CN111305778B - Conveyer suitable for vertical well logging instrument is transferred and is retrieved - Google Patents

Conveyer suitable for vertical well logging instrument is transferred and is retrieved Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111305778B
CN111305778B CN202010196898.XA CN202010196898A CN111305778B CN 111305778 B CN111305778 B CN 111305778B CN 202010196898 A CN202010196898 A CN 202010196898A CN 111305778 B CN111305778 B CN 111305778B
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China
Prior art keywords
instrument
gas
fixed
cabin
block
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN202010196898.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111305778A (en
Inventor
杨义勇
姚奇
张应帅
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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Priority to CN202010196898.XA priority Critical patent/CN111305778B/en
Publication of CN111305778A publication Critical patent/CN111305778A/en
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Publication of CN111305778B publication Critical patent/CN111305778B/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/01—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells

Abstract

A conveyance apparatus suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument, comprising: the underground system comprises a derrick, a crown block, a base, a hoisting device, a lifting device, a power head, a feeding device and an orifice holder, wherein the crown block is fixed on the derrick, and the lifting device is arranged on the crown block and connected with the hoisting device through a steel wire rope; the feeding device is fixed on the derrick and is provided with a transmission mechanism which is connected with a driving mechanism; the power head is fixed with the derrick through a feeding device; the underground system comprises a supporting pipe, a flat bag, a fastening device and a logging node, wherein the supporting pipe is connected with the lifting device; the flat package is coupled with the supporting tube through a fastening device, and a cable data wire accommodating space and a fixing structure are arranged in the flat package; the logging node is provided with an instrument cabin and a logging instrument; the instrument cabin is fixed on the supporting tube; the cable and the data line of the logging instrument are gathered in the flat package and connected with a control device on the well. The invention integrates well drilling and well logging and can ensure that a well logging instrument can be safely and reliably placed and recovered in a vertical well.

Description

Conveyer suitable for vertical well logging instrument is transferred and is retrieved
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geophysical logging, in particular to a conveying device suitable for lowering and recovering a vertical well logging instrument.
Background
Geophysical logging technology has received increasing attention as an emerging technology, and vertical well logging has been rapidly developed in this situation. For knowing more accurate geological information, the geophysicist usually transfers the logging instrument to the assigned position in the pit, carries out real-time supervision to the geophysical information in the pit, meanwhile, because the cost of logging instrument is higher, often need retrieve to ground after accomplishing the logging work and carry out the reutilization, consequently, design a conveyer that is applicable to perpendicular well logging instrument and transfers and retrieve and have profound meaning.
Before geophysical logging is carried out, drilling work is firstly completed, in the prior art, the drilling work and the logging work are generally two mutually independent processes, namely, after the drilling work is finished, drilling equipment needs to be removed and replaced by equipment related to logging, and the replacement process not only increases the logging cost, but also consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, so that the logging efficiency is sharply reduced.
In-process of transferring and retrieving at the logging instrument, for the protection logging instrument does not damage because of striking the wall of a well, need add corresponding protection cabin for the logging instrument, in the prior art, place the logging instrument in a totally closed cabin mostly, fig. 16 is the totally closed cabin 063 that adopts usually among the prior art, this kind of cabin though can play certain guard action to logging instrument 050, however, this kind of cabin both ends do not have the helicitic texture, can not realize threaded connection with the stay tube, but realize its and the coupling of stay tube through fastener, this installation degree of difficulty that just causes the cabin increases, simultaneously, the totally closed structure in cabin also can make the sensor in the inside installation degree of difficulty grow in cabin, and totally closed metal cabin has shielding effect to electromagnetic signal in the pit, the monitoring of logging instrument to electromagnetic signal has been restricted. In addition, the cable and signal wires 055 of the logging instrument 050 disposed in the totally enclosed chamber 063 are disposed in the chamber via the wire distributor 064 and the wire collector, and the cable needs to be fixed by the fixing device 056, which makes the structure in the chamber messy. Furthermore, the logging instrument 050 is not sufficiently robust by being secured to the chamber walls only by the securing means. It follows that these drawbacks of the fully enclosed compartments not only increase the difficulty of installation for the technician, but also limit the use of some sensors for measuring electromagnetic signals.
In the well logging, for some measuring instruments such as geophones, if the measuring instruments are placed in an instrument cabin, vibration of an underground supporting tube can bring large noise to the measurement, and even can completely interfere monitoring of a target signal, and the application of the pushing device can push the well logging instrument against a well wall to eliminate interference of vibration to the measurement, so that the well logging precision of the instrument is improved, and the pushing device suitable for vertical well logging is designed to have profound meaning.
In current push device designs, the following problems generally exist: (1) the pushing device is not provided with a buffer device, so that the instrument in part of schemes is easy to be extruded and deformed after being attached to the well wall, and the instrument in other schemes cannot be ensured to be pushed against the well wall; (2) the pushing arm has poor flexibility, and the posture of the logging instrument cannot be adjusted according to the actual well wall working condition, so that the instrument cannot be tightly attached to the well wall; (3) the compatibility is poor, the pushing device can only work aiming at a specific logging instrument and cannot adapt to the pushing requirements of logging instruments of different types and shapes; (4) the practicality is relatively poor, and the present more pushing away device design scheme does not combine together with actual logging equipment or logging instrument, leads to pushing away to push away the device and can not be used for among the actual logging project.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a conveying device suitable for lowering and recovering a vertical well logging instrument, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and integration of drilling and logging, and can ensure that the logging instrument can be safely and reliably lowered and recovered in a vertical well.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a conveyer suitable for lowering and recovering vertical well logging instruments comprises an uphole system and a downhole system,
the aboveground system comprises a derrick, a crown block, a base, a winding device, a lifting device, a power head, a feeding device and an orifice holder, wherein,
the derrick, the orifice clamp and the hoisting device are all fixed with the base;
the crown block is fixed on the derrick,
the lifting device is arranged on the crown block and is connected with the hoisting device through a steel wire rope so as to rise and fall up and down through the hoisting device;
the feeding device is fixed on the derrick and comprises a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is connected with a driving mechanism;
the power head is fixed with the derrick through the feeding device; the feeding device provides power for the ascending and descending of the power head; the downhole system comprises a supporting tube, a flat bag, a fastening device and a logging node,
the supporting pipe is connected with the lifting device to realize the up-and-down movement of the supporting pipe in the shaft;
the flat bag is coupled with the supporting tube through a fastening device, and accommodating spaces and fixing structures of various cables and data lines are arranged in the flat bag;
the logging node comprises an instrument cabin and a logging instrument;
the instrument cabin is fixed on the supporting tube;
the logging instrument is installed in the cabin of instrument cabin, and the cable conductor and the data line of logging instrument assemble to the flat package in, are connected with the controlling means on the well then.
Preferably, in the above-well system, the derrick comprises an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is fixed with the base, the upper part is mounted on a slide way of the lower part, one end of the tower lifting device is connected with the base, the other end of the tower lifting device is connected with the upper part so that the derrick can rise and fall through the tower lifting device, and the lifting device, the power head and the feeding device are mounted on the upper part of the derrick.
In the above-ground system, specifically, the feeding device includes a vertical guide rail, the power head is disposed on the vertical guide rail of the feeding device in a vertically and/or horizontally movable manner, the driving device connected to the feeding device drives the power head to move up and down along the vertical rail of the feeding device, and the driving device disposed in the power head is connected to the power rotating head, so that the power head can rotate under a power supply state.
In the above-ground system, specifically, the driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism of the feeding device are hydraulic devices, and include an oil cylinder barrel, a piston and a piston rod, the power head is fixed with the oil cylinder barrel through a sliding plate, the piston and the piston rod form a double-layer structure, and the piston rod and the piston are integrated, the piston is arranged in the oil cylinder barrel to divide the inner cavity of the oil cylinder barrel into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, an inner cavity is arranged inside the piston, the piston rod is a tube body and is arranged in the piston in an isolated manner from the inner cavity of the piston, the upper tube opening of the piston rod is communicated with the upper cavity, the lower tube opening is connected with an oil path, the inner cavity of the piston is communicated with the; the piston rod and the piston are both fixed with the bottom of the derrick.
In the uphole system, in particular, the orifice holder comprises a bottom plate, two slips are arranged on the bottom plate in a manner of being capable of moving towards and away from each other in a sliding manner, opposite side surfaces of the two slips form clamping surfaces for cambered surfaces, the two slips are connected with a driving device, the minimum distance between the clamping surfaces of the two slips is matched with the pipe diameter of a supporting pipe so as to clamp the supporting pipe, and the maximum distance is matched with the outer contour size of the supporting pipe or matched with the outer contour size of an attached part on the supporting pipe so as to enable the supporting pipe to be lowered into a well through the orifice holder.
The instrument pod is typically larger in cross-section than the support tube.
In the aboveground system, the orifice clamp holder comprises a bottom plate, a side plate, a clamping block, a right slip, a left slip, an upper pin shaft, a lower pin shaft, a hydraulic cylinder and an ejector rod,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an orifice is arranged on the bottom plate and corresponds to the wellhead, and two parallel guide rail grooves are arranged on two sides of the orifice;
the two side plates are mutually parallel and are oppositely fixed outside the guide rail groove on the bottom plate;
the two clamping blocks are symmetrically arranged between the two side plates in a splayed manner and are positioned on two sides of the orifice, each clamping block is respectively arranged in the vertical long hole and the transverse long hole which are opposite on the two side plates through an upper pin shaft and a lower pin shaft, and one end of each of the two lower pin shafts is connected with a piston rod at two ends of the hydraulic cylinder;
the bottom of the right slip and the left slip is provided with a guide rail which is matched with a guide rail groove of the bottom plate, two symmetrical holes are arranged at the middle lower part of the right slip and the left slip and are matched with the ejector rods, namely, the rod body of the right ejector rod is penetrated in the hole of the right slip in an interference mode, the ejector rod block at one end of the right ejector rod abuts against the clamping block on the right side, the ejector rod block at the other end of the right ejector rod abuts against the left slip, the ejector rod head at the other end of the right ejector rod abuts against the left slip, similarly, the rod body of the left ejector rod is penetrated in the hole of the left slip in an interference mode, the ejector rod block at one end of the left ejector rod abuts against the left clamping block, the ejector rod head at.
In order to allow the bales secured to the support tube to also pass through the orifice holder, the maximum spacing between the slips is such that the bales secured to the support tube pass together for run-in and retrieval.
The rod body of the ejector rod, the ejector rod block and the ejector rod head are detachably connected; for example by means of a threaded connection.
In a downhole system, preferably, the logging node further comprises a thrusting device therein,
the pushing device comprises a driving device, a transmission mechanism and a fixing device, wherein the driving device is fixed on a supporting pipe, the fixing device is connected with the driving device through the transmission mechanism, a clamping fixing device is arranged on the fixing device to fix an instrument, and the transmission mechanism enables the instrument fixed on the fixing device to be pushed to a well wall and retracted through the driving device;
in downhole systems, logging instruments are classified into two types, one type being disposed in an instrument pod and the other type being clamped and fixed to a fixture of a sidewall device to be pushed against the borehole wall by a drive mechanism to perform a measurement operation and retracted beside a support tube.
The specific structure for the support tube may be: the two ends of the supporting pipes are respectively provided with internal and external threads, so that any two supporting pipes are screwed together by the power head and the feeding device through the internal and external threads.
The wireline of the logging tool in the tool bay may be arranged such that: a cable of the logging instrument penetrates through a through hole in the upper end of a cabin shell of the instrument cabin to be connected into the flat bag, and the flat bag is connected with a ground communication system, so that the state of the logging instrument is monitored in real time.
The cable on the instrument fixed to the pushing device is also connected into the flat bag.
In the downhole system, specifically, the support tube and the flat pack are coupled together through a fastening device, the fastening device comprises a key I, a key II and a key III, the key I and the key II are connected through bolts, the adjacent side surfaces of the key I and the key II are respectively provided with a recess, and a through clamping hole matched with the cross section of the support tube is formed after the key I and the key II are connected; the second key and the third key are connected through bolts, the adjacent side surfaces of the second key and the third key are respectively provided with a recess, and a through clamping hole matched with the cross section of the flat bag is formed after the second key and the third key are connected.
The instrument cabin comprises a single instrument cabin and/or a double instrument cabin, an opening is formed in the side wall of a cabin shell to form a semi-closed structure, instruments in the cabin are exposed outside, an instrument fixing device is arranged in the cabin and comprises a supporting device and a fastening device, the supporting device is fixed in the cabin and used for placing the instruments on the supporting device, and the fastening device enables the instruments to be fixed on the supporting device.
And the two ends of the instrument cabin are also respectively provided with an internal thread and an external thread, so that the two instrument cabins or the instrument cabin and the supporting pipe are screwed together by the power head and the feeding device through the internal thread and the external thread.
In the downhole system, in particular, the through clamping hole on the fastening device is in transition fit with the outer diameter of the support tube and the outer contour of the flat bag so as to prevent the support tube and the flat bag from being shifted.
Preferably, the fastening device is a cylinder, and the second key and the third key form a large semi-cylinder.
Preferably, the interface of key one and key two intersects the interface of key two and key three at an angle.
Preferably, an outer circular ring-shaped area of the upper end surface of the fastening device is a conical surface which is inclined outwards and downwards, and an inner side of the circular ring-shaped area is a conical surface which is inclined inwards and downwards.
Preferably, bolt holes for bolting between the respective keys are opened on the side faces of the keys.
In the downhole system, in particular, the supporting device comprises a fixing piece, a clamping device, a steel pipe, a tray and a bracket,
the two fixing pieces are fixed on the inner walls of the outer shell at the upper end and the lower end of the cabin outer shell;
the clamping devices are arranged between the two fixing pieces;
in the instrument pod, the instruments are placed directly on the trays, rather than on the clamping devices. The clamping device is used for fixing the steel pipe and the support.
The two steel pipes are arranged in parallel, the bracket with the non-circular section is arranged between the two steel pipes in parallel, two ends of each steel pipe are fixed with the two fixing pieces, and the clamping device is provided with a through hole for the steel pipes and the bracket to pass through;
the two ends of the steel pipe are respectively welded with the fixing pieces on the two sides of the cabin, and the steel pipe is matched with the clamping device and serves as a carrier of the support to enable the tray to be welded and fixed with the support. In short, the steel tube is indirectly fixed to the support by the clamping means, and to conclude, the instrument is placed on the tray in order to place the tray on the support.
The fastening means may comprise a fastener member or a fastener,
the fastening block is arranged at the position corresponding to the two ends of the instrument and comprises a bottom block and a top block, the adjacent surfaces of the bottom block and the top block are provided with a recess, so that a through hole matched with the cross section of the instrument is formed after the bottom block and the top block are jointed, and the bottom block and the top block are fixed through screws;
the tray is fixed with the end surface of the bracket; the bottom block in the fastening block is fixed with the end face of the tray;
the bottom block, the tray and the bracket in the fastening block are fixed into a whole, so that the instrument is fixed on the supporting device.
In downhole systems, in particular,
the cabin outer shell and the fixing piece are fixed into a whole through screws.
Specifically, both ends of the steel pipe are welded with the fixing members, respectively.
The supports are of two types: the side surface is in the shape of an L-shaped bracket and a frame-shaped bracket with an upward opening, and the tray is in the shape of a frame-shaped tray with a downward opening;
in a single instrument cabin of an instrument arranged in the instrument cabin, two L-shaped supports are symmetrically distributed in the instrument cabin, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped support is welded with a fixing piece, and the other upper bending end is buckled with two lower bending ends of the frame-shaped tray respectively and welded with the end faces.
In a double-instrument cabin provided with two instruments in an instrument cabin, two L-shaped supports are symmetrically distributed in the cabin, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped support is welded with a fixing piece, the other upper bending end of each L-shaped support is buckled with the lower bending end of each far end of the two frame-shaped trays respectively, and the end faces of the L-shaped supports are welded; two ends of one frame-shaped bracket are respectively buckled with the lower bent ends of two near ends of the two frame-shaped trays, and the end faces are welded.
Specifically, in the fastening block, the bottom block is welded at two lower bending ends of the frame-shaped tray, a threaded hole with the same axis is formed between the top block and the bottom block, and the top block and the bottom block are connected through a bolt.
In the pushing device, in particular, the driving device comprises a motor and a worm gear mechanism which are arranged on the supporting tube, the motor is connected with a worm in the worm gear mechanism,
the transmission mechanism is a connecting rod mechanism which comprises a crank connecting rod, a push rod connecting rod and a large arm,
one end of the crank connecting rod is hinged with a pin shaft on a worm wheel in the worm gear mechanism;
the push rod is movably arranged in a chute on a small arm arranged on the supporting tube, and one end of the push rod is hinged with the other end of the crank connecting rod;
one end of the push rod connecting rod is hinged with the other end of the push rod;
one end of the big arm is hinged on the supporting tube, and the big arm is also hinged with the push rod connecting rod;
the fixing device is provided with a pin shaft hinged with the other end of the large arm, and the fixing device is provided with a clamping fixing device for fixing an instrument.
Preferably, a fixed pipe is fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe, and the motor and the push rod are arranged on the fixed pipe.
Specifically, the fixed pipe longitudinally comprises two parts, wherein one part is an annular semi-cylinder body, the other part is a cylinder body comprising a longitudinal plane, the two parts are fixedly connected and fastened on the supporting pipe through screws, and the small arm is arranged on the longitudinal plane.
Preferably, the pushing device comprises a pushing torque adjusting device, and the pushing torque adjusting device is:
the worm wheel is composed of a worm wheel outer ring and a worm wheel inner ring, the worm wheel outer ring is meshed with the worm, a pin shaft hole connected with the crank connecting rod is formed in the worm wheel inner ring, and an elastic adjusting mechanism is arranged between the worm wheel outer ring and the worm wheel inner ring.
The elasticity adjustment mechanism is: the outer side of the worm wheel inner ring is provided with a plurality of grooves, the worm wheel outer ring is provided with a plurality of adjusting mechanisms, the adjusting mechanisms comprise adjusting grooves formed in the inner side of the worm wheel outer ring, springs are arranged in the adjusting grooves, the outer sides of the springs are provided with thrust balls, one part of the thrust balls is pushed by the springs to enter the grooves of the worm wheel inner ring, and the other part of the thrust balls is in the adjusting grooves.
Preferably, the elasticity adjusting mechanism further comprises an elasticity adjusting structure which comprises an inclined plane top plate and an adjusting screw, wherein the inclined plane top plate is a plate body with a trapezoidal section and is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting groove, the outward bottom surface is a plane and is contacted with the spring, the top surface facing the bottom of the groove comprises a plane section and an inclined plane section, a screw hole is formed in the end surface of the outer ring of the worm wheel and is communicated with the adjusting groove, and the adjusting screw is screwed into the screw hole to abut against the inclined plane section on the top surface of the inclined plane top plate, so that when the adjusting screw is screwed in, the inclined plane top plate is pushed to move the compression spring outwards to increase the pushing moment.
Preferably, 4 adjusting mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the worm wheel.
The clamping and fixing device on the fixing device comprises a bracket, the bracket comprises a bottom plate, side plates are arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, through holes are formed in the two side plates, the large arm is forked with the hinged end of the fixing device, and the two forked ends are hinged and fixed with the two side plates through pin shafts respectively;
the two ends of the bottom plate are provided with clamping fixing devices, each clamping fixing device comprises a bottom block and a top block, the bottom block is fixed on the bottom plate, the top blocks are detachably fixed on the bottom block, and the side faces of the top blocks, which are adjacent to the bottom blocks, are recessed, so that a clamping opening of the logging instrument is formed after the top blocks and the bottom blocks are folded.
The top block and the bottom block are fixed by bolts, for example.
The conveying device suitable for lowering and recovering the vertical well logging instrument can utilize the uphole system of the well drilling to lower and recover the instrument cabin provided with the logging instrument; the instrument cabin is connected to the supporting tube, and the instrument cabin and the supporting tube are conveniently connected through simple internal and external threads; the semi-closed cabin enables the well logging effect to be better; for the well logging instrument which needs to be attached to the well wall, a pushing device which is reasonable and simple in structure and used is designed, so that the well logging instrument can be attached to the well wall, and the impact of the well logging instrument in the process of attaching to the well wall can be avoided; the invention also makes the installation simple and convenient.
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conveyor apparatus suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the feed device in the uphole system.
Fig. 3a is a schematic perspective view of an orifice holder in an uphole system.
Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view of the clamping status of an orifice gripper in an uphole system.
Figure 3c is a cross-sectional view of an orifice holder in an uphole system in an unclamped state.
Fig. 3d is a schematic illustration of a ram of an orifice holder in an uphole system.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a fastening device for fixing a support tube and a flat pack in a downhole system.
Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of the fastening device shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the fastening device shown in fig. 4.
FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a single tool compartment of a conveyance apparatus suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 7b is a schematic view of the support structure and fastening structure in a single tool chamber and the connection structure of the logging tool.
Fig. 7c is a schematic side view of the cabin of the single instrument cabin.
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of a dual tool chamber configuration of a conveyance apparatus suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 8b is a schematic view of a dual tool bay support structure and fastening structure and a connection structure for two logging tools.
FIG. 8c is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 8 a.
FIG. 8d is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 8 a.
FIG. 8e is a schematic cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 8 a.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a fastener for securing an instrument to a support device within an instrument pod.
FIG. 10a is a schematic view of a telescoping device in a downhole system of a conveyance device suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 10b is a side view of the structure of fig. 10 a.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission mechanism in the pushing device.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a thrust torque adjusting device in the transmission mechanism shown in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of an elastic adjusting mechanism in the pushing torque adjusting device in fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a structural schematic view of an elastic force adjusting structure in the pushing moment adjusting device shown in fig. 12.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of movement of the backup device in the downhole system of the conveyance device suitable for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a totally enclosed cabin in the prior art.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the conveying device suitable for lowering and recovering a vertical well logging instrument provided by the invention comprises an aboveground system A and a downhole system B, wherein the aboveground system A comprises a derrick (10), a crown block (12), a tower lifting device (13), a base (14), a hoisting device (20), a lifting device (21), a power head (30), a feeding device (31) and an orifice holder (32); the downhole system B includes a support tube (40), a flat pack (41), a fastening device (42), and a logging node (50).
The derrick (10) is fixed together with a base (14) through a base (11), the aboveground system further comprises a tower lifting device (13), the tower lifting device (13) is an electric driving device, the derrick (10) is composed of an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is fixed with the base 14, the upper part is installed on a slide way of the lower part, one end of the tower lifting device (13) is connected with the base (14), the other end of the tower lifting device is connected with the upper part, and a lifting device (21), a power head (30) and a feeding device (31) are installed on the upper part of the derrick (10). The tower lifting device (13) is fixed in the base (14), a driving motor is arranged in the tower lifting device, and the driving motor drives the tower lifting rod (15) to stretch and retract, so that the derrick (10) is lifted and lowered.
The overhead traveling crane (12) is fixed at the top end of the derrick (10), the lifting device (21) is arranged on the overhead traveling crane (12), the winding device (20) is fixed on the base (14), the lifting device (21) and the winding device (20) are connected together through a steel wire rope, the winding device (20) is a power source of an aboveground system, the overhead traveling crane (12) converts the driving force of the winding device (20) into the traction force of the lifting device (21), and the traction or the lifting of the supporting tube can be realized only by combining the two.
The power head (30) is fixed with the derrick (10) through a feeding device (31). The feeding device (31) provides power for the ascending, descending and transverse movement of the power head;
the feeding device (31) is fixed on the derrick (10) and comprises a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is connected with a driving mechanism; the feeding device (31) comprises a vertical guide rail, the power head (30) is arranged on the vertical guide rail of the feeding device (31) in a vertically movable mode, a driving device connected with the feeding device (31) drives the power head (30) to move vertically along the vertical guide rail in the feeding device (31), and meanwhile the driving device arranged in the power head (30) is connected with the power rotating head so that the power head (30) can achieve a rotary function in a power supply state.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism of the feeding device (31) are hydraulic devices, and include an oil cylinder (313), a piston (311) and a piston rod (310), the power head (30) is fixed with the oil cylinder (313) through a sliding plate (312), the piston (311) and the piston rod (310) form a double-layer structure, and the piston rod (310) and the piston (311) are integrated, the piston (311) is arranged in the oil cylinder (313) to divide the inner cavity of the oil cylinder into an upper cavity (317) and a lower cavity (318), an inner cavity (319) is arranged in the piston (311), the piston rod (310) is a pipe body and is arranged in the piston in isolation from the inner cavity (319) of the piston (311), the upper pipe orifice of the piston rod is communicated with the upper cavity (317), the lower pipe orifice b 315 is connected with an oil path, the inner cavity (319) of the piston (311) is communicated with the lower cavity (318) through, the other hole a314 of the inner cavity (319) is connected with an oil circuit; the piston rod (310) and the piston (311) are both fixed with the bottom of the derrick (10).
When oil enters the lower pipe orifice b (315), high-pressure oil enters the upper cavity 317 of the hydraulic cylinder through the inner-layer oil path to drive the oil cylinder barrel to lift, namely, the power head moves upwards; when the hole a314 is filled with high-pressure oil, the high-pressure oil enters the lower hydraulic cylinder cavity 318 through the interlayer 319 and the hole c316, and drives the hydraulic cylinder barrel to move downwards, namely the power head moves downwards.
By controlling the hydraulic device, the feeding device (31) can drive the power head (30) to move up and down on the derrick 10 and also move transversely. Set up the motor in unit head (30), the power rotating head is connected to the motor to make the power rotating head realize the gyration function under power supply state, this power rotating head can lock, also can open simultaneously, when the power rotating head was opened, the unit head can be followed the hub rotation of derrick.
The feeding device 31 drives the power head to realize the threaded connection between the adjacent supporting tubes 40 and the instrument cabin and between the adjacent supporting tubes and the instrument cabin. The two ends of the supporting pipes (40) are respectively provided with internal threads and external threads, so that any two supporting pipes (40) are screwed together through the internal threads and the external threads; the logging node (50) comprises an instrument cabin and a logging instrument, wherein the instrument cabin is fixed on the support pipe (40); as shown in fig. 7a and 8a, the instrument chamber has a single instrument chamber and a double instrument chamber, and the upper and lower ends of the instrument chamber have the same internal and external threads as the support tube 40, and the instrument chamber and the support tube, the support tube and the support tube, and the instrument chamber are connected by an upper and lower thread structure.
As shown in fig. 3a and 3c, the orifice holder (32) is fixed on the base (14), and the orifice holder (32) comprises a bottom plate (321), a side plate (322), a clamping block (323), a right slip (324), a left slip (325), an upper pin shaft (326), a lower pin shaft (327), a hydraulic cylinder (328) and a push rod (329).
An orifice (320) is arranged on the bottom plate (321) and corresponds to the wellhead, and two parallel guide rail grooves are arranged on two sides of the orifice;
the two side plates (322) are parallel to each other and are oppositely fixed outside the guide rail groove on the bottom plate (321). Specifically, the bottom of the side plate (322) is provided with a threaded hole, the side plate (322) is connected with the bottom plate (321) through a screw,
the two clamping blocks (323) are symmetrically arranged between the two side plates in a splayed manner, each clamping block is respectively arranged in the vertical long hole and the horizontal long hole which are opposite on the two side plates through an upper pin shaft (326) and a lower pin shaft (327), a deep groove ball bearing is arranged between the clamping block (323) and the upper pin shaft (326) and between the clamping block (323) and the lower pin shaft (327), the two clamping blocks (323) can simultaneously rotate around the upper pin shaft (326) and the lower pin shaft (327), and one end of each lower pin shaft is connected with a piston rod at two ends of a hydraulic cylinder 328;
the bottoms of the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) are provided with guide rails which are matched with guide rail grooves of a bottom plate (321), opposite side surfaces of the two slips are cambered surfaces to form clamping surfaces and can slide along the direction of the guide rail grooves of the bottom plate, a lower pin shaft (327) is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 328 to move along the direction of the guide rail grooves of the bottom plate (321) to drive two clamping blocks to rotate around a pin shaft 326 and the pin shaft 327 on the one hand, a vertical long hole of the pin shaft 326 on a side plate 322 on the other hand moves, two symmetrical holes are arranged at the middle lower parts of the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) and are matched with a push rod (329) as shown in figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, a rod body (3291) of the right push rod is penetrated in a hole (a) of the right slip in an interference manner, one end of a push rod head (3293) of the right push rod is abutted against the clamping block at the right slip, the other end of the push rod block (32, one end of the ejector rod block of the left ejector rod abuts against the left clamping block, the other end of the ejector rod head abuts against the right slip, so that when a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder (328) extends, the clamping block (323) is driven by a lower pin shaft (327) to press the right slip (324) and the left slip (325), the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) move towards the center of an opening, and therefore the clamping function is achieved. The closing and opening action of the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) clamps and unclamps, for example, a support tube (40) in a downhole system.
The stem 3291, the ejector block 3292 and the ejector head 3293 of the ejector pin are detachably connected together, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 3d, they are connected by screw threads. The ejector rod head is a spherical body and is used for abutting against the bulge on the clamping block, the ejector rod block is a cylinder, and the plane end face abuts against the plane of the slip.
The minimum spacing between the slip clamping surfaces matches the diameter of the support tube (40) to clamp the support tube. The maximum spacing is matched to the outer contour dimension of the support tube in order to release the support tube (40) for lifting. The instrument pod connected to the support tube 40 will typically have a larger cross-section than the support tube 40, and such an orifice holder will be able to clamp the support tube and thus the instrument pod.
The support tube 40 may also have an attachment, such as a flat pack 41, for example, to allow the attachment member of the support tube 40 to pass through the aperture holder, so that the maximum spacing between the left and right slips is matched to the post-attachment profile of the support tube to allow the support tube 40 and the attachment member thereon to be lowered into the well through the aperture holder.
The lowering process of the supporting tube can be as follows:
the uppermost supporting tube is installed to the power head, an adjacent supporting tube is fixed in the orifice clamp holder, so that the rotation of a single tube of the supporting tube is realized through the power head and the connection with the adjacent supporting tube is realized, the orifice clamp holder realizes the fixation of the single tube of the uppermost supporting tube, and the power head, the feeding device and the orifice clamp holder are matched to realize the screwing of the single tube of the supporting tube. The flat pack passes through the aperture of the orifice holder and is coupled to the support tube by the fastening means so as to follow the support tube down the well. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the upper and lower support pipes (40) are respectively lifted to the vicinity of the orifice holder 32 and the power head 30 through the lifting device 21, the lower support pipe 40 is arranged on the orifice holder 32, the upper support pipe 40 is arranged in the power head 30, the feeding device 31 is started to lead the power head 30 to move downwards, so that the internal threads and the external threads of the upper and lower support pipes 40 are contacted and butted, the rotating device and the feeding device 31 of the power head 30 are started, the two support pipes are screwed together, the power head 30 loosens the upper support pipe 40, meanwhile, the power head 30 is rotated to move away from the center of the power head to deviate from the center of the orifice holder 32, the lifting device 21 is started to clamp the upper support pipe, after the orifice holder is loosened, the winding device 20 is started to convey the upper and lower support pipes to the underground, and when the upper end of the upper support pipe 40, the lifting device and the power head respectively move to the initial positions, and thus, the period of descending the supporting tube is completed.
The recovery process of the support tube may be such that: starting the hoisting device 20, pulling up the support tube 40 to a designated position through the pulling device 21, starting the orifice holder 32 to clamp the support tube, connecting the pulling device 21 with the support tube 40, then loosening the orifice holder 32, lifting the pulling device 21 to the designated position, moving the power head to a homing position, namely aligning the center of the power head with the center of the orifice holder, inserting the support tube 40 into the power head for fixing, in addition, clamping the lower support tube by the orifice holder 32, starting the power head 30 to clamp the support tube, then driving the power head to rotate reversely to separate the two support tubes, rotating the power head to move away after separation, namely deviating the center of the power head from the center of the holder, starting the hoisting device 20 to move the separated support tube at the upper end to the designated position, and switching the support tube from the power head to the pulling device requires manual operation, the recovery cycle for one support tube is completed.
When the weight of the supporting pipe (40) is large, the clamping function is realized by means of the weight of the supporting pipe (40), and when the weight of the supporting pipe (40) is small, namely the supporting pipe (40) contains a small number of supporting pipe single pipes, the orifice clamp (32) drives the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) through the hydraulic cylinder to realize the clamping function.
The orifice holder (32) extrudes the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) through two clamping blocks (323) shaped like a Chinese character 'ba', when the gravity of the supporting pipe (40) is increased, as the inclination angle of the clamping blocks (323) is reduced, the supporting force of the slips (323) to the supporting pipe (40) is increased, so that the friction force between the slips (323) and the supporting pipe (40) is increased, and the clamping function is realized by means of the self weight of the supporting pipe (40). The derrick (10), the crown block (12), the base (14), the tower lifting device (13), the hoisting device (20), the pulling device (21), the power head (30), the feeding device (31) and the orifice clamp (32) are all used for drilling, and the invention transmits logging instruments to the underground and is completed by using the above-ground system.
The equipment in the downhole system is connected to a support tube (40).
The supporting pipe (40) is connected with the lifting device (21) to realize the up-and-down movement of the supporting pipe (40) in the shaft;
the two ends of the supporting pipes (40) are respectively provided with internal and external threads, so that any two supporting pipes (40) are screwed together by the power head (30) and the feeding device (31) through the internal and external threads; and the two ends of the instrument cabin are respectively provided with an internal thread and an external thread, so that the two instrument cabins or the instrument cabin and the supporting pipe (40) are screwed together by the power head (30) and the feeding device (31) through the internal thread and the external thread. A section of supporting tube and the instrument cabin are mutually connected through the matching of a feeding device, a power head and an orifice holder, and then the supporting tube and the instrument cabin are placed and recovered along a well by a lifting device.
This is an improvement of the present invention by which the connection of the support tube and the tool chamber is made very simple and convenient, and the transfer of the transfer means for lowering and retrieving the logging tool can be performed directly using the uphole system used in drilling, the lowering and retrieving of the tool chamber being substantially the same as the operation of a drilling rod in drilling. The invention provides an improvement on the connection structure of a support pipe and an instrument cabin, and the lowering and the recovery can be implemented by using drilling equipment.
The instrument pod is connected and conveyed down the well in the same manner.
A downhole system is a feature of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, two logging nodes 50 are connected to the support tube 40, wherein one node is a single instrument chamber 51 in which a magnetic locator is disposed, and the other node is a dual instrument chamber in which a natural gamma instrument 52 and a temperature sensor 53 are disposed.
A cable (55) of the logging instrument penetrates through a through hole in the upper end of a cabin shell (63) of the instrument cabin to be connected into the flat bag (41), and the flat bag (41) is communicated with a ground communication system, so that the state of the logging instrument is monitored in real time.
The flat bag and the support tube are arranged side by side, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4 to fig. 6, the support tube (40) and the flat bag 41 are coupled together through a fastening device (42), the fastening device comprises a detachable key I (421), a detachable key II (422) and a detachable key III (423), as shown in fig. 4, the fastening device (42) is composed of a key 1 (421), a key 2 (422) and a key 3 (423), the shape of a gap enclosed by the key 1 (421) and the key 2 (422) is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the support tube (40), and the size of the former is slightly smaller than that of the latter to form transition fit; the shape of the gap enclosed by the keys 2 (422) and 3 (423) is consistent with the shape of the cross section of the flat bag (41), and the size of the former is slightly smaller than that of the latter.
The keys 1 (421) and 2 (422) and 3 (423) can be fastened by bolts, threaded holes are drilled from the side faces of the 3 keys, the threaded holes between the keys 1 and 2 and between the keys 2 and 3 are ensured to be communicated with each other, and the supporting tube (40) and the flat pack (41) can be prevented from being deviated by fastening the keys.
The flat bag (41) is coupled with the support tube (40) through a fastening device (42), and various cable and data line accommodating spaces and fixing structures are arranged in the flat bag (41); the logging instrument is arranged in the cabin of the instrument cabin, and a cable and a data wire of the logging instrument are converged into a flat bag (41) and then connected with a control device on the well.
The flat pack (41) is cut off when approaching the cabin of the instrument cabin, namely, the section cable which is adjacent to and parallel to the cabin is conveyed through the inside of the cabin, part of the cable is connected with the logging instrument through the cabin, and the cable which is not related to the logging instrument enters the next flat pack (41) through the instrument cabin.
The invention changes the current situation that cable data wires pass through the cabin in the prior art, and increases flat package wires, so that the instrument cabin is cleaner and safer.
The logging node comprises a single instrument chamber (51), a double instrument chamber (52) and a thrust device (53), wherein the single instrument chamber (51) and the double instrument chamber (52) are both semi-enclosed chambers, as shown in fig. 7 c.
The instrument cabin is semi-closed, so that instruments in the cabin do not have the shielding problem of the fully-closed cabin, and the measurement is more accurate. However, in the cabin, the support and fixation of the surveying instrument is a problem that requires special attention.
And the instrument fixing device is arranged inside the cabin and comprises a supporting device and a fastening device, wherein the supporting device is fixed in the cabin and is used for placing the instrument, and the fastening device enables the instrument to be fixed on the supporting device. The supporting device comprises a fixing piece (60), a clamping device (58), a steel pipe (57), a tray (64) and a bracket (65),
the two fixing pieces (60) are fixed on the inner walls of the outer shells at the upper end and the lower end of the cabin outer shell (63), and particularly, the cabin outer shell (63) and the fixing pieces (60) are fixed into a whole through screws;
a plurality of clamping devices (58) are arranged between the two fixing pieces (60);
the two steel pipes (57) are arranged in parallel, the bracket (65) with the non-circular section is arranged between the two steel pipes in parallel, and the two ends of the steel pipe (57) are respectively welded with the fixing piece (60); a through hole is arranged on the clamping device (58) for the steel pipe (57) and the bracket (65) to pass through;
the fastening device comprises a fastening piece (56), the fastening block (56) is arranged at positions corresponding to two ends of the instrument, the fastening block (56) comprises a bottom block (561) and a top block (560), the adjacent surfaces of the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are provided with recesses, a through hole matched with the cross section of the instrument is formed after the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are jointed, and the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are fixed through screws;
the tray (64) is fixed with the end face of the bracket (65), the logging instrument is placed on the tray (64), and the bottom block (561) in the fastening block (56) is fixed with the end face of the tray (64); the bottom block (561) in the fastening block (56), the tray (64) and the bracket (65) are fixed into a whole, so that the instrument is fixed on the supporting device.
The tray (64) is fixed with the end surface of the bracket (65);
the bottom block (561) of the fastening block (56) is fixed to the end face of the tray (64).
In the instrument chamber, two non-circular section steel pipes (57) are fixed with a chamber shell (63) through fixing pieces (60), the steel pipes (57) are prevented from deviating through clamping devices (58), and a logging instrument is installed in a tray (64) below the logging instrument and fixed with the steel pipes (57) through fastening blocks (56). The fastening block (56), the tray (64) and the bracket (65) are fixed together through screws, the steel pipe 57 plays a supporting role in the cabin and is matched with the clamping device to serve as a carrier of the tray (64), and therefore the sensor is convenient to mount.
Specifically, the stent (65) has two types: the side shape is L-shaped bracket 651 and frame-shaped bracket 652 with upward opening, and the tray (64) is a frame-shaped tray with downward opening;
in a single instrument chamber (51) in which an instrument is arranged in the instrument chamber, two L-shaped brackets 651 are symmetrically distributed in the chamber, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped bracket is welded with a fixing piece (60), and the other upper bent end of each L-shaped bracket is buckled with two lower bent ends of a frame-shaped tray (64) respectively and welded with the end surfaces, as shown in fig. 7 b.
In a dual instrument chamber in which two instruments are disposed in an instrument chamber, two L-shaped brackets 651 are symmetrically distributed in the chamber, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped bracket 651 is welded to a fixing member (60), the other end of the straight plate is welded to a frame edge with a frame-shaped tray (64) having a bent upper end and a downward opening, and two ends of one frame-shaped bracket 652 are respectively buckled to lower bent ends of two proximal ends of the two frame-shaped trays (64) and are end-welded (as shown in fig. 8 b).
As shown in fig. 7b and 8b, in the fastening block (56), a bottom block (561) is welded at two lower bending ends of the frame-shaped tray (64), a coaxial threaded hole (562) is arranged between the top block (560) and the bottom block (561), and the top block and the bottom block are connected through a bolt.
The combination body forms a through clamping hole (563) through the edge shapes of the top block 560 and the bottom block 561, and the structure of the clamping hole (563) can be adjusted according to the cross section shape of an actual logging instrument, so that the compatibility of the cabin to different logging instruments is improved; meanwhile, the chamber can be structurally expanded according to the number of the internal sensors, so that chambers for accommodating different numbers of logging instruments, such as a single instrument chamber (51) and a double instrument chamber (52), are derived. The fastening block matched with the logging instrument can be correspondingly processed according to different shapes of the logging instrument, for example, the logging instrument with the square cross section uses the clamping hole as the square fastening block, the logging instrument with the circular cross section uses the fastening block with the clamping hole as the circular cross section, and the compatibility of the fastening block to different logging instruments is embodied.
Through the structure, in the instrument cabin, the instrument is directly placed on the tray, the two ends of the steel pipe are respectively welded with the fixing pieces on the two sides of the cabin, and the steel pipe is matched with the clamping device and serves as a carrier of the support to enable the tray to be welded and fixed with the support. The steel tube indirectly fixes the bracket through the clamping device, the tray is placed on the bracket, and the instrument is placed on the tray. Such a configuration allows the logging tool to be securely held within the semi-enclosed tool compartment.
As shown in fig. 7a and 8b, the cable (55) of the logging instrument is connected into the flat package (41) through the upper end of the cabin shell (63), and is connected with the ground communication system through the flat package (41), so that the real-time monitoring of the state of the logging instrument is realized.
The joints at the two ends of the cabin are respectively provided with an internal thread (62) and an external thread (61), the internal thread and the external thread can be screwed together and are simultaneously matched with the internal thread and the external thread at the two ends of the supporting tube (40), so that the cabin and the supporting tube (40) and the cabin can be connected in a threaded manner. Such a structural improvement allows the use of existing uphole systems for drilling.
As shown in fig. 10a and 10b, the logging node (50) also includes a thrust device (53) because some logging tools need to work against the borehole wall rather than being located in the chamber. This requires the provision of a pushing device 53 on the support tube 40. In this embodiment, the logging tool against the borehole wall is a geophone 53 (see FIG. 1)
The pushing device (53) comprises a driving device (530), a transmission mechanism (531) and a fixing device (532), wherein the driving device (530) is fixed on the support pipe (40), the fixing device (532) is connected with the driving device (530) through the transmission mechanism (531), a clamping fixing device is arranged on the fixing device (532) to fix an instrument, and the transmission mechanism (531) passes through the driving mechanism (530) to enable the instrument fixed on the fixing device (532) to be pushed to the well wall and retracted;
the geophone 53 is clamped and fixed on the fixture of the pusher (53) to be pushed against the borehole wall by the drive mechanism to perform the measurement operation and retracted alongside the support tube.
A fixed tube 43 is fixed on the section of the supporting tube 40 provided with the pushing device 53, and the fixed tube 43 is of a longitudinally split two-half structure, is buckled on the supporting tube 40 and is fixedly connected into a whole through screws. The longitudinal sides of the fixed tube 43 have flat portions to facilitate the setting of the pushing means.
The driving device (530) comprises a motor 81 and a worm gear mechanism which are arranged on the fixed pipe 43, and the motor (81) is connected with a worm (85) in the worm gear mechanism.
As shown in fig. 10a, 10b and 15, the transmission mechanism (531) is a link mechanism, which includes a crank link (86), a push rod (87), a push rod link (73) and a large arm (70), wherein one end of the crank link (86) is hinged to a pin 861 on the worm wheel (84) of the worm gear mechanism. The worm gear is fixed to the fixed tube 43 by a rotating shaft 843.
The push rod (87) is movably arranged in a sliding groove of a small arm (71) arranged on the longitudinal plane of the fixed tube 43, and one end of the push rod (87) is hinged with the other end of the crank connecting rod (86) through a pin 862.
One end of the push rod connecting rod (73) is hinged with the other end of the push rod (87) through a pin shaft 72.
One end of the large arm (70) is hinged on the fixed pipe 43 through a pin shaft 76, and the large arm (70) is also hinged with a push rod connecting rod 73 through a pin shaft 74;
the fixing device (532) is provided with a pin shaft hinged with the other end of the large arm (70), and the fixing device (532) is provided with a clamping fixing device for fixing an instrument. The small arm (71) is fixed on the fixed pipe 43, namely the metal jacket, a sliding groove is arranged on the structure of the small arm, the push rod 87 can move in the vertical direction along the sliding groove, when the push rod moves downwards, the push rod connecting rod (73) generates pushing force on the large arm (70), so that the geophone 53 is pushed against the upper surface of a well wall, and when the push rod 87 moves upwards, the push rod connecting rod (73) generates pulling force on the large arm (70), so that the geophone is restored to the initial state.
As shown in fig. 10a and 10b, the clamping fixture on the fixture (532) includes a fixing frame 532a, the fixing frame 532a includes a bottom plate, side plates 532b are disposed on two sides of the bottom plate, through holes are disposed on two side plates 532b, the large arm 70 is bifurcated with the hinged end of the fixture (532), and the bifurcated ends are respectively hinged and fixed with the two side plates 532b through pin shafts 75;
clamping fixing devices 78 are arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, each clamping fixing device 78 comprises a bottom block 781 and a top block 782, the bottom blocks 781 are fixed on the bottom plate, the top blocks 782 are detachably fixed on the bottom blocks, and the adjacent side surfaces of the top blocks 782 and the bottom blocks 781 are recessed inwards, so that a clamping opening of the logging instrument is formed after the clamping fixing devices are folded.
The top block 782 and the bottom block 781 are fixed by bolts.
The fixed frame (532) is connected with the large arm (70) through a pin shaft (75), namely the geophone 53 and the fixed frame (538) thereof can rotate along the pin shaft (75), so that the posture of the geophone can be automatically adjusted according to the shape of the borehole wall.
The motor 81 drives the crank-link mechanism to drive the geophone to be attached to the well wall, and in actual operation, the geophone may be attached to the well wall, so that the motor cannot be stopped in time, the moment applied to the geophone to be attached to the well wall is too large, the geophone is damaged, and the geophone may not be attached to the well wall motor yet and is stopped, so that the geophone cannot be measured accurately. To avoid the above problems, the present invention provides a transmission that can apply torque depending on how well the tool is held against the borehole wall.
The pushing device comprises a pushing torque adjusting device (88), and the pushing torque adjusting device (88) is as follows:
as shown in fig. 11 to 14, the worm wheel (84) is composed of a worm wheel outer ring (841) and a worm wheel inner ring (842), the worm wheel outer ring is engaged with the worm, a pin shaft hole (861) connected with the crank connecting rod (86) is arranged on the worm wheel inner ring, and an elastic adjusting mechanism is arranged between the worm wheel outer ring and the worm wheel inner ring.
The elasticity adjustment mechanism is: the outer side surface of the worm wheel inner ring (842) is provided with a plurality of grooves,
set up a plurality of adjustment mechanism on worm wheel outer loop (841), it includes adjustment tank (885) that sets up on the medial surface of worm wheel outer loop, sets up spring (883) in this adjustment tank (885), and the outside of spring (883) sets up a thrust ball (884), and this spring (883) pushes away and supports in this thrust ball (884) partly gets into the recess of worm wheel inner loop (842), and another part is in adjustment tank (885).
The elastic adjusting mechanism also comprises an elastic adjusting structure which comprises an inclined plane top plate (882) and an adjusting screw (881),
inclined plane roof (882) is the plate body of a trapezoidal cross-section, set up the tank bottom at adjustment tank (885), the bottom surface that outwards is a plane and contacts with spring (883), the top surface towards the tank bottom includes a plane section and an inclined plane section, establish a screw and adjustment tank intercommunication on the terminal surface of worm wheel outer loop, adjusting screw (881) screw in this screw supports the inclined plane section on inclined plane roof (882) top surface, make when screw in adjusting screw (881), promote inclined plane roof (882) outwards to remove pressure spring (883) and push against moment in order to increase.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 11 to 14, 4 adjusting mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the outer ring (841) of the worm wheel.
The worm (85) is connected with the motor (81) through a coupling (82), power from the motor (81) is transmitted to the worm wheel outer ring (841), and the worm wheel outer ring (841) pushes the worm wheel inner ring to rotate by means of the pushing torque adjusting device (88). The worm wheel inner ring (842) is connected with the crank connecting rod (86) through a pin shaft, the crank connecting rod (86) is connected with the push rod (87) through a pin shaft (862), and when the worm wheel inner ring (842) rotates, the crank connecting rod (86) is driven to move, so that the push rod (87) is driven to move downwards, and the power of the driving device (530) is transmitted to the moving mechanism (531).
In the moving mechanism (531), the small arm (71) is welded on the horizontal plane of the fixed pipe (43), a sliding groove is formed in the push rod (87), the pin shaft (77) is horizontally fixed in the small arm (71) and ensures that the push rod (87) moves along the vertical direction, and the push rod (87) can push the pin shaft (72) to move downwards along the sliding groove in the small arm (71), so that the push rod connecting rod (73) is driven to push the large arm (70) outwards.
During the process that the logging instrument is pushed against the wall, namely the logging instrument is in contact with the wall, the wall indirectly gives reverse resistance to the large arm (70) and transmits the reverse resistance to the crank connecting rod (86) through the motion mechanism (531), namely the crank connecting rod (86) applies reverse moment to the turbine inner ring (842), under the action of the reverse moment, the spring in the moment adjusting mechanism (88) is compressed, the four thrust balls (884) are squeezed into the adjusting groove (885) of the turbine outer ring (841), and the process can cause the motor (81) to drive the turbine outer ring (841) to idle.
Therefore, the pushing device provided by the invention can control the motor through the pushing torque adjusting device even if the motor does not stop after the pushing instrument is attached to the wall, thereby effectively protecting the instrument from being damaged. Such a construction is very reliable.
Furthermore, the torque adjusting mechanism (88) can also adjust the magnitude of the spring force by modifying the screwing length of the adjusting screw (881), so as to control the magnitude of the set value of the torque, and thus indirectly control the magnitude of the pushing force of the pushing device.
In operation, after a pushing instruction is sent, the motor (81) outputs power to the moving mechanism (531) through the worm (85) and the worm wheel (84), the logging instrument is connected with the moving mechanism (531) through the fixing device (532), the driving device (530) pushes the moving mechanism (531) to work, the logging instrument is pushed outwards, and the logging instrument can be stably and reliably fixed on a well wall. After an arm retracting instruction is sent out, the motor rotates reversely, the driving device (530) drives the movement mechanism (531) to retract the logging instrument inwards, and arm retracting work is completed.
The conveying device provided by the invention can not only carry out actual drilling operation, but also carry out the operation of lowering and recovering the logging instrument after the drilling is finished.
The sidewall contact device can move a logging instrument which needs to be measured by attaching to a well wall from an instrument cabin to the sidewall contact device, the attitude of the logging instrument can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual shape of the well wall through the hinged connection structure of the fixing device and the transmission mechanism of the sidewall contact device to be tightly attached to the well wall, the sidewall contact torque can be conveniently controlled on the basis of ensuring the tight attachment of the instrument through the sidewall contact torque adjusting device, the logging instrument cannot be damaged and the measurement precision of the logging instrument cannot be influenced, and compared with the design of buffering by using a spring, the sidewall contact device has the advantages that the instrument is protected and the sidewall contact device can be tightly attached to the well wall; the pushing device can adjust the shape and size of a clamping port by using different clamping fixing devices, so that the compatibility of the device is enhanced; the pushing device can be conveniently fixed on the supporting tube through the fixing structure, so that the practicability of the pushing device is improved, and the pushing device is used for actual logging projects.

Claims (11)

1. A conveying device suitable for lowering and recovering a vertical well logging instrument is characterized by comprising an aboveground system and a downhole system,
the aboveground system comprises a derrick (10), a crown block (12), a base (14), a winding device (20), a lifting device (21), a power head (30), a feeding device (31) and an orifice holder (32),
the derrick (10), the orifice clamp (32) and the hoisting device (20) are all fixed with the base (14);
the overhead traveling crane (12) is fixed on the derrick,
the lifting device (21) is arranged on the crown block (12) and is connected with the winding device (20) through a steel wire rope so as to rise and fall up and down through the winding device (20);
the feeding device (31) is fixed on the derrick (10) and comprises a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is connected with a driving mechanism;
the power head (30) is fixed with the derrick (10) through a feeding device (31); the feeding device (31) provides power for the ascending and descending of the power head;
the downhole system comprising a support tube (40), a flat pack (41), a fastening device (42) and a logging node (50),
the supporting pipe (40) is connected with the lifting device (21) to realize the up-and-down movement of the supporting pipe (40) in the shaft;
the flat bag (41) is coupled with the support tube (40) through a fastening device (42), and various cable and data line accommodating spaces and fixing structures are arranged in the flat bag (41);
the logging node (50) comprises an instrument bay and a logging instrument;
the instrument cabin is fixed on the supporting tube (40); the logging instrument is arranged in a cabin of the instrument cabin, and a cable and a data wire of the logging instrument are converged into a flat bag (41) and then connected with a control device on the well;
the instrument cabin comprises a single instrument cabin (51) and/or a double instrument cabin (52), an opening is formed in the side wall of a cabin shell (63) to form a semi-closed structure, instruments in the cabin are exposed outside, an instrument fixing device is arranged in the cabin and comprises an instrument supporting device and an instrument fastening device, the instrument supporting device is fixed in the cabin and used for placing the instruments on the instrument supporting device, and the instrument fastening device enables the instruments to be fixed on the instrument supporting device.
2. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 1, wherein: in the above-well system,
the derrick is characterized by further comprising a tower lifting device (13), the derrick (10) is composed of an upper portion and a lower portion, the lower portion is fixed with the base (14), the upper portion is installed on a slide way of the lower portion, one end of the tower lifting device (13) is connected with the base (14), the other end of the tower lifting device (13) is connected with the upper portion so that the upper portion of the derrick (10) can rise and fall through the tower lifting device (13), and the lifting device (21), the power head (30) and the feeding device (31) are installed on the upper portion of the derrick (10).
3. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 1, wherein: in the above-well system,
the feeding device (31) comprises a vertical guide rail, the power head (30) is arranged on the vertical guide rail of the feeding device (31) in a vertically and/or horizontally movable manner, a driving device connected with the feeding device (31) drives the power head (30) to move up and down along the vertical track in the feeding device (31), and meanwhile, the driving device arranged in the power head (30) is connected with a power rotating head so that the power head (30) can realize a rotary function in a power supply state; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the orifice holder (32) comprises a base plate (321), two slips (324, 325) are arranged on the base plate (321) in a manner of moving towards and away from each other, opposite side surfaces of the two slips form clamping surfaces for cambered surfaces, the two slips are connected with a driving device, the minimum distance between the clamping surfaces of the two slips is matched with the pipe diameter of the support pipe (40) so as to clamp the support pipe (40), and the maximum distance is matched with the outer contour dimension of the support pipe (40) or matched with the outer contour dimension of an attached part on the support pipe (40) so as to enable the support pipe to be lowered into a well through the orifice holder.
4. A conveyor adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to claim 3, wherein: in the above-well system,
the driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism of the feeding device (31) are hydraulic devices and comprise an oil cylinder barrel (313), a piston (311) and a piston rod (310), the power head (30) is fixed with the oil cylinder barrel (313) through a sliding plate (312), the piston (311) and the piston rod (310) form a double-layer structure, the piston rod (310) and the piston (311) are integrated, the piston (311) is arranged in the oil cylinder barrel (313) and divides the inner cavity of the oil cylinder barrel into an upper cavity (317) and a lower cavity (318), an inner cavity (319) is arranged in the piston (311), the piston rod (310) is a pipe body, the piston is arranged in the piston in an isolated way with an inner cavity (319) of the piston (311), an upper nozzle of the piston rod is communicated with an upper cavity (317), a lower nozzle (b) of the piston rod is connected with an oil path, the inner cavity (319) of the piston is communicated with a lower cavity (318) through a hole (c), and the other hole (a) of the inner cavity (319) is connected with the oil path; the piston rod (310) and the piston (311) are both fixed with the bottom of the derrick (10); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the orifice holder comprises a bottom plate (321), a side plate (322), a clamping block (323), a right slip (324), a left slip (325), an upper pin shaft (326), a lower pin shaft (327), a hydraulic cylinder (328) and a push rod,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an orifice (320) is arranged on the bottom plate (321) and corresponds to the wellhead, and two parallel guide rail grooves are arranged on two sides of the orifice;
the two side plates (322) are mutually parallel and oppositely fixed outside the guide rail groove on the bottom plate (321);
the two clamping blocks (323) are symmetrically arranged between the two side plates in a splayed manner and are positioned on two sides of the orifice (320), each clamping block is respectively arranged in the vertical long hole and the transverse long hole which are opposite on the two side plates through an upper pin shaft (326) and a lower pin shaft (327), and one end of each lower pin shaft is connected with a piston rod at two ends of the hydraulic cylinder;
the bottoms of the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) are provided with guide rails which are matched with the guide rail grooves of the bottom plate (321), two holes (a) are arranged at the middle lower parts of the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) and are matched with the mandril, namely, a rod body (3291) of a right ejector rod (329) is penetrated in a hole (a) of the right slip (324) in an interference mode, an ejector rod head (3293) at one end of the right ejector rod (329) props against a clamping block at the right side, an ejector rod block (3292) at the other end props against a left slip (325), similarly, a rod body of a left ejector rod is penetrated in a hole (a) of the left slip in an interference mode, an ejector rod head at one end of the left ejector rod props against a clamping block at the left side, and an ejector rod block at the other end props against the right slip, so that the hydraulic cylinder drives the lower pin shaft (327) to drive the two clamping blocks (323) to move along the direction of the guide rail groove of the bottom plate (321), and then the right slip (324) and the left slip (325) are clamped and loosened through the two push rods; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the ejector rod block is detachably connected with the ejector rod head; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the maximum spacing between the two slips (324, 325) allows the flat pack secured to the support tube (40) to be run into the well and retrieved together.
5. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 1, wherein: in the case of a downhole system, the downhole system,
the logging node (50) further comprises a pushing device (53),
the pushing device (53) comprises a driving device (530), a transmission mechanism (531) and a fixing device (532), wherein the driving device (530) is fixed on the support pipe (40), the fixing device (532) is connected with the driving device (530) through the transmission mechanism (531), a clamping fixing device is arranged on the fixing device (532) to fix an instrument, and the transmission mechanism (531) passes through the driving device (530) to enable the instrument fixed on the fixing device (532) to be pushed to the well wall and retracted; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the two ends of the supporting pipes (40) are respectively provided with internal and external threads, so that any two supporting pipes (40) are screwed together by the power head (30) and the feeding device (31) through the internal and external threads; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a cable (55) of the logging instrument penetrates through a through hole in the upper end of a cabin shell (63) of the instrument cabin to be connected into a flat bag (41), and the flat bag (41) is communicated with a ground communication system to realize real-time monitoring of the state of the logging instrument; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the cables on the instruments fixed on the pushing device (53) are connected into the flat bag.
6. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the case of a downhole system, the downhole system,
the support tube (40) and the flat pack are coupled together by a fastening means (42) comprising a key one (421), a key two (422) and a key three (423),
the first key and the second key are connected through bolts, the adjacent side surfaces of the first key and the second key are respectively provided with a recess, and a first through clamping gap (424) matched with the cross section of the supporting pipe (40) is formed after the first key and the second key are connected; the second key and the third key are connected through bolts, the adjacent side surfaces of the second key and the third key are respectively provided with a recess, and a second penetrating clamping gap (425) is formed after the second key and the third key are connected and is matched with the cross section of the flat bag (41); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
two ends of the instrument cabin are respectively provided with an internal thread and an external thread, so that the two instrument cabins or the instrument cabin and the supporting tube (40) are screwed together by the power head (30) and the feeding device (31) through the internal thread and the external thread; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the penetrating clamping gap on the fastening device (42) is in transition fit with the outer diameter of the supporting tube and the outer contour of the flat bag so as to prevent the supporting tube (40) and the flat bag (41) from shifting; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fastening device is a cylinder, and the key II and the key III form a large semi-cylinder; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the interface of the first key and the second key intersects with the interface of the second key and the third key at an angle; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
an annular area on the outer side of the upper end surface of the fastening device (42) is a conical surface which is inclined outwards and downwards, and the inner side of the annular area is a conical surface which is inclined inwards and downwards; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
bolt holes (426, 427) for bolt connection between the respective keys are opened on the side faces of the keys.
7. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 1, wherein: in the case of a downhole system, the downhole system,
the instrument supporting device comprises a fixing piece (60), a clamping device (58), a steel pipe (57), a tray (64) and a bracket (65),
two fixing pieces (60) are fixed on the inner walls of the outer shell at the upper end and the lower end of the cabin outer shell (63);
a plurality of clamping devices (58) are arranged between the two fixing pieces (60);
the two steel pipes (57) are arranged in parallel, the bracket (65) with the non-circular section is arranged between the two steel pipes in parallel, two ends of each steel pipe are fixed with the two fixing pieces (60), and the clamping device (58) is provided with a through hole for the steel pipes (57) and the bracket (65) to pass through;
the instrument fastening device comprises a fastening block (56),
the fastening block (56) is arranged at the position corresponding to the two ends of the instrument, the fastening block (56) comprises a bottom block (561) and a top block (560), the adjacent surfaces of the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are provided with recesses, a through hole matched with the cross section of the instrument is formed after the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are combined, and the bottom block (561) and the top block (560) are fixed through screws;
the tray (64) is fixed with the end surface of the bracket (65); a bottom block (561) in the fastening block (56) is fixed with the end face of the tray (64);
the bottom block (561) in the fastening block (56), the tray (64) and the bracket (65) are fixed into a whole, so that the instrument is fixed on the supporting device.
8. The conveyance apparatus for lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument according to claim 7, wherein: in the case of a downhole system, the downhole system,
the tray (64) is fixed with the end surface of the bracket (65); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a bottom block (561) in the fastening block (56) is fixed with the end face of the tray (64); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the cabin outer shell (63) and the fixing piece (60) are fixed into a whole through screws; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
two ends of the steel pipe (57) are respectively welded with the fixing pieces (60) on two sides of the cabin; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the supports (65) are of two types: the side surface is an L-shaped bracket and a frame-shaped bracket with an upward opening, and the tray (64) is a frame-shaped tray with a downward opening; and/or
In the fastening block (56), a bottom block (561) is welded at two lower bending ends of the frame-shaped tray (64), a coaxial threaded hole (562) is formed between the top block (560) and the bottom block (561), and the top block and the bottom block are connected through a bolt.
9. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 1, wherein: in a single instrument cabin (51) provided with an instrument in the instrument cabin, two L-shaped supports are symmetrically distributed in the cabin, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped support is welded with a fixing piece (60), the other upper bending end of each L-shaped support is buckled with two lower bending ends of a frame-shaped tray (64) respectively, and the end faces of the L-shaped supports are welded; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
in a double-instrument cabin provided with two instruments in an instrument cabin, two L-shaped supports are symmetrically distributed in the cabin, one end of a straight plate of each L-shaped support is welded with a fixing piece (60), the other upper bending end of each L-shaped support is buckled with the lower bending end of the two far ends of two frame-shaped trays (64), and the end faces of the L-shaped supports are welded; two ends of one frame-shaped bracket are respectively buckled with the lower bent ends of two near ends of two frame-shaped trays (64), and the end surfaces are welded.
10. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 5, wherein: in a downhole system, characterized by: in the pushing device, the pushing rod is arranged in the pushing device,
the driving device (530) comprises a motor and a worm gear mechanism which are arranged on the supporting pipe (40), the motor (81) is connected with a worm (85) in the worm gear mechanism,
the transmission mechanism (531) is a connecting rod mechanism which comprises a crank connecting rod (86), a push rod (87), a push rod connecting rod (73) and a large arm (70),
one end of the crank connecting rod (86) is hinged with a first pin shaft (861) on a worm wheel (84) in the worm gear mechanism;
the push rod (87) is movably arranged in a sliding groove on a small arm (71) arranged on the supporting tube (40), and one end of the push rod (87) is hinged with the other end of the crank connecting rod (86);
one end of the push rod connecting rod (73) is hinged with the other end of the push rod (87);
one end of the large arm (70) is hinged on the supporting tube (40), and the large arm (70) is also hinged with the push rod connecting rod (73);
the fixing device (532) is provided with a second pin shaft (75) which is hinged with the other end of the large arm (70), and the fixing device is provided with a clamping fixing device for fixing an instrument.
11. The conveyance apparatus adapted for use in lowering and retrieving a vertical well logging instrument of claim 10, wherein: in the downhole system described above, the downhole system,
a fixed pipe (43) is fixedly arranged on the supporting pipe (40), and the motor (81) and the push rod are arranged on the fixed pipe (43); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the pushing device comprises a pushing torque adjusting device (88), and the pushing torque adjusting device (88) is as follows:
the worm wheel (84) is composed of a worm wheel outer ring (841) and a worm wheel inner ring (842), the worm wheel outer ring is meshed with the worm, a pin shaft hole connected with the crank connecting rod (86) is arranged on the worm wheel inner ring, and an elastic adjusting mechanism is arranged between the worm wheel outer ring and the worm wheel inner ring; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the fixed pipe (43) comprises two parts in the longitudinal direction, wherein one part is an annular semi-cylinder body, the other part is a cylinder body comprising a longitudinal plane, the two parts are fixedly connected and fastened on the supporting pipe (40) through screws, and the small arm (71) is arranged on the longitudinal plane; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the elasticity adjustment mechanism is:
the outer side surface of the worm wheel inner ring (842) is provided with a plurality of grooves,
the worm wheel outer ring (841) is provided with a plurality of adjusting mechanisms, each adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting groove (885) arranged on the inner side surface of the worm wheel outer ring, a spring (883) is arranged in each adjusting groove (885), the outer side of each spring (883) is provided with a thrust ball (884), one part of each thrust ball (884) is pushed by each spring (883) to enter the groove of the worm wheel inner ring (842), and the other part of each thrust ball is arranged in each adjusting groove (885); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the elastic adjusting mechanism also comprises an elastic adjusting structure which comprises an inclined plane top plate (882) and an adjusting screw (881),
the inclined plane roof (882) is a plate body with a trapezoidal section and is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting groove (885), the outward bottom surface is a plane and is contacted with the spring (883), the top surface facing the bottom of the groove comprises a plane section and an inclined plane section, the end surface of the outer ring of the worm wheel is provided with a screw hole which is communicated with the adjusting groove, the adjusting screw (881) is screwed into the screw hole to abut against the inclined plane section on the top surface of the inclined plane roof (882), so that when the adjusting screw (881) is screwed in, the inclined plane roof (882) is pushed to move the compression spring (883) outwards to increase the pushing moment; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
4 adjusting mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the worm wheel outer ring (841).
CN202010196898.XA 2020-03-19 2020-03-19 Conveyer suitable for vertical well logging instrument is transferred and is retrieved Expired - Fee Related CN111305778B (en)

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