CN111308685A - Artificial multi-color guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics - Google Patents
Artificial multi-color guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics Download PDFInfo
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- CN111308685A CN111308685A CN201911220951.9A CN201911220951A CN111308685A CN 111308685 A CN111308685 A CN 111308685A CN 201911220951 A CN201911220951 A CN 201911220951A CN 111308685 A CN111308685 A CN 111308685A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial multicolor guide star array transmitting system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics, which comprises a laser, a beam expanding lens group, a beam splitting mechanism, a tilt reflector, a transmitting telescope and a tilt detection system, wherein the tilt detection system comprises a wedge mirror, a tilt detector and a controller, and the transmitting telescope has the functions of emitting laser and imaging a target simultaneously; the laser emitted from the laser passes through the beam splitting mechanism after being expanded by the beam expanding lens, is reflected by the inclined reflector, and is focused by the beam expanding of the transmitting telescope, so that the high-altitude sodium atoms generate primary excitation and generate a multicolor guide star array with at least two wave bands. The multi-color guide star is used for detecting the oblique aberration of the uplink path and correcting the oblique aberration to obtain the guide star array with a determined position, the fusion and decoupling errors caused by the uncertain position of the guide star array can be obviously reduced, the performance of the multilayer conjugate adaptive optical system is improved, the detection precision of the multi-beacon pair of turbulence is effectively improved, and the multi-beacon pair turbulence detection device is simple and compact in structure and wide in application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an adaptive optical device, in particular to an artificial multicolor guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics.
Background
The problem of insufficient sky coverage of a natural guide star is solved by utilizing the laser to excite the sodium atom resonance scattering at 90km to generate the sodium guide star, and the method is a main means for performing wavefront detection by using the large-caliber ground telescope adaptive optical system at present. The wave-front detection by using a single sodium guide star basically meets the requirements of a telescope with the caliber of about 8m, but the caliber of the next generation telescope reaches the magnitude of 30m, and the detection by using the single sodium guide star has the following problems: 1) because the height generated by the excitation of the sodium guide star is limited, the 'cone effect' caused by incomplete turbulent flow sampling on the path by the sodium guide star is more obvious, so that the correction effect of the back-end AO system is reduced; 2) the single sodium signal star can only carry out two-dimensional detection on turbulent flow information on a path, so that the correction field of view (only a few angular seconds in a visible light wave band) of the AO system is limited, and the application of the AO system is further limited, such as the imaging of an extended target (a star cloud).
The main means for overcoming the problems is a multi-layer conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) system, which mainly utilizes off-axis guide stars in different directions to detect turbulence information in multiple sight directions, then utilizes a chromatography technology to decouple and fuse the turbulence information in each sight direction to obtain atmospheric turbulence information in different altitudes, and then utilizes a plurality of deformable mirrors to conjugate to the altitudes where different turbulence layers are located to correct turbulence.
However, in practice, when the guide star pumps the laser light through the atmosphere, the tilt aberration of the turbulence will generate a random offset unknown (ε)x，εy) Then the actual artificial guide position is (X)μν+εx，Yμν+εy) But the theoretical calculation of turbulence information is according to Xμν，YμνDecoupling fusion is carried out, so that errors exist between the recovered atmosphere three-dimensional information and actual information, the problems cannot be avoided no matter the subsequent chromatographic technique or the wavefront detection technique is improved, and the precision and the reliability of the MCAO system are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides an artificial multi-color guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics, which can complete detection of turbulence inclination information of an uplink path, and perform closed-loop correction on the turbulence inclination information by using an inclined reflector to obtain an artificial guide star array with an accurate position, so as to generate an ideal guide star array for an adaptive optical system and improve the performance of the multilayer conjugate adaptive optical system.
The technical scheme is as follows:
an artificial multi-color guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser, a beam expanding lens group, a beam splitting mechanism, a tilting reflector, a transmitting telescope and a tilt detection system, wherein the tilt detection system comprises a wedge mirror, a tilt detector and a controller, and the transmitting telescope has the functions of emitting laser and imaging a target simultaneously;
after being expanded by a beam expanding lens, laser emitted from a laser penetrates through a light splitting mechanism, is reflected by an inclined reflector, and is subjected to beam expanding focusing through a transmitting telescope, so that high-altitude sodium atoms generate primary excitation and generate a multi-color guide star array with at least two wave bands;
the transmitting telescope can receive return light of two wave bands of the multicolor guide star array, the return light is reflected by the inclined reflector and the light splitting mechanism in sequence, the offset distance of the return light generated by atmospheric turbulence is amplified through the wedge mirror, the return light enters the inclined detector to detect the relative position difference of the two return lights corresponding to the guide star, the controller recovers uplink path inclination information according to a detection signal of the inclined detector, controls the inclined reflector in a transmitting light path to generate corresponding displacement, and the closed-loop correction of the inclined aberration is completed.
By adopting the scheme, in the process of detecting the three-dimensional information of the atmospheric turbulence by utilizing the artificial guide star array, because the atmospheric turbulence also exists in the upward path of the guide star pump laser, the position of the artificial guide star can be randomly drifted due to the inclination information of the turbulence, so that the decoupling and fusion precision of the single guide star detection turbulence is influenced, and obvious errors are generated in the correction of the rear-end multilayer conjugate adaptive optical system. In the application, a sodium atom is subjected to primary excitation through laser to generate a multi-color beacon with at least two return light wave bands, because different wave bands have different refractive indexes to the atmosphere, return light spots with different wavelengths are imaged, the two light spots are offset by a certain distance, the distance can reflect inclination information of an uplink path turbulent flow, the offset distance can be amplified by a wedge mirror, the return light spots are easier to receive and detect by an inclination detector, the detection of the inclination information of the uplink path turbulent flow can be completed by the inclination detector, a controller is used for controlling an inclined reflector to generate corresponding displacement, closed-loop correction is completed, an artificial guide star array with an accurate position is finally obtained, an ideal sodium guide star array is generated for a self-adaptive optical system, and the performance of the multi-layer conjugate self-adaptive optical system is improved.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the light splitting mechanism is a polarization light splitting mechanism and can perform time-sharing light splitting based on the time sequence of the emitted laser and the guide star return light. By adopting the scheme, the interference can be weakened, and the optical energy loss is relatively reduced.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the light splitting mechanism splits light by adopting a hole digging light splitting principle. By adopting the scheme, the structure is relatively simple, the acquisition is convenient, and the system cost is favorably reduced.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: one of the return lights of the two wave bands received by the transmitting telescope is short-wave return light, and the wavelength of the short-wave return light is less than 0.4 mu m. By adopting the scheme, the shorter the wavelength is, the larger the refractive index change rate is, and when the double-wavelength detection is carried out, one of the wavelengths is the short wavelength, so that the refractive index difference between two return lights can be increased, and the difference value is large enough to enable the return light spot to deviate obviously, so that the measurement is more accurate.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the laser is a 330nm laser. The scheme is adopted, the multicolor beacons of two kinds of return light wave bands of 330nm and 589nm can be generated when the 330nm laser performs primary excitation on sodium atoms, the beacons of two different wave bands are generated through transition between different energy levels of the sodium atoms, the system structure is simpler, the operation is convenient, the difference of the return light wave bands is larger, the difference of the refractive indexes of the return light is larger, the deviation of return light spots is obvious, the detection and the measurement are also convenient, and the multicolor guide star generated by transition of the same sodium atom between different energy levels is adopted, so that the light spots of the two wave band guide stars are completely coincided, and the error caused by non-overlapping light spots when the multicolor guide stars are generated by using different wave band lasers is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme, the artificial multicolor leading star array transmitting system based on the multilayer conjugate adaptive optics utilizes the multicolor leading star to detect the oblique aberration of the uplink path to obtain the leading star array with a determined position, can obviously reduce the fusion and decoupling errors caused by the uncertain position of the leading star array, improves the performance of the multilayer conjugate adaptive optics system, effectively improves the detection precision of multiple beacons on turbulence, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, wide application range and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the principle of construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of obtaining atmospheric turbulence tilt information using multi-center steering;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first-order transition of a 330nm laser excited sodium atom;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of imaging a light spot on the target surface of the tilt detector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
For ease of understanding, the basic principles of layered three-dimensional detection of atmospheric turbulence using an artificial sodium guide star array will first be described in detail:
wherein, Xμν，YμνThe position coordinate of a certain guide star in the artificial guide star array; (i, j) is the coordinate of the sub-aperture; xij，YijIs the position on the hartmann detector of the x and y directions offset for a ray passing through the (i, j) sub-aperture; h is the height of the artificial guide star; n is the total number of turbulent stratification layers;
the angle of offset in x and y directions generated by the turbulence unit in the k-th layer of turbulence for light passing through the (i, j) sub-aperture, wherein
hmRepresents the m-th layer of turbulence; r is(m)Is the atmospheric coherence length of the mth layer, i.e. the size of the sub-aperture projected onto the mth layer of the thin layer atmosphere.
Assuming that the Hartmann detector has N sub-apertures in total, atmospheric turbulence is divided into M layers, and the guide star array comprises M/N guide stars, therefore, the angular offset generated by all atmospheric turbulence units can be solved
Thereby completely detecting the three-dimensional information of the atmospheric turbulence, and the angle deviation generated by the atmospheric turbulence unit can be seen from the formula
Is the position X of the guide starμν，YμνHowever, due to the effect of turbulence, the directors also produce a random offset unknown (ε)x，εy) Then the actual artificial guide position is Xμν+εx，Yμν+εyHowever, the prior system and theory calculates turbulence information according to Xμν，YμνThe decoupling fusion is carried out, so that a large error exists between the restored three-dimensional atmospheric information and the actual information, and the system of the invention aims to obtain the calculation (epsilon)x，εy) And can be based on (epsilon)x，εy) The value of (c) completes the closed loop correction and improves the performance of the optical system.
Against this background, with reference to fig. 1 to 4, the present application proposes an artificial multi-color guide star array transmission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics, which mainly comprises a laser 1, a beam expanding lens group 2, a beam splitting mechanism 3, a tilt mirror 7, a transmission telescope 8 and a tilt detection system 10, wherein the tilt detection system 10 comprises a wedge 4, a tilt detector 5 and a controller 6.
After being expanded by a beam expanding lens 2, laser emitted from a laser 1 passes through a light splitting mechanism 3, is reflected by an inclined reflector 7, and is subjected to beam expanding focusing through a transmitting telescope 8, so that high-altitude sodium atoms generate primary excitation and generate a multi-color guide star array 9 with at least two different wave bands;
the transmitting telescope 8 has the functions of emitting laser and imaging a target, can receive two return lights with different wave bands of the multicolor guide star array 9, sequentially reflects the return lights through the inclined reflector 7 and the light splitting mechanism 3, amplifies the offset distance of the return lights generated by atmospheric turbulence through the wedge mirror 4, and then enters the inclined detector 5 to detect the relative position difference of the two return lights corresponding to the guide star, the controller 6 recovers the inclination information of an uplink path according to a detection signal of the inclined detector 5 and controls the inclined reflector 7 in a transmitting light path to generate corresponding displacement, so that the closed-loop correction of the inclined aberration is completed.
The light splitting mechanism 3 in the invention can be a polarization light splitting structure, namely, the light splitting mechanism can perform time-sharing light splitting according to the time sequence of laser emission and guide return light, so as to ensure that light paths cannot interfere and reduce light energy loss, and of course, a device adopting a hole digging light splitting principle can also be directly adopted, so that the structure is relatively simple, and the cost is lower.
In this embodiment, taking the example that the laser 1 is a 330nm laser, when the 330nm laser emits laser light to excite sodium atoms in the first order, the transition energy level is as shown in fig. 3, photons in the 330nm band enter the 90km sodium layer, and the sodium atoms absorb the energy of one photon, which is obtained by 3S1/2Transition of base energy level to 4P3/2An excitation level. After a certain life time, the atoms at the excitation level generate spontaneous radiation, and the atoms are transited to 3S from the excitation level1/2And 4S1/2When the light is emitted, photons with central wavelengths of 330nm and 2206nm are radiated; at 4S1/2Transition of atom to 3P3/2And 3P1/2When the light source emits light, photons with central wavelengths of 1140nm and 1138nm are radiated; at 3P3/2Transition of sodium atom to 3S1/2Then, photons with the central wavelength of 589nm are radiated; at 3P1/2Transition of sodium atom to 3S1/2When the light source emits light, photons with the wave band of 589.6nm are radiated.
When the artificial beacon scatters the return light, the wavelengths of the two return lights are respectively lambda1And λ2When the return light waves of the two wave bands experience the same atmospheric turbulence, as shown in fig. 2, the turbulence effect at this time can be equivalent to a wedge 4, and due to the difference of the wavelengths, the refractive indexes of the different return light relative to the turbulence are different, and the difference of the refractive indexes is recorded as Δ n ═ n (λ n)1)-n(λ2) And n (λ) represents a refractive index with respect to the atmosphere for a certain wavelength λ, which is an inherent property of the wavelength.
At this time, the return light of the two wave bands is imaged by using the transmitting telescope 8, it will be found that the light spots of the return light imaging of the two wave bands are separated because the angle deviation θ generated by the atmospheric turbulence to the two wave bands is different, and at this time, the difference between the angle deviations of the two wave bands is recorded as Δ θ (in practical cases, the return light of the two wave bands are approximately parallel, and Δ θ between the two wave bands is enlarged for easy understanding in fig. 2), and according to the angle geometric relationship, the angle deviation generated by the atmospheric turbulence tilt aberration for a certain wavelength λ can be calculated as:
θ＝βΔθ
wherein:
to stabilize the sodium admittance, λ is 589nm in this example.
The slope variation of two wavelengths is obtained by inclining the positions of the two light spot offsets of the return light with the wave bands of 330nm and 589nm in the detector 5, so as to calculate the angle theta of the atmospheric turbulence offset, and then (epsilon) is calculatedx,εy) And finally, compensating the offset angle by utilizing the inclined reflector.
According to the theory of error transfer, the atmospheric inclination angle detection error sigmaθ＝βσΔθThat is, under the same angular deflection difference Δ θ measurement accuracy condition, the smaller the sensitivity factor β, the higher the measurement accuracy of the atmospheric inclination angle θ, and as can be seen from the formula, increasing Δ n is one of the important means for reducing β, and according to the research results, the shorter the wavelength is, the larger the refractive index change for different wavelengths is, so when two-wavelength detection is selected, one wavelength should be short, i.e. λ < 0.4um, which is beneficial to ensure that Δ n is large enough, so this patent adopts a multicolor beacon with two wave bands of 330nm return light and 589nm return light to detect the inclination information.
The two wave band light spots obtained on the target surface of the tilt detector 5 are schematically shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that although the atmospheric paths experienced by the two wave band light waves are the same, a certain distance is separated between the 330nm wave band light spot and the 589nm wave band light spot due to different refractive indexes of the atmosphere to different wave bands, and the deviation distance is amplified by the wedge 4 so as to be convenient for the tilt detector 5 to detect, and the displacement distances of the mass center of the two different wave band light spots relative to the center of the target surface can be extracted as (x) respectively by using a mass center extraction method589,y589)、(x330,y330) Therefore, the distance difference of the two light spots in the x and y directions can be obtained:
Δx＝|x589-x330|
Δy＝|y589-y330|
if the focal length of the imaging lens at the front end of the tilt detector 5 is f, the angular deviation of two light spots in the x and y directions can be obtained:
the amount of tilt compensation produced by the tilting mirror 7 in the x and y directions can be determined as:
θx＝βΔθx
θy＝βΔθy
thus, the offset value is obtained:
εx＝θχ·h
εy＝θy·h
where h is the sodium layer center height, to give εx，εyAfter the value is obtained, the actual position of the artificial guide star can be obtained, and meanwhile, the guide star array can be effectively ensured to be positioned at the determined position through the inclination compensation of the inclined reflector 7, so that the performance of the optical system is greatly improved, the accuracy of multi-beacon to turbulence detection and the like are greatly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An artificial multi-color guide star array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser (1), a beam expanding lens group (2), a light splitting mechanism (3), a tilt reflector (7), a transmitting telescope (8) and a tilt detection system (10), wherein the tilt detection system (10) comprises a wedge mirror (4), a tilt detector (5) and a controller (6), and the transmitting telescope (8) has the functions of emitting laser and imaging a target simultaneously;
laser emitted from a laser (1) is expanded by a beam expanding lens (2), then passes through a light splitting mechanism (3), is reflected by an inclined reflector (7), and is expanded and focused by a transmitting telescope (8), so that high-altitude sodium atoms generate primary excitation and generate a multi-color guide star array (9) with at least two wave bands;
the transmitting telescope (8) can receive return light of two wave bands of the multicolor guide star array (9), and after the return light is reflected by the inclined reflector (7) and the light splitting mechanism (3) in sequence, the offset distance of the return light generated by atmospheric turbulence is amplified through the wedge mirror (4), the return light enters the inclined detector (5) to detect the relative position difference of the two return lights corresponding to the guide star, the controller (6) recovers uplink path inclination information according to a detection signal of the inclined detector (5), controls the inclined reflector (7) in a transmitting light path to generate corresponding displacement, and finishes inclined aberration closed-loop correction.
2. The artificial multi-color director array transmission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics according to claim 1, wherein: the light splitting mechanism (3) is a polarization light splitting mechanism and can perform time-sharing light splitting based on the time sequence of the emitted laser and the guide star return light.
3. The artificial multi-color director array transmission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics according to claim 1, wherein: the light splitting mechanism (3) splits light by adopting a hole digging light splitting principle.
4. The artificial multi-color director array emission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: one of the two wave bands of return light received by the transmitting telescope (8) is short-wave return light, and the wavelength of the short-wave return light is less than 0.4 mu m.
5. The artificial multi-color director array transmission system based on multilayer conjugate adaptive optics according to claim 1, wherein: the laser (1) is a 330nm laser.
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