CN111307278A - Method for measuring and calculating vibration acoustic power of extra-high voltage transformer - Google Patents
Method for measuring and calculating vibration acoustic power of extra-high voltage transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for measuring and calculating vibration sound power of an extra-high voltage transformer based on main vibration point positioning comprises the steps of firstly, uniformly distributing points on the surface of an extra-high voltage transformer box body to measure vibration speed and calculate vibration speed level, and roughly positioning a main vibration area; secondly, measuring the vibration speed at the encrypted measuring point in the main vibration area, and positioning a main vibration point; secondly, non-uniformly distributing points to measure the surface vibration speed of the transformer and calculating the average vibration speed level and radiation factor; and finally, calculating the vibration sound power of the ultra-high voltage transformer according to the average vibration speed and the radiation factor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of a transformer, in particular to a method for measuring and calculating the acoustic power of an extra-high voltage transformer based on main vibration point positioning.
Background
With the rapid development of the ultrahigh voltage alternating current transmission and transformation project in China, the noise problem of the ultrahigh voltage transmission line and the transformer substation is increasingly highlighted. The transformer is one of the main noise sources of the transformer substation, and the vibration noise control technology of the transformer becomes a hot spot problem. Accurate calculation of the sound power of the transformer and accurate control of the sound source characteristics are the prerequisites for developing noise control technology.
The currently developed work for measuring and calculating the acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer is mostly based on the 10 th part of the GB/T1094.10-2003 power transformer in the national standard: sound level measurement "flow of the sound pressure method and sound intensity method. In view of the complexity of extra-high voltage main transformer equipment and accessories thereof and the particularity of the installation environment of the main transformer, the measurement results of the sound pressure method and the sound intensity method also have great difference. The sound pressure method and the sound intensity method are difficult to separate the noise of the transformer body and the noise of the fan. The vibration method can obtain the body vibration sound power by utilizing the coupling relation between the surface vibration speed and the sound pressure of the transformer, and is suitable for occasions with high background noise and large environmental influence, such as an extra-high voltage transformer substation. The existing literature provides an ultra-high voltage transformer acoustic power field measurement method based on body vibration velocity and fan sound pressure measurement, and proves that an acoustic pressure method or a vibration method is more suitable for measuring and calculating the ultra-high voltage transformer acoustic power, but a specific vibration measurement point arrangement method is not given.
In the aspect of measuring and evaluating the vibration noise of the online operated extra-high voltage transformer body, the standard is not formed at home and abroad. The existing vibration measurement point distribution mode generally determines the number of measurement points in the length and width directions according to the length and width dimensions of the oil tank wall and the reinforcing ribs. Although there is a document that, when vibration measurement is performed, it is guaranteed that the maximum vibration amount of each unit can be measured, a method of acquiring the position of the maximum vibration point is not given. For large power transformers, the surface area of the tank is large. During measurement, if the unit area is too small, the number of measurement points is too large, and the test efficiency is influenced. If the unit area is large, the test points in the unit have different selected positions, and the test results have larger difference. The method is similar to a uniform point distribution mode, main vibration points are easy to omit, the calculated vibration speed level average value is low, and the sound power level value is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing method, the invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the vibration sound power of an extra-high voltage transformer based on main vibration point positioning.
The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer based on the main vibration point positioning mainly comprises the following steps:
uniformly distributing points to measure vibration speed and vibration speed level, and roughly positioning a main vibration area;
vibration measuring points are uniformly distributed on the surface of the transformer box body, acceleration sensors are distributed on the vibration measuring points, the vibration speed of the surface of the transformer box body is measured, and the vibration speed level is calculated. The vibration measurement points are uniformly distributed, the same vibration measurement point is repeatedly measured, and the position deviation does not exceed 5cm during multiple measurements. And drawing a vibration speed level cloud picture according to the measured vibration speed level data, and extracting a main vibration area with stronger vibration on the surface of the transformer box body.
Step two, carrying out encryption measurement on the measurement points of the main vibration area, and positioning a main vibration point;
and C, encrypting the vibration measurement points among the measurement points of the main vibration area obtained in the step I by an interpolation method to perform fine measurement, drawing a vibration velocity class cloud picture of the main vibration area, and gradually reducing the range of the main vibration area according to the vibration velocity class cloud picture until the vibration velocity class contour line of the main vibration area is approximately circularly diffused. And a small area near the center of the vibration speed level isoline is a main vibration point. The main vibration point is located inside the main vibration area, and is a small area which vibrates strongly relative to the surrounding area, and the number of the main vibration point can be one or more.
Measuring the vibration speed and the vibration speed level of the non-uniform vibration measuring point, and calculating the average value of the vibration speed;
in the positioning process of the main vibration point in the second step, the vibration measuring points of the main vibration area containing the main vibration point are encrypted, and the vibration measuring points of the non-main vibration area keep the arrangement position in the first step unchanged. The vibration measuring points on the surface of the transformer are integrally distributed in a non-uniform mode, namely the vibration measuring points near the main vibration point are dense, and the vibration measuring points far away from the main vibration point are loose.
Average vibration velocity level when vibration measurement points are uniformly distributed
Comprises the following steps:
wherein N represents the total number of vibration measurement points, LviThe vibration speed level measured by the acceleration sensor at the ith measuring point is shown, and i represents the serial number of the measuring point.
Vibration measuring pointAverage vibration velocity level when unevenly distributed
Comprises the following steps:
wherein N represents the total number of vibration measurement points, SaFor measuring area, LviRepresenting the vibration speed level, S, measured by the ith microphoneaiThe area of the division of the position of the ith microphone is shown, and i represents the serial number of the measuring point.
Step four, calculating the radiation factor of the non-uniform measurement points;
under the stable working state of the transformer, the vibration sound power and the vibration speed satisfy the following relation:
W＝ρcSav2σ (3)
where v is the effective mean square value of the vibration velocity on the measurement plane, SaTo measure the area, σ is the radiance factor, ρ c is the air characteristic impedance, and W is the vibrational acoustic power.
The vibration acoustic power density, i.e. the acoustic intensity I, can be expressed as:
I＝W/Sa(4)
the relation between sound intensity I and sound pressure p is expressed as I ═ p2And/(. rho.c) is substituted for equations (3) and (4), and the radiance factor σ is obtained as:
where p is sound pressure, v is effective mean square value of vibration velocity on the measurement plane, and ρ c is air characteristic impedance.
The frequency domain radiance factor σ (ω) may be expressed as:
where P is sound pressure, v is effective mean square value of vibration velocity on the measurement plane, ρ c is air characteristic impedance, and P (ω) is frequencyThe frequency domain average sound pressure, V (ω) is the frequency domain average vibration velocity. Frequency response function H of frequency domain sound pressure and frequency domain vibration velocity of any measurement point on surface of extra-high voltage transformer box bodyi(ω) is:
Hi(ω)＝Pi(ω)/Vi(ω) (7)
in the formula, Pi(ω) is the sound pressure in the frequency domain, V, at the ith vibration measurement pointi(ω) is the frequency domain vibration velocity at the i-th vibration measurement point.
Obtaining an average frequency response function H (omega) by solving root mean square values of frequency response functions of all measurement points on each surface of the transformer box body:
wherein P (omega) is the average sound pressure in frequency domain, V (omega) is the average vibration speed in frequency domain, Hi(omega) is a frequency response function of the sound pressure and the vibration speed of the frequency domain, and N represents the total number of vibration measurement points;
the radiation factor at different frequencies can be obtained by substituting formula (8) for formula (6).
The radiation factors of the extra-high voltage transformers are different due to different frequencies, and the ability of radiating acoustic power to the surrounding space is different. And selecting a plurality of frequency points which greatly contribute to the sound power according to the actual measurement result to calculate the radiation factor.
The noise frequency of the extra-high voltage transformer is mainly the frequency multiplication within 1000Hz and 100 Hz. The low-frequency noise of the extra-high voltage transformer is mainly caused by the body vibration with the same frequency, and the noise and the vibration have higher correlation. According to the formula (6) and the formula (8), the calculation of the frequency domain radiation factor depends on the sound-vibration coupling relation, namely the ratio of the sound pressure to the vibration speed under different frequencies. And step three, the vibration measurement point non-uniform measurement result comprises vibration speed level data of the main vibration point. The vibration noise of the main vibration point can reflect the characteristics of the body, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the accuracy of radiation factor calculation is improved.
Step five, calculating the vibration sound power level
The vibration sound power level of the extra-high voltage transformer is calculated through the vibration speed level and the radiation factor of the surface of the transformer box body. And obtaining radiation factors of the extra-high voltage transformer at different frequencies according to the step four, and calculating the vibration sound power level according to the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (6).
In the formula, σ01 is the reference radiation factor, (ρ c)0Is the air reference characteristic impedance (ρ c)0＝400kg/m2·s，
For the average vibration speed level when the vibration measuring points are not uniformly distributed, SaFor measuring area, S0Is a reference area, S0＝1m2σ is the radiance factor and ρ c is the air characteristic impedance.
The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer based on the main vibration point positioning has two remarkable advantages: on one hand, the measured data of the method comprises the main vibration point data of the surface of the transformer box body, so that the problem that the sound power value is low when the point is measured and calculated in a uniform point distribution mode can be solved; on the other hand, the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration noise signal of the main vibration point is high, and the accuracy of the coupling calculation of the vibration and the noise of the transformer body can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring and calculating vibration acoustic power of an extra-high voltage transformer according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vibration measurement points on the surface of the transformer being uniformly arranged;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating non-uniform arrangement of vibration measurement points on the surface of a transformer;
FIG. 4 is a contour diagram of vibration velocity levels of a certain main vibration point on the surface of a transformer tank;
in the figure: 1 uniform vibration measuring point, 2 transformer box surface, 3 encrypted vibration measuring point, 4 main vibration point and 5 main vibration area.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The flow of the method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer is shown in figure 1:
uniformly distributing points to measure vibration speed and vibration speed level, and roughly positioning a main vibration area;
as shown in fig. 2, an acceleration sensor is disposed at a uniform vibration measuring point 1 on the surface of the transformer tank, and the vibration velocity is measured and the vibration velocity level is calculated. The vibration frequency of the extra-high voltage transformer body is concentrated on 100Hz and the frequency multiplication thereof, and the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of 100Hz is 3.4 m. The layout spacing of the vibration measurement points is less than 1/6 of the wavelength of the primary vibration. The invention selects the distance between the measuring points to be less than 0.57 m. And repeatedly measuring the same vibration measuring point, wherein the position deviation of the same vibration measuring point is not more than 5cm when the same vibration measuring point is measured for multiple times. And drawing a cloud picture of the vibration speed level of the surface of the transformer box body according to the measured vibration speed level data, and roughly positioning a main vibration area.
Step two, carrying out encryption measurement on the measurement points of the main vibration area, and positioning a main vibration point;
as shown in fig. 3, encrypted vibration measurement points 3 are added by an interpolation method between the uniform vibration measurement points 1 of the main vibration region 5 described in the first step, and the measurement is gradually and finely performed. And drawing a vibration velocity class cloud picture of the main vibration region 5, and gradually reducing the range of the main vibration region according to the vibration velocity class cloud picture until the vibration velocity class contour line of the main vibration region 5 is approximately circularly diffused, as shown in fig. 4. The small area near the center of the contour line is the main vibration point 4. The main vibration point 4 is a small region vibrating strongly with respect to its surrounding region inside the main vibration region 5, and the number may be one or more.
Measuring the vibration speed and the vibration speed level of the non-uniform vibration measurement points, and calculating the average value of the vibration speed;
in the positioning process of the main vibration point in the step two, the vibration measuring points of the main vibration area 5 containing the main vibration point 4 are encrypted, and the vibration measuring points of the non-main vibration area keep the arrangement position in the step one unchanged. The vibration measuring points on the surface of the transformer are integrally distributed in a non-uniform mode, namely the vibration measuring points near the main vibration point 4 are dense, and the vibration measuring points far away from the main vibration point are loose.
When the vibration measurement points are uniformly distributed, the average vibration speed level is as follows:
when vibration measurement points are not uniformly distributed, the average vibration speed level is
In the formula, N represents the total number of measurement points,
representing the vibration velocity level measured by the ith vibration acceleration sensor, SaiAnd the area divided by the position of the ith vibration acceleration sensor is shown.
Under the test conditions of the embodiment, the average vibration speed level of the surface of the transformer box body measured by uniform point distribution is 81.3dB, and the average vibration speed level of the surface of the transformer box body measured by non-uniform point distribution is 82.4 dB. The measurement result of the vibration speed level of the uniform point distribution is lower than that of the non-uniform point distribution.
Step four, calculating the radiation factor of the non-uniform measurement points;
the non-uniformity measurement of step three contains data of the dominant vibration point 4. The vibration noise signal of the master vibration point 4 can reflect the characteristics of the body better, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the accuracy of the sound vibration coupling analysis is improved. The noise frequency of the extra-high voltage transformer is mainly the frequency multiplication within 1000Hz and 100 Hz. The low-frequency noise of the extra-high voltage transformer is mainly caused by the body vibration with the same frequency, and the noise and the vibration have higher correlation.
Under the stable working state of the transformer, the vibration sound power and the vibration speed satisfy the following relation:
W＝ρcSav2σ (3)
wherein W is the vibration sound power, v is the effective mean square value of the vibration velocity on the measuring surface, SaIn order to measure the area of the wafer,σ is the radiance factor and ρ c is the air characteristic impedance.
The vibro-acoustic power density can be expressed as:
I＝W/Sa(4)
the relation between sound intensity I and sound pressure p is expressed as I ═ p2V (ρ c) is substituted for equations (3) and (4) to give an radiance factor σ of:
the radiance factor σ (ω) at different frequencies is:
frequency response function H of sound pressure and vibration speed of different measurement points on surface of extra-high voltage transformeri(ω) is:
Hi(ω)＝Pi(ω)/Vi(ω) (7)
obtaining an average frequency response function H (omega) by solving root mean square values of frequency response functions of all measurement points on each surface:
formula (8) substitutes formula (6) to obtain radiation factors at different frequencies.
The ultra-high voltage transformer has different radiation index factors due to different frequencies, and the capability of radiating acoustic power to the surrounding space is different. In this embodiment, the radiation factors are calculated by selecting frequency points of 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, 800Hz, and 1000Hz according to actual measurement results.
Step five, calculating vibration sound power;
the radiated acoustic power of the transformer is characterized by the vibration speed and radiation factor of the tank surface. After the radiation factors of the extra-high voltage transformer at different frequencies are obtained according to the fourth step, the vibration sound power can be calculated according to the formulas (2), (3) and (6)
In the formula, σ01 is the reference radiation factor,
for the average vibration speed level when the vibration measuring points are not uniformly distributed, SaFor measuring area, S0Is a reference area, S0＝1m2，(ρc)0＝400kg/m2S is the air reference characteristic impedance.
The vibrational sound power level may be expressed as
LW＝10lg(W/W0) (10)
In the formula, W0＝1×10-12W is the reference acoustic power.
In this embodiment, the sound power level obtained by the uniform point distribution measurement is 100dB, and the sound power level obtained by the non-uniform point distribution measurement is 100.7 dB. The sound power level measured by the uniform point distribution mode is lower than that measured by the non-uniform point distribution mode. The sound power level obtained by non-uniform point distribution measurement and calculation and the measurement result obtained by a sound pressure method have higher goodness of fit. Therefore, the extra-high voltage transformer vibration sound power measuring and calculating method based on main vibration point positioning can solve the problem that the sound power value measured and calculated in a uniform point distribution mode is low.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring and calculating vibration sound power of an extra-high voltage transformer based on main vibration point positioning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly distributing points, measuring vibration speed and vibration speed level, and roughly positioning a main vibration area;
step two, carrying out encryption measurement on the measurement points of the main vibration area, and positioning a main vibration point;
measuring the vibration speed and the vibration speed level of the non-uniform vibration measuring point, and calculating the average value of the vibration speed;
step four, calculating the radiation factor of the non-uniform measurement points;
and step five, calculating the vibration sound power level.
2. The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, vibration measuring points are uniformly arranged on the surface of the transformer box body, an acceleration sensor is arranged at the vibration measuring points, the vibration speed of the surface of the transformer box body is measured, and the vibration speed level is calculated; the vibration measuring points are uniformly distributed, the same vibration measuring point is repeatedly measured, and the position deviation does not exceed 5cm during multiple measurements; and drawing a cloud picture of the vibration speed level of the whole area according to the measured vibration speed level data, and extracting a main vibration area with stronger vibration on the surface of the transformer box body.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the vibration measurement points are encrypted by an interpolation method to perform fine measurement between the measurement points in the main vibration region in the first step, a cloud picture of vibration velocity levels of the main vibration region is drawn, and the range of the main vibration region is gradually reduced according to the cloud picture of vibration velocity levels until the contour line of the vibration velocity levels of the main vibration region is approximately circularly diffused; a small area near the circle center of the vibration speed level isoline is a main vibration point; the main vibration point is located in the main vibration area, is a small area which vibrates strongly relative to the surrounding area, and the number of the main vibration point is one or more.
4. The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of an extra-high voltage transformer according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, in the positioning process of the main vibration point in the second step, the vibration measurement points of the main vibration area including the main vibration point are encrypted, and the vibration measurement points of the non-main vibration area are kept unchanged at the position laid in the first step; the vibration measuring points on the surface of the transformer are integrally distributed in a non-uniform mode, namely the vibration measuring points near the main vibration point are dense, and the vibration measuring points far away from the main vibration point are loose;
when the vibration measurement points are uniformly distributed, the average vibration speed level is as follows:
wherein N represents the total number of vibration measurement points, LviRepresenting the vibration speed level, S, measured by the ith microphoneaiThe area of the division of the position where the ith microphone is located is represented, and i represents the serial number of the measuring point;
when vibration measuring points are not uniformly distributed, the average vibration speed level is as follows:
wherein N represents the total number of vibration measurement points, SaFor measuring area, LviRepresenting the vibration speed level, S, measured by the ith microphoneaiThe area of the division of the position of the ith microphone is shown, and i represents the serial number of the measuring point.
5. The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the radiation factor of the non-uniform measurement points in the fourth step is as follows;
under the stable working state of the transformer, the vibration sound power and the vibration speed satisfy the following relation:
W＝ρcSav2σ (3)
where v is the effective mean square value of the vibration velocity on the measurement plane, SaFor measuring the area, sigma is a radiation factor, rho c is air characteristic impedance, and W is vibration sound power;
the vibration acoustic power density, i.e. the acoustic intensity I, is expressed as:
I＝W/Sa(4)
the relation between sound intensity I and sound pressure p is expressed as I ═ p2V (ρ c) is substituted for equations (3) and (4) to give an radiance factor σ of:
in the formula, p is sound pressure, v is an effective mean square value of the vibration velocity on a measuring surface, and rho c is air characteristic impedance;
the frequency domain radiance factor σ (ω) is expressed as:
in the formula, P is sound pressure, V is an effective mean square value of the vibration speed on a measuring surface, ρ c is air characteristic impedance, P (ω) is frequency domain average sound pressure, and V (ω) is frequency domain average vibration speed;
frequency response function H of frequency domain sound pressure and frequency domain vibration velocity of any measurement point on surface of extra-high voltage transformeri(ω) is:
Hi(ω)＝Pi(ω)/Vi(ω) (7)
in the formula, Pi(ω) is the sound pressure in the frequency domain, V, at the ith vibration measurement pointi(ω) is the frequency domain vibration velocity at the ith vibration measurement point;
obtaining an average frequency response function H (omega) by solving root mean square values of frequency response functions of all measurement points on each surface:
formula (8) substitutes formula (6) to obtain radiation factors at different frequencies.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the vibration acoustic power of the extra-high voltage transformer according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the vibration acoustic power level in the fifth step is as follows:
calculating the vibration sound power level of the extra-high voltage transformer through the vibration speed level and the radiation factor of the surface of the box body; obtaining radiation factors of the extra-high voltage transformer at different frequencies according to the step four, and calculating vibration sound power levels according to the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (6):
in the formula, σ01 is the reference radiation factor, S0Is a reference area, S0＝1m2，(ρc)0Is the air reference characteristic impedance (ρ c)0＝400kg/m2·s。
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Application publication date: 20200619 |