CN111304464A - Method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore - Google Patents
Method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and grinding the stone coal vanadium ore blocks to prepare stone coal mineral powder; (2) conveying the hot flue gas stone coal mineral powder to a suspension roasting device, and carrying out heat storage roasting at 700-900 ℃ to form heat storage stone coal mineral powder; (3) conveying to a decarburization roasting device, and introducing air; suspending the heat-accumulating stone coal ore powder, and decarburizing and roasting at 500-800 ℃; (4) introducing mixed gas into the crystal breaking roasting device, and carrying out oxidation reaction on the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device at the temperature of 750-900 ℃ to form a crystal breaking roasted material; (5) adding water and a sulfuric acid solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, curing at 140-200 ℃, and cooling to normal temperature; (6) mixing with water, extracting vanadium with water, filtering, and separating. The method has the advantages of high vanadium leaching rate, simple process, energy-saving and environment-friendly equipment and easy realization of industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vanadium extraction from stone coal, and particularly relates to a method for extracting vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore by multistage roasting, reinforced acid mixing and curing.
Background
Vanadium is a very important strategic resource, is mainly used in the fields of iron and steel industry, aviation industry, nuclear industry, new energy and the like, and simultaneously, the vanadium resource reserves in China occupy the first place in the world. The vanadium-containing stone coal is a main existing form of vanadium resources in China, and is divided into primary stone coal and weathered stone coal according to different weathered degrees, wherein the primary stone coal is difficult to treat, and after the vanadium extraction production level of the stone coal in China falls, the efficient vanadium extraction level of the weathered stone coal is particularly low, so that the vanadium-containing resources cannot be efficiently utilized, and the huge market demand cannot be met. Therefore, how to realize the high-efficiency vanadium extraction from the stone coal has important significance for relieving the situation of the shortage of vanadium resources in China.
Patent CN 103290215A relates to a method for strengthening concentrated acid curing leaching of vanadium from stone coal, and the leaching rate of vanadium can be improved by regulating and controlling factors such as temperature, pressure and the like in the curing process. But has the defects of large consumption of concentrated acid, high corrosion to equipment and high subsequent environmental protection pressure. Patent CN 110029235a proposes a method for extracting vanadium by hot-water leaching after stone coal fine ore is mixed with acid and cured, and the leaching rate of vanadium can be improved to a certain extent by regulating and controlling the hydrothermal leaching conditions, but for vanadium minerals existing at low price, the method lacks an oxidation process, and the leaching process needs to be optimized. Patent CN 109881002A proposes to introduce NO into stone coal acid leaching stirring tank2The gas is used as an oxidant, and the low-valence vanadium can be oxidized during acid leaching, so that the leaching rate of the vanadium is improved. But NO2The gas is toxic and harmful gas, is easy to dissolve in water to generate strong acid, and has safety and environmental problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing stone coal treatment technology, the invention provides a method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing, curing and strengthening of stone coal vanadium ore.
The method of the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
1. crushing stone coal vanadium ore blocks with the particle size of 10-200 mm to 2-10 mm to prepare stone coal ore particles; grinding stone coal ore particles to be more than 50% of parts with the particle size of-0.074 mm to prepare stone coal ore powder;
2. a suspension roasting device with a combustion station arranged at the lower part and a draught fan communicated with the top is adopted; introducing air and fuel gas into a combustion station to combust to generate hot flue gas under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, and then introducing the hot flue gas into a suspension roasting device; meanwhile, conveying the stone coal mineral powder into the suspension roasting device, wherein the stone coal mineral powder enters from a feed inlet at the upper part of the suspension roasting device; under the negative pressure condition, the stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of high-temperature airflow, is heated to 700-900 ℃ for heat storage roasting, and then is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the suspension roasting device;
3. conveying the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder into a decarburization roasting device with the top communicated with an induced draft fan, and introducing air into the decarburization roasting device under the condition of starting the induced draft fan; the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder enters from the upper part of the decarburization roasting device, and air enters from the bottom of the decarburization roasting device; the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, decarburization roasting is carried out at the temperature of 500-800 ℃, most coal components in the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder are subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air, generated gas is removed, and the remaining decarburization material taking clay minerals as main components is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the decarburization roasting device;
4. the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a crystal breaking roasting device provided with an electric heating device, wherein the top of the crystal breaking roasting device is communicated with a draught fan; introducing mixed gas consisting of air and nitrogen into the crystal breaking roasting device under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, and simultaneously conveying the decarburized material into the crystal breaking roasting device; the decarburized material enters from the upper part of the crystal breaking roasting device, and the mixed gas enters from the bottom of the crystal breaking roasting device; the decarbonization material is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, the temperature of the decarbonization material is controlled to be 750-900 ℃ by adjusting the flow of the electric heating device and the mixed gas, aluminum oxygen octahedron crystals and silicon oxygen tetrahedron crystals in the decarbonization material are destroyed, so that vanadium is exposed from the crystals and is subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air to generate vanadium oxide, and the formed crystal breaking roasting material is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the crystal breaking roasting device;
5. adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the water accounts for 5-15% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of all the materials; the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 98%; heating the uniformly mixed materials to 140-200 ℃ for curing for 1-5 h, reacting vanadium oxide with sulfuric acid to generate vanadium ions, and then cooling to normal temperature to obtain acid-mixed cured materials;
6. mixing the acid-mixed cured material with water, wherein the volume ratio of the water to the acid-mixed cured material is 1-3, heating to 80-95 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out water leaching on vanadium for 2-3 hours to dissolve vanadium ions in the water; and filtering and separating the materials after dissolving and extracting vanadium to obtain vanadium-rich liquid and filter residues, wherein vanadium ions enter the vanadium-rich liquid.
The stone coal vanadium ore block contains V according to mass percentage2O50.9～1.3％。
In the step 1, the stone coal ore particles are ground to be more than 90 percent of the part with the particle size of-0.038 mm,
in the step 2, the retention time of the stone coal mineral powder in the suspension roasting device is 20-70 s, and the formed heat-storage stone coal mineral powder is discharged.
The fuel gas is selected from natural gas, coal gas, coke oven gas or blast furnace gas.
In the step 3, the heat accumulation stone coal mineral powder stays in the decarburization roasting device for 10-30 min to form a decarburization material, and the decarburization material is discharged.
In the step 4, the volume ratio of air to nitrogen in the mixed gas is 2-4.
In the step 4, the reaction formula of the oxidation reaction is:
2V2O3+O2＝2V2O4、
2V7O13+O2＝7V2O4and
2V2O4+O2＝2V2O5。
in the step 4, the retention time of the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device is 30-70 min, and the formed crystal breaking roasting material is discharged.
In the step 5, the leaching rate of vanadium is 92-98%.
According to the method, after heat storage roasting, most coal is burnt and removed through decarburization roasting in a suspension state, sintering or vitreous body phenomena caused by uneven reaction and over-high local temperature are prevented by controlling the temperature, and vanadium in the coal is enriched in ash after the coal is burnt; the process can remove the components of the adsorbed water, the crystal water and other volatile matters in the mineral powder, and provides a decarbonized material with uniform property for the next operation; then, the high-efficiency destruction of clay mineral crystals is realized through crystal breaking roasting, and the high-efficiency destruction of aluminum octahedron and silicon-oxygen tetrahedron crystals in the clay minerals enables vanadium in the clay minerals to be exposed in a similar homography form, so that oxidation reaction is carried out; finally, vanadium is fully reacted with sulfuric acid through reinforced acid mixing curing, and finally the vanadium is dissolved out through water immersion.
The method can effectively improve the oxidation rate and leaching rate of vanadium in the stone coal; the stone coal is pretreated by suspension roasting, so that the adaptability of the acid-mixing curing method to stone coal raw ores is enhanced, and the effect of treating primary stone coal is good; the roasting mode of heat storage, decarburization and crystal breaking roasting which are carried out step by step is adopted, so that the energy utilization rate is effectively improved, and the stability of crystal breaking roasting and the oxidation effect of vanadium are improved; the method has the advantages of high vanadium leaching rate, simple process, energy-saving and environment-friendly equipment and easy realization of industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid-mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a regenerative baking step in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a flow of a decarburization roasting step in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the step of decrystallization and calcination in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the crushing equipment is a jaw crusher or a disc crusher.
The grinding equipment adopted in the embodiment of the invention is a ball mill or a high-pressure roller mill.
The main phases of the vanadium-containing stone coal block in the embodiment of the invention are quartz and vanadium mica, or quartz and illite; in all vanadium elements, V (IV) accounts for 6-8% by mass, V (V) accounts for 2-4% by mass, and the balance is V (III).
In the embodiment of the invention, air is introduced through an air compressor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the air inlet amount is 3-7 m when the decarburization reaction is carried out on every 50kg of stone coal mineral powder3The introduction amount of air is 5-8 m during the crystal breaking roasting3/h。
An electric heating device is arranged outside the crystal breaking and roasting device in the embodiment of the invention.
The air distribution plates are arranged in the suspension roasting device (heat storage roasting device), the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device in the embodiment of the invention, and air and mixed gas enter the suspension roasting device, the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device through the air distribution plates and are discharged through air outlets at the tops of the suspension roasting device, the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device; the top parts of the suspension roasting device, the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device are provided with a feeding hole and an air outlet; the side walls of the suspension roasting device, the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device are provided with discharge ports which are positioned above the air distribution plate.
The fuel gas in the embodiment of the invention is selected from natural gas, coal gas, coke oven gas or blast furnace gas.
The mass concentration of the sulfuric acid solution in the examples of the present invention was 98%.
In the embodiment of the invention, a dust removal device is arranged between the induced draft fan and the suspension roasting device, the decarburization roasting device and the crystal breaking roasting device.
Example 1
The flow is shown in figure 1;
the stone coal vanadium ore block contains V according to the mass percentage2O50.9～1.3％，K2O、Al2O3、CaO、TiO2、P2O5And the mass percentage of C is respectively 3.54%, 12.58%, 3.37%, 1.23%, 0.67% and 15.75%; crushing stone coal vanadium ore blocks with the particle size of 10-200 mm to 2-10 mm to prepare stone coal ore particles; grinding stone coal ore particles to-0.074 mm mass content of 65% to prepare stone coal ore powder;
a suspension roasting device with a combustion station arranged at the lower part and an induced draft fan communicated with the top is adopted, air and fuel gas are introduced into the combustion station to be combusted under the condition of opening the induced draft fan to generate hot flue gas, and then the hot flue gas enters the suspension roasting device; meanwhile, conveying the stone coal mineral powder into the suspension roasting device, wherein the stone coal mineral powder enters from a feed inlet at the upper part of the suspension roasting device; the stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, and is heated to 700 ℃ for heat storage roasting, and then the formed heat storage stone coal mineral powder is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the suspension roasting device; the retention time of the stone coal mineral powder in the suspension roasting device is 70s (suspension preheating is completed, and a heat storage product is obtained); the flow is shown in FIG. 2;
conveying the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder into a decarburization roasting device with the top communicated with an induced draft fan, and introducing air into the decarburization roasting device under the condition of starting the induced draft fan; the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder enters from the upper part of the decarburization roasting device, and air enters from the bottom of the decarburization roasting device; the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, decarburization roasting is carried out at the temperature of 500 ℃, most coal components in the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder are subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air, generated gas is removed, and the residual decarburization material taking clay minerals as main components is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the decarburization roasting device; the retention time of the heat accumulation stone coal mineral powder in the decarburization roasting device is 30min (a decarburization product is obtained); the flow is shown in FIG. 3;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a crystal breaking roasting device provided with an electric heating device, wherein the top of the crystal breaking roasting device is communicated with a draught fan; introducing mixed gas consisting of air and nitrogen into the crystal breaking roasting device under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, wherein the volume ratio of the air to the nitrogen in the mixed gas is 2; simultaneously conveying the decarburized material into a crystal breaking roasting device; the decarburized material enters from the upper part of the crystal breaking roasting device, and the mixed gas enters from the bottom of the crystal breaking roasting device; the decarbonized material is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, the temperature of the decarbonized material is controlled at 750 ℃ by adjusting the flow of the electric heating device and the mixed gas, so that aluminum oxy octahedral crystals and silicon oxy tetrahedral crystals in the decarbonized material are destroyed, vanadium is exposed from the crystals and is subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air to generate vanadium oxide, and the formed crystal-breaking roasting material is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the crystal-breaking roasting device; the retention time of the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device is 70min (obtaining a roasted product); the flow is shown in FIG. 4;
adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the water accounts for 5% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 20% of the total mass of all the materials; heating the uniformly mixed materials to 200 ℃ for curing for 1h, reacting vanadium oxide with sulfuric acid to generate vanadium ions, and then cooling to normal temperature to obtain acid-mixed cured materials;
mixing the acid-mixed cured material with water, wherein the volume ratio of the water to the acid-mixed cured material is 1, heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and leaching vanadium in water for 3 hours to dissolve vanadium ions in the water; and filtering and separating the materials after dissolving and extracting vanadium to obtain vanadium-rich liquid and filter residues, wherein vanadium ions enter the vanadium-rich liquid, and the leaching rate of vanadium is 92.12%.
Example 2
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the stone coal vanadium ore block contains V according to the mass percentage2O50.93％，Al2O3The mass percentages of CaO and C are respectively 11.32%, 4.43% and 10.15%; the stone coal ore particles are ground to a mass of-0.074 mmThe content of the amount is 75 percent;
(2) heat-storage roasting the stone coal mineral powder at 750 ℃, and keeping the stone coal mineral powder in a suspension roasting device for 50 s;
(3) decarburizing and roasting at the temperature of 600 ℃, and keeping the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder in a decarburizing and roasting device for 20 min;
(4) the volume ratio of air to nitrogen in the mixed gas is 3; controlling the temperature of the decarburized material at 800 ℃, and keeping the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device for 60 min;
(5) adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the water accounts for 10% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 30% of the total mass of all the materials; curing at 180 ℃ for 3 h;
(6) the volume ratio of the water to the acid-mixed cured material is 2, the vanadium is extracted by water at 85 ℃ for 2.5h, and the leaching rate of the vanadium is 93.59 percent.
Example 3
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) grinding stone coal ore particles to-0.038 mm part mass content of 90%;
(2) heat-storage roasting the stone coal mineral powder at 800 ℃, and keeping the stone coal mineral powder in a suspension roasting device for 30 s;
(3) decarburizing and roasting at the temperature of 700 ℃, and keeping the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder in a decarburizing and roasting device for 15 min;
(4) the volume ratio of air to nitrogen in the mixed gas is 3.5; controlling the temperature of the decarburized material at 850 ℃, wherein the retention time of the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device is 50 min;
(5) adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the water accounts for 10% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 35% of the total mass of all the materials; curing at 160 ℃ for 4 h;
(6) the volume ratio of water to the acid-mixed cured material is 2.5, the vanadium is extracted by water at 90 ℃ for 2.5h, and the leaching rate of the vanadium is 96.88 percent.
Example 4
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) grinding stone coal ore particles to 95 percent of part with the mass content of-0.038 mm;
(2) performing heat storage roasting on the stone coal mineral powder at 900 ℃, and keeping the stone coal mineral powder in a suspension roasting device for 20 s;
(3) decarburizing and roasting at 800 ℃, and keeping the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder in a decarburizing and roasting device for 10 min;
(4) the volume ratio of air to nitrogen in the mixed gas is 4; controlling the temperature of the decarburized material at 900 ℃, and keeping the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device for 30 min;
(5) adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the water accounts for 15% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 40% of the total mass of all the materials; curing at 140 ℃ for 5 h;
(6) the volume ratio of water to the acid-mixed cured material is 3, the vanadium is extracted by water at 95 ℃ for 2 hours, and the leaching rate of the vanadium is 97.2 percent.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing stone coal vanadium ore blocks with the particle size of 10-200 mm to 2-10 mm to prepare stone coal ore particles; grinding stone coal ore particles to be more than 50% of parts with the particle size of-0.074 mm to prepare stone coal ore powder;
(2) a suspension roasting device with a combustion station arranged at the lower part and a draught fan communicated with the top is adopted; introducing air and fuel gas into a combustion station to combust to generate hot flue gas under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, and then introducing the hot flue gas into a suspension roasting device; meanwhile, conveying the stone coal mineral powder into the suspension roasting device, wherein the stone coal mineral powder enters from a feed inlet at the upper part of the suspension roasting device; under the negative pressure condition, the stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of high-temperature airflow, is heated to 700-900 ℃ for heat storage roasting, and then is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the suspension roasting device;
(3) conveying the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder into a decarburization roasting device with the top communicated with an induced draft fan, and introducing air into the decarburization roasting device under the condition of starting the induced draft fan; the heat-accumulating stone coal mineral powder enters from the upper part of the decarburization roasting device, and air enters from the bottom of the decarburization roasting device; the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, decarburization roasting is carried out at the temperature of 500-800 ℃, most coal components in the heat-storage stone coal mineral powder are subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air, generated gas is removed, and the remaining decarburization material taking clay minerals as main components is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the decarburization roasting device;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a crystal breaking roasting device provided with an electric heating device, wherein the top of the crystal breaking roasting device is communicated with a draught fan; introducing mixed gas consisting of air and nitrogen into the crystal breaking roasting device under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, and simultaneously conveying the decarburized material into the crystal breaking roasting device; the decarburized material enters from the upper part of the crystal breaking roasting device, and the mixed gas enters from the bottom of the crystal breaking roasting device; the decarbonization material is in a suspension state under the action of airflow under the condition of negative pressure, the temperature of the decarbonization material is controlled to be 750-900 ℃ by adjusting the flow of the electric heating device and the mixed gas, aluminum oxygen octahedron crystals and silicon oxygen tetrahedron crystals in the decarbonization material are destroyed, so that vanadium is exposed from the crystals and is subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air to generate vanadium oxide, and the formed crystal breaking roasting material is discharged from a discharge port on the side wall of the crystal breaking roasting device;
(5) adding water and a sulfuric acid solution into the crystal breaking roasting material, and stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the water accounts for 5-15% of the total mass of all the materials, and the sulfuric acid solution accounts for 20-40% of the total mass of all the materials; the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 98%; heating the uniformly mixed materials to 140-200 ℃ for curing for 1-5 h, reacting vanadium oxide with sulfuric acid to generate vanadium ions, and then cooling to normal temperature to obtain acid-mixed cured materials;
(6) mixing the acid-mixed cured material with water, wherein the volume ratio of the water to the acid-mixed cured material is 1-3, heating to 80-95 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out water leaching on vanadium for 2-3 hours to dissolve vanadium ions in the water; and filtering and separating the materials after dissolving and extracting vanadium to obtain vanadium-rich liquid and filter residues, wherein vanadium ions enter the vanadium-rich liquid.
2. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing and curing of stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the stone coal vanadium ore block contains V according to mass percentage2O50.9～1.3％。
3. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid-mixing and curing of the stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the retention time of the stone coal mineral powder in the suspension roasting device is 20-70 s, and the formed heat-storage stone coal mineral powder is discharged.
4. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid-mixing, curing and acid-mixing of stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel gas is selected from natural gas, coal gas, coke oven gas or blast furnace gas.
5. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid-mixing, curing and vanadium-mixing of stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the heat-accumulated stone coal mineral powder stays in the decarburization roasting device for 10-30 min to form a decarburization material, and the decarburization material is discharged.
6. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid-mixing, curing and acid-mixing of stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the volume ratio of air to nitrogen in the mixed gas is 2-4.
7. The method for multistage roasting, acid-mixing, curing and vanadium extraction of the stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the retention time of the decarburized material in the crystal breaking roasting device is 30-70 min, and the formed crystal breaking roasted material is discharged.
8. The method for extracting vanadium by multistage roasting, acid mixing, curing and acid mixing of stone coal vanadium ore according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the leaching rate of vanadium is 92-98%.
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