CN111308059B - Method for quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticide - Google Patents
Method for quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticide Download PDFInfo
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- CN111308059B CN111308059B CN202010217667.2A CN202010217667A CN111308059B CN 111308059 B CN111308059 B CN 111308059B CN 202010217667 A CN202010217667 A CN 202010217667A CN 111308059 B CN111308059 B CN 111308059B
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 208000027691 Conduct disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 12
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 description 4
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N kresoxim-methyl Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC=C1C ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@@]1(CN2N=CN=C2)[C@H](C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)O1 ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228438 Bipolaris maydis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223208 Curvularia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005767 Epoxiconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBOUIAKEJMZPQG-BLXFFLACSA-N diniconazole-M Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C([C@H](O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FBOUIAKEJMZPQG-BLXFFLACSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticides, and belongs to the field of chemical prevention and control of crop epidemic diseases. The pesticide to be evaluated is applied to target crops in the critical period of medicament control according to the using method, and three application environments are set: environmental condition I: firstly, inoculating diseases and then applying medicines; environmental condition II: firstly, applying medicines and then inoculating diseases; environmental condition III: only the pesticide is applied without inoculating diseases; and selecting a proper period according to target crops and diseases, carrying out disease grading investigation and yield investigation, calculating indexes of disease indexes, control effects and crop yield change rates, carrying out statistical analysis on the disease indexes and yield traits through analysis of variance and multiple comparisons, and quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticides. The method can accurately and quantitatively evaluate whether the pesticide has the functional characteristics of treatment, prevention and protection and improvement of plant health, and has simple operation process and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticides, and belongs to the field of chemical prevention and control of crop epidemic diseases.
Background
Agricultural production occupies an important position in the economic system of China, and pest control is an important link in agricultural production. The control method of crop diseases and insect pests mainly comprises plant quarantine, disease-resistant breeding, agricultural control, chemical control, physical mechanical control, biological control and the like, wherein the chemical control of the diseases and insect pests by using pesticides is long-lasting. The chemical control has the characteristics of quick effect, high work efficiency and no time or region limitation, and therefore, the chemical control always occupies an important position in the comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests.
At present, in the use of pesticides in China, the understanding of the functions and the characteristics of the pesticides is not comprehensive, and the selection and the use of the pesticides are not scientific, so that the pesticide utilization efficiency is low, the resource is wasted, and the ecological environment is polluted. The traditional concept of pesticides is substances that can be used to kill insects, fungi, weeds and other organisms that are harmful to the growth of crops. However, with the intensive research, people increasingly find that some pesticides have various functions of promoting plant growth, preserving freshness, stress resistance and the like, and are internationally called as "plant health effect" while preventing and killing insects, pathogenic bacteria and other harmful organisms. The health effect of plants is a brand-new concept for the pesticide industry, and is a function which is worth fully paying attention to and utilizing besides pest control. At present, the bactericide products developed by advanced international pesticide companies more pursue multiple functions and characteristics, such as strong systemic property, broad disease prevention spectrum, prevention and treatment, long drug effect period and the like, of the popularized products, and also have multiple functions of plant health adjustment, green keeping, yield increase and the like.
When a grower controls crop diseases in agricultural production, the crop disease is influenced by various factors such as the application period, the selection of the medicament, the application cost, the control benefit and the like. According to the period and effect of the pesticide in field application, the functional characteristics of pesticide effect can be classified into three types of prevention protection, treatment and improvement of plant health. In practical applications, pesticides with prophylactic protection properties may be applied before the disease occurs; the pesticide with therapeutic effect on the crops with diseases can be sprayed in the initial stage of the occurrence of the diseases; pesticides with the function of disease control and the function of improving plant health can increase user benefits by promoting crop yield increase, and the pesticides with the characteristics can be accepted by farmers more easily. By evaluating the three functional characteristics of the pesticide, the method can provide practical guidance for the grower to select the pesticide, so that the grower can more easily accept scientific purchase and use of the pesticide, the resource and environmental problems caused by blind pesticide application are reduced, and pesticide production enterprises can be promoted to make effects for improving the functional characteristics of the pesticide. However, at present, no standardized method is available for evaluating whether the pesticide has any one or more of the above three functional characteristics, so a simple and easy method capable of accurately quantitatively evaluating the functional characteristics of the pesticide is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for evaluating the functions and the characteristics of the pesticide can accurately and quantitatively evaluate whether the pesticide has the functional characteristics of preventing protection, treating and improving plant health, and has the advantages of simple operation process and strong practicability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for quantitatively evaluating the function and characteristics of a pesticide, comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting corresponding crop varieties according to the acting objects of the pesticide to be evaluated;
(2) Preparing corresponding disease inoculums for standby according to the control objects of the pesticide to be evaluated;
(3) Three different environmental conditions were set for the field test:
environmental condition I: firstly inoculating diseases and then applying medicines to investigate the treatment effect of the medicines;
environmental condition II: firstly, applying drugs and then inoculating diseases to investigate the preventive protection effect of the drugs;
environmental condition III: only the application of the pesticide does not inoculate diseases, namely under natural conditions, the effect of the pesticide on improving the plant health is investigated;
(4) Application and disease inoculation treatment: applying the pesticide to be evaluated to target crops in the critical period of medicament control according to the method in the pesticide use instruction; according to the recommended application period of the pesticide to be evaluated, all the test cells apply the pesticide in the same period;
(5) Data investigation and recording: selecting a proper period to conduct disease grading investigation and yield investigation according to target crops and disease control objects;
(6) Calculating indexes of disease indexes, control effects and crop yield change rates according to disease grading investigation and yield investigation data;
(7) And (3) according to the analysis result obtained in the step (6), carrying out statistical analysis on the disease index and the yield trait through analysis of variance and multiple comparison, and quantitatively evaluating the functions and the characteristics of the pesticide.
The crop variety corresponding to the step (1) is suitable for representing moderate or infected disease to be controlled by the pesticide.
The preparation treatment and the clear water comparison are set under the three environmental conditions in the step (3); the design of the test community refers to the standard of the drug effect registration test of the crops, and each treatment is repeated for at least 3 times, and sowing and harvesting are carried out according to the local cultivation habit of the test crops.
Said step (3) environmental condition I: firstly, inoculating diseases and then applying medicines, and inoculating the diseases 7-10 days before applying medicines;
environmental condition II: the disease is inoculated after the drug is applied, and the disease is inoculated 7-10 days after the drug is applied.
The disease grading investigation method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: referring to the disease classification investigation method reported by national standards or references, the disease classification investigation is carried out and recorded in the disease investigation period reported by national standards or references.
The yield investigation method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: and in the harvest period of the target crops, selecting the middle row of the test plot for harvesting according to the harvest yield measurement standard of the crop area test, measuring the harvest area, the weight of the actual harvest products and the moisture, and converting the hectare yield of the crops.
The calculating method of the disease index, the prevention effect and the crop yield change rate in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
disease index = Σ (grade x number of plants at the grade)/(highest grade x total number of investigation) ×100;
control (%) = (control area disease index-control area disease index)/control area disease index x 100;
yield change rate (%) = (control zone yield-control zone yield)/control zone yield×100.
The statistical analysis method in the step (7) comprises the following steps:
if the disease index of the medicament under the environmental condition I is obviously lower than that of the contrast, judging that the medicament has the treatment characteristic;
if the disease index of the medicament under the environmental condition II is obviously lower than that of the contrast, judging that the medicament has the 'preventing' characteristic;
if the yield of the test cell is significantly increased compared with the control after the agent to be evaluated is applied under the environmental condition III, the agent is considered to have the functional characteristic of improving plant health; conversely, if the test cell yield is not significantly increased after the agent to be evaluated is applied under environmental condition III compared to the control, then the agent is considered to have no functional property of "improving plant health";
if the index of the disease of the medicament to be evaluated under the environmental condition I and the environmental condition II is obviously lower than that of the comparison, and the yield of the medicament in a test cell under the environmental condition III is obviously increased compared with that of the comparison, the medicament is considered to have the multiple functional characteristics of 'treatment', 'prevention' and 'improvement of plant health'.
The invention has the positive beneficial effects that:
firstly, the functional characteristics of pesticide agents are judged and classified in practicality, the application period guidance is given according to different categories, the agents with the 'treatment' characteristics are suitable for the initial stage of disease occurrence, the agents with the 'prevention and protection' characteristics are suitable for the period before disease occurrence, and the agents with the two characteristics are suitable for the period before and after disease occurrence; the agent with the characteristic of improving plant health can obviously promote the yield increase of crops and is more suitable for the demands of farmers.
And secondly, the invention can quantitatively evaluate the medicament application effect by using a set of standard operation, and statistically analyze the quantized data, and further evaluate the functional characteristics of the medicament according to the analysis result of the data, wherein the evaluation standard is attached to the actual demands of farmers, and the evaluation result is more accurate and reliable based on real test data.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1A method of evaluating the function and Properties of several bactericides against corn leaf spot
In 2018, 6 months to 10 months, 6 bactericides (table 1) are evaluated in a crop variety area test station of the city of Qinghai, yanghai and Xia-cast corn area in Henan Dage, china.
TABLE 1 Bactericide to be evaluated
(1) The maize variety Yu 335 is selected for main cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and has high resistance to stem rot, medium resistance to smut and curvularia leaf spot, small-spot and large-spot.
(2) Selecting corn small spot pathogenic bacteria (bipolaris maydis) strain stored in the laboratory, wherein the strain is ACCC38950 in China center for agricultural microorganism strain preservation management, and performing clean water elution after sorghum grain propagation to prepare the corn small spot pathogenic bacteria with concentration of about 2×10 5 individual/mL spore suspensions were prepared for artificial spray inoculation of disease.
(3) Three different environmental conditions were set in the field: environmental condition I: firstly inoculating diseases and then applying medicines to investigate the treatment effect of the medicines; environmental condition II: firstly, applying drugs and then inoculating diseases to investigate the protective and preventive effects of the drugs; environmental condition III: the application of the drug alone did not seed the disease, i.e., under natural conditions, to investigate the effect of the drug on improving plant health.
6 treatments with the agent and the clear water control were set for each environmental condition, 7 treatments were total, three replicates (table 1), 21 test cells total, 63 test cells total under three environmental conditions. Area of test cell 24m 2 Row length 8m, row spacing 0.6m,5 row area, completely random block design. Manual sowing is performed on the 6 th and 2 th days of 2019, the sowing density is 67500 plants/hectare, and harvesting is performed on the 10 th and 3 th days. The dosage and the dosage of the field application are all referred to the dosage recommended by the instruction (table 1), about 600L of clean water is added per hectare, and the backpack electric sprayer is used for foliage spraying before and after the corn large horn mouth period. When different medicaments are applied in the field, the sprayer is cleaned for 3 times by clean water before use.
(4) Application and disease inoculation treatment:
environmental condition I: inoculating three granules of corn 11-12 leaves for disease 7 months and 10 days, and spraying after 7 days (7 months and 17 days, 13-14 leaves);
environmental condition II: spray-applying three granules of the plant on day 7 and day 17, and inoculating the plant with disease (15-16 leaves) on day 7 and day 25;
environmental condition III: spray application was performed on three granules of 7 months and 17 days.
(5) Data investigation and recording: the disease investigation of corn small spot is carried out by referring to the method of national standard NY/T1248.10-2016, and the detailed investigation method is as follows:
investigation was performed at the later stage of corn maturation into milk. The disease status of each identified material population was visually examined. The investigation major parts are upper leaves and lower 3 leaves of corn ears, and according to disease symptom description, the disease grade is investigated and recorded by materials. Disease resistance was assessed at the group morbidity level, with disease levels 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 corresponding to high, medium, feeling, and high. The classification of the disease level is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 classification of disease grade for identifying anti-small spot disease in corn
| Grade of illness | Description of symptoms |
| 1 | The leaf has no disease spots or has sporadic disease spots on the leaf below the ear, and the disease spots occupy less than or equal to 5 percent of the leaf area |
| 3 | A small amount of disease spots are arranged on the leaves at the lower part of the spike position, the leaf area is 6 to 10 percent, and the leaves at the upper part of the spike position are provided with sporadic disease spots |
| 5 | The leaf at the lower part of the ear has more disease spots and occupies 11 to 30 percent of leaf area, and the leaf at the upper part of the ear has a small amount of disease spots |
| 7 | The leaf at the lower part of the ear position or the leaf at the upper part of the ear position has a plurality of disease spots which are connected and occupy 31 to 70 percent of the leaf area |
| 9 | The whole plant of the leaf is basically covered by the disease spots and the leaf is dead |
The harvest and production method of the test cell comprises the following steps: for 10 months and 3 days, 3 rows of the middle of each test cell are selected for harvesting (the harvesting area is 14.4m 2 ) Threshing is directly carried out after harvesting, the weight and moisture of the seeds collected in each test plot are measured, and the hectare yield is converted according to the water content of 14%.
(5) Calculating disease index and control effect according to the survey grading data of the corn small spot disease:
disease index = Σ (disease grade x number of plants at the grade)/(highest grade x total number of investigation) ×100
Control effect (%) = (control area disease index-control area disease index)/control area disease index x 100
Yield change rate ±ck (%) = (control zone yield-control zone yield)/control zone yield×100
The disease index and the yield property are subjected to normal examination and conform to normal distribution, so that the data analysis adopts GLM program in SAS 9.2 statistical software to carry out variance analysis and multiple comparison.
(7) The functions and the characteristics of the 6 bactericides are evaluated according to the calculation result, and the process is as follows:
TABLE 3 analysis of variance of disease index under different environmental conditions
Note that: i, II, III in Table 3 represent 3 environmental conditions I, II, III, respectively, and tables 4, 5, 6 below are the same. * Representing significant differences between treatments, representing very significant differences between treatments, are the same as in table 5 below.
TABLE 4 multiple comparisons of disease indices between different treatments under different environmental conditions and control effects
Note that: the same column of data in table 4 is followed by the same lowercase letter indicating that the difference is not significant, whereas the different lowercase letters indicating that the difference is significant (P < 0.05) is the same as in table 6 below.
Analysis of variance of disease index in 3 environments showed that: the difference between treatments is obvious (P < 0.05) under the environmental conditions of inoculation of diseases and drug application; the differences between treatments were very significant (P < 0.01) between the disease and the natural environmental conditions after the drug administration (table 3). The results of multiple comparative analyses show that under the condition of the drug application environment after the prior inoculation of diseases, the disease incidence of the control is 7 and 9, the disease index is about 60.0 when the treatment is carried out by 76.6,6 agents, and the disease index is obviously different from the control (P is less than 0.05) (Table 4), but the difference among 6 agents is not obvious, and compared with the control, the prevention effect is between 18.2 and 25.5 percent, and the treatment effect on leaf spot disease is general. Under the environmental condition of first drug application and then inoculation, the disease incidence of the control is also at most 7 and 9, the disease index is 82.9,6, the disease index of the treatment by the drug is between 50.4 and 64.5, the disease index is obviously different from that of the control (P is less than 0.05) (Table 4), the difference among 6 drugs is not obvious, and the control effect is between 21.1 and 37.2 percent. Of the 6 medicaments, 18.7 percent of propiconazole and azoxystrobin, 30 percent of mancozeb and 23 percent of kresoxim-methyl have higher control effect on leaf spot disease under the condition of inoculation after prior administration, which proves that the 3 medicaments have better preventive and protective effects.
TABLE 5 analysis of variance of yield under different environmental conditions
TABLE 6 multiple comparisons of throughput between different treatments under different environmental conditions and throughput rates
Analysis of variance of yield traits under different environmental conditions shows that: the differences between treatments were insignificant under natural environmental conditions (P > 0.05), and very significant differences between treatments were apparent under the environmental conditions of both seed diseases (P < 0.01) (table 5). The multiple comparison results show that: the yields of each of the application treatments were higher than the control (Table 6) under the three environmental conditions, indicating that the agents selected for this study had a yield increasing effect on the yields. Under natural environment conditions, the yield increase of the drug application treatment is between 4.4% and 24.2%, and the yield increase of the other 4 treatments and the control is not obvious except that the yield increase of 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin and 75% trifloxystrobin tebuconazole is obviously higher than that of the control (Table 6). It is explained that 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin and 75% trifloxystrobin tebuconazole have functional properties that improve plant health.
In summary, of the 6 agents to be evaluated, 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin has both the functional characteristics of "prevention and protection" and "improvement of plant health", and also has certain "treatment" functional characteristics, but the action and effect are general; 30% mancozeb and 23% kresoxim-methyl epoxiconazole have the function characteristics of 'prevention and protection', and also have certain 'treatment' function characteristics, but the action and effect are general; 75% of trifloxystrobin tebuconazole has the functional characteristics of improving plant health, and also has certain functional characteristics of treatment and prevention, but has general action and effect; 30% of benzopropiconazole and 12.5% of diniconazole have certain 'preventive protection' and 'therapeutic' functional characteristics but have general action and effect.
Claims (3)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the function and characteristics of a pesticide, comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting corresponding crop varieties according to the acting objects of the pesticide to be evaluated;
(2) Preparing corresponding disease inoculums for standby according to the control objects of the pesticide to be evaluated;
(3) Three different environmental conditions were set for the field test:
environmental condition I: firstly, inoculating the disease, and then, applying the drug, wherein the disease is inoculated 7-10 days before the drug application so as to investigate the treatment effect of the drug;
environmental condition II: firstly, applying the pesticide and then inoculating the disease, and inoculating the disease 7-10 days after the pesticide application so as to investigate the preventive and protective effects of the pesticide;
environmental condition III: only the application of the pesticide does not inoculate diseases, namely under natural conditions, the effect of the pesticide on improving the plant health is investigated;
(4) Application and disease inoculation treatment: applying the pesticide to be evaluated to target crops in the critical period of medicament control according to the method in the pesticide use instruction; according to the recommended application period of the pesticide to be evaluated, all the test cells apply the pesticide in the same period;
(5) Data investigation and recording: selecting a proper period to conduct disease grading investigation and yield investigation according to target crops and disease control objects;
the yield investigation method comprises the following steps: in the harvest period of the target crops, referring to the harvest yield measurement standard of the crop area test, selecting the middle row of the test area for harvest, measuring the harvest area, the weight of the actual harvest products and the moisture, and converting the hectare yield of the crops;
(6) Calculating indexes of disease indexes, control effects and crop yield change rates according to disease grading investigation and yield investigation data;
(7) According to the analysis result obtained in the step (6), carrying out statistical analysis on the disease index and the yield trait through analysis of variance and multiple comparison, and quantitatively evaluating the functions and the characteristics of the pesticide;
the statistical analysis method comprises the following steps:
if the disease index of the medicament under the environmental condition I is obviously lower than that of the contrast, judging that the medicament has the treatment characteristic;
if the disease index of the medicament under the environmental condition II is obviously lower than that of the contrast, judging that the medicament has the 'preventing' characteristic;
if the yield of the test cell is significantly increased compared with the control after the agent to be evaluated is applied under the environmental condition III, the agent is considered to have the functional characteristic of improving plant health; conversely, if the test cell yield is not significantly increased after the agent to be evaluated is applied under environmental condition III compared to the control, then the agent is considered to have no functional property of "improving plant health";
if the disease index of the medicament to be evaluated under the environmental condition I and the environmental condition II is obviously lower than that of the contrast, and the yield of a test cell of the medicament under the environmental condition III is obviously increased compared with that of the contrast, the medicament is considered to have the multiple functional characteristics of 'treatment', 'prevention' and 'improvement of plant health';
the preparation treatment and the clear water comparison are set under the three environmental conditions in the step (3); the design of the test community refers to the standard of the drug effect registration test of the crops, and each treatment is repeated for at least 3 times, and sowing and harvesting are carried out according to the local cultivation habit of the test crops;
the calculating method of the disease index, the prevention effect and the crop yield change rate in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
disease index = Σ (disease grade x number of plants)/(highest grade x total number of investigation) ×100;
control (%) = (control area disease index-control area disease index)/control area disease index x 100;
yield change rate (%) = (control zone yield-control zone yield)/control zone yield×100.
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the function and the characteristics of a pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the crop variety corresponding to the step (1) is preferably a disease to be controlled by the pesticide which is manifested as a moderate or infected disease.
3. The method for quantitatively evaluating functions and characteristics of pesticides according to claim 1, wherein the method for classifying and investigating the diseases in the step (5) comprises the following steps: referring to the disease classification investigation method reported by national standards or references, the disease classification investigation is carried out and recorded in the disease investigation period reported by national standards or references.
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