling grating 6 are the same, the emission angles of the first polarized light and the second polarized light outcoupled by the light outcoming region and the angles when they are emitted from the microdisplay 4 can be kept the same.
It should be noted that fig. 8 only shows the display method of the display module in one frame of the picture time in this embodiment, and the actual display process is a continuous multiple cycles of the display method shown in the figure. The beneficial effects that the display method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can achieve are the same as those that the display module can achieve in the above embodiments, and the description is omitted here.
In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A display module, comprising:
the micro display comprises a first display area and a second display area located beside the first display area; the first display region is configured to emit light of a first polarization, and the second display region is configured to emit light of a second polarization;
the optical waveguide is positioned on the light emitting side of the micro display and is provided with a light entering region and a light emitting region; after a first part of light rays of the first polarized light emitted by the first display area and the second polarized light emitted by the second display area are coupled into the optical waveguide through diffraction action by the light incoming area, the diffraction angle is larger than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection;
the relay coupling-in grating is opposite to the light incident region, is arranged on one side, far away from the micro display, of the optical waveguide, and is configured to modulate a second part of light rays, of second polarized light diffracted by the light incident region, of which the diffraction angles do not meet the total reflection condition, so that the second part of light rays are subjected to total reflection propagation in the optical waveguide;
and the relay coupling-out grating is opposite to the light emergent area, is arranged on one side of the optical waveguide close to the micro display, and is configured to couple out the second part of light to the light emergent area so as to couple out the second part of light from the light emergent area.
2. The display module of claim 1, wherein the periods of the relay-in grating and the relay-out grating are the same.
3. The display module assembly of claim 1, wherein the display module assembly further comprises:
a light incoupling unit provided in the light entrance region of the optical waveguide and configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light into the optical waveguide;
and the number of the first and second groups,
and a light outcoupling unit provided in the light outcoupling region of the optical waveguide and configured to couple the first polarized light and the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide.
4. The display module according to claim 3, wherein the light incoupling part comprises a first incoupling grating and a second incoupling grating which are stacked; the light out-coupling part comprises a first out-coupling grating and a second out-coupling grating which are arranged in a stacked mode; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the period of the first coupling-in grating is the same as that of the first coupling-out grating; the first incoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light into the optical waveguide; the first outcoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the optical waveguide;
the period of the second coupling-in grating is the same as that of the second coupling-out grating; the second incoupling grating is configured to couple the second polarized light into the optical waveguide; the second outcoupling grating is configured to couple the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide.
5. The display module according to claim 3, wherein the light incoupling part comprises a liquid crystal incoupling grating; the light out-coupling part comprises a liquid crystal out-coupling grating; in the same time period, the periods of the liquid crystal coupling-in grating and the liquid crystal coupling-out grating are the same;
the liquid crystal incoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light into the optical waveguide for a first period of time and to couple the second polarized light into the optical waveguide for a second period of time;
the liquid crystal outcoupling grating is configured to couple the first polarized light out of the optical waveguide during the first period of time and to couple the second polarized light out of the optical waveguide during the second period of time.
6. The display module of claim 5, wherein the sum of the durations of the first and second periods is less than or equal to 16 ms.
7. The display module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the micro display comprises:
a display screen including the first display area and the second display area;
the polarization modulator is positioned on the light emitting side of the display screen and configured to modulate the light emitted from the first display area into the first polarized light and modulate the light emitted from the second display area into the second polarized light;
a collimating element located at a light exit side of the polarization modulator configured to collimate the first polarized light and the second polarized light.
8. A display device, comprising the display module according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the number of the display modules is two, and the display device comprises a first display module and a second display module which is stacked on a light emitting side of the first display module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a second display area of the micro display in the first display module is positioned at the first side of the first display area, and a second display area of the micro display in the second display module is positioned at the second side of the first display area; the first side and the second side are respectively different sides of the first display area;
the light emitting area of the optical waveguide in the second display module and the light emitting area of the optical waveguide in the first display module are arranged in a staggered mode, and the second display module does not shield the light emitting of the first display module.
10. A display method is applied to the display module set as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; the display method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a first display area of the microdisplay provides first polarized light and a second display area provides second polarized light; the first polarized light and the second polarized light are coupled into the optical waveguide from the light incoming area;
after a first part of light in the second polarized light and the first polarized light are coupled into the optical waveguide through diffraction action from the light inlet area, the diffraction angle is larger than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection, total reflection propagation is carried out in the optical waveguide, and the light is coupled out from the light outlet area;
after the second part of light rays which do not meet the total reflection condition in the diffraction angle of the second polarized light after being diffracted by the light incoming area are modulated by the relay coupling grating, the second part of light rays are subjected to total reflection propagation in the optical waveguide;
the second part of light propagating to the relay outcoupling grating is coupled out from the light-exiting area after being modulated by the relay outcoupling grating.
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| CN111766707A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-13 | 谷东科技有限公司 | Two-dimensional pupil-expanding waveguide display device and augmented reality display device |
| CN113050285B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-03-25 | 奥提赞光晶(山东)显示科技有限公司 | Display device, system and display method |
| CN113589528B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江大学 | Two-dimensional pupil expanding method based on liquid crystal polarizer grating |
| CN115685546A (en) * | 2021-07-31 | 2023-02-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Display equipment module, display equipment and image display method |
| CN114325938A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江大学 | Single-layer waveguide display piece based on liquid crystal polarizer grating and preparation method thereof |
| CN114815035B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-10-31 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
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