CN111304411A - Laser quenching machining method for engine cylinder - Google Patents
Laser quenching machining method for engine cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111304411A CN111304411A CN202010312513.1A CN202010312513A CN111304411A CN 111304411 A CN111304411 A CN 111304411A CN 202010312513 A CN202010312513 A CN 202010312513A CN 111304411 A CN111304411 A CN 111304411A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine cylinder processing, and discloses a laser quenching processing method of an engine cylinder, which comprises the following steps: cleaning a cylinder body to be processed and then placing the cylinder body on laser quenching equipment; aligning a first machining hole of the cylinder body to a machining station of laser quenching equipment, adjusting the position of a laser head of a laser in the laser quenching equipment, adjusting the laser focal length and the output power of the laser, and setting quenching machining parameters; starting a laser, moving a laser head in a first machining hole along the vertical direction, rotating a cylinder body clockwise, quenching the cylinder body by the light emitted by the laser, resetting the laser head after the quenching is finished, and stopping the rotation of the cylinder body; aligning the second machining hole of the cylinder body with a machining station of laser quenching equipment, and carrying out quenching machining by using the same method until the four machining holes of the cylinder body are machined; and honing the inner hole of the cylinder body after laser quenching to form a smooth inner surface. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high processing precision and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine cylinder body processing, and particularly relates to a laser quenching processing method for an engine cylinder body.
Background
With the further development of the engine field, the engine is required to: the power consumption is less, the power is stronger, the oil consumption is less, the emission is lower, the service life is longer, and the economy is better.
The problems of cavitation erosion, abrasion, insufficient lubrication and the like in the motion of the cylinder sleeve in the cylinder body always troubles various manufacturers. The damage condition analysis of the internal combustion engine is enhanced, the performance of the wear-resistant material of the engine cylinder body is improved, the improvement method is researched, and the loss reduction is more and more attracted by people. The cylinder body of the engine is an important index for measuring the durability of the internal combustion engine, and the cylinder body of the engine has a severe working environment, bears the impact of high temperature and high pressure and the reciprocating friction of piston rings, is quickly worn and is easy to generate a cylinder pulling phenomenon. Therefore, the service life of the internal combustion engine is prolonged, and the wear resistance of the engine cylinder body is improved more urgently.
The laser quenching is a quenching process which takes a high-power laser beam of a laser as an energy source, heats the surface of a workpiece at a very high speed and mainly carries out self-cooling hardening. The existing laser quenching cylinder body technology uses the traditional CO as equipment2The laser quenching machine has the advantages of high equipment failure rate, low production efficiency, high rejection rate, complex operation and high manufacturing and using cost, the reflection of laser on a cylinder body is reduced by cleaning, phosphorization or painting and the like before processing, and the required process requirements can be met by repeatedly processing the cylinder body for many times.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the invention aims to provide a laser quenching processing method for an engine cylinder block, which can meet the process requirements by one-time processing, is simple to operate and high in processing efficiency, and can finish one cylinder hole of the engine cylinder block within 1-3 min.
The invention provides a laser quenching processing method of an engine cylinder, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning a cylinder body to be processed, and placing the cylinder body on laser quenching equipment;
2) aligning a first machining hole of a cylinder body with a machining station of laser quenching equipment, adjusting a laser head of a laser in the laser quenching equipment to be on the axis of the first machining hole, adjusting the laser focal length and the output power of the laser according to the size of the machining hole, the appearance of the laser quenching and the technological requirements of quenching machining, setting quenching machining parameters, closing the laser, and performing idle running for one cycle;
3) starting a laser, moving a laser head in the first machining hole along the vertical direction according to the parameters set in the step 2), rotating a cylinder body clockwise, quenching the cylinder body by the light emitted by the laser, resetting the laser head after the machining is finished, and stopping the rotation of the cylinder body;
4) aligning the second machining hole of the cylinder body to a machining station of laser quenching equipment, carrying out quenching machining by adopting the same method as the first machining hole until the four machining holes of the cylinder body are machined, and taking down the cylinder body from the laser quenching equipment;
5) and (3) placing the cylinder body subjected to laser quenching on honing equipment, and honing the inner hole of the cylinder body to form a smooth inner surface.
According to the invention, in step 1), the cleaned cylinder body is free of burrs, oil stains and rust. And hoisting the engine cylinder body to the laser quenching equipment by using a travelling crane, and fixing the position.
Preferably, the laser is a semiconductor laser. The high-power semiconductor laser is utilized, and the process requirements can be met by one-time processing without phosphorization and painting.
The processing method is suitable for cylinder bodies with holes of various sizes, and only the processing parameters are required to be adjusted according to the size of the processed hole. Preferably, the dimensions of the machining hole include: the diameter of the hole is 80-140mm, the depth of the hole is 143-350mm, the width of the quenching processing part from the upper opening of the processing hole is 8-12mm, and the width from the lower opening of the processing hole is 15-25 mm.
In the present invention, the laser-quenched morphology may include a lattice type or a screw type.
According to a specific embodiment, when the laser quenching appearance is a grid type, in the laser quenching process, a processing mode of cycle interval is adopted, firstly, a laser head moves up and down for one cycle, meanwhile, a cylinder body rotates for one circle, a quenching head is formed at the initial position of the movement of the laser head, then, the laser head stops quenching, the cylinder body rotates, the rotation angle of the cylinder body is determined according to the number of the quenching heads, then, the next round of processing is carried out according to the previous mode until the last quenching head is formed, and the laser quenching processing is finished; the moving height of the laser head is the height of the quenching part in the processing hole, and the quenching time is 1-3 min. In order to ensure the uniformity of the grid, the rotation angle of the cylinder body when the laser head stops quenching can be determined according to the number of the quenching heads, the quenching processing time of a single cylinder body processing hole can be known according to the rotation time of the cylinder body and the processing time of each quenching head, and vice versa.
According to another specific embodiment, when the laser quenching appearance is a thread shape, in the laser quenching process, the moving height of the laser head is the height of the quenching part in the processing hole, and the quenching processing time is 1-3 min. The thread type can be processed by uniformly distributing threads with equal thread pitches or by arranging the thread pitches in sections, for example, the thread type is divided into two sections, and the two sections can be arranged in a manner of being thin at the top and dense at the bottom or being thin at the bottom.
In the invention, the output power of the laser is 500-1500W, and the depth and the width of the quenching zone are required to be different according to the material of the cylinder body, and the output power of the laser is also different. The quenching process makes the surface of the material at the processing position quickly heated to the phase transition temperature, and the heated position is quickly cooled through the cylinder body after the laser beam leaves, so as to form self-quenching. Preferably, the process requirements of the quenching process include: the quenching hardness HV is more than or equal to 650, the quenching depth is 0.07-0.30mm, and the width of the quenching belt is 2-6 mm.
According to the invention, the idle running is a cycle, namely, the laser quenching equipment is tried to run once according to the program set by the first processing hole, namely, the equipment runs once, and the subsequent processing holes with the same processing parameter setting do not need to be tried to run again.
Preferably, in the step 5), the inner bore of the cylinder body is processed by using the honing head with the oilstone, the processing time of each inner bore of the cylinder body is 0.5-1min, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface of the inner bore of the cylinder body is less than or equal to 0.2.
The technological parameters which are not limited in the invention are carried out by adopting the conventional methods in the field, for example, honing of the inner hole of the cylinder body, specific setting of processing parameters, setting of laser focal length and laser output power and the like are carried out by adopting the conventional technical means.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses the high power laser beam of the semiconductor laser, and matches with the movement and speed of the moving and rotating mechanism on the machine tool; according to the specified program and format; the surface material in the cylinder body of the engine is rapidly heated and hardened; the service performance and the service life requirement of the engine cylinder body are improved. And the operation is simple, the processing efficiency is high, and the processing can be finished in 1-3min of one cylinder hole of the engine cylinder body.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Examples 1 to 2 are for explaining the laser quenching processing method of an engine block of the present invention.
Example 1
A laser quenching processing method for an engine cylinder body comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning a cylinder body to be processed, wherein the cleaned cylinder body is free of burrs, oil stains and rust, hoisting the cleaned cylinder body on laser quenching equipment by using a travelling crane, and fixing the position of the cylinder body;
2) aligning a first processing hole of a cylinder body with a processing station of laser quenching equipment, adjusting a laser head of a semiconductor laser in the laser quenching equipment to the first processing hole, adjusting a laser focal length and output power of the laser according to the size of the processing hole, the appearance of the laser quenching equipment and the technological requirements of quenching processing, setting a moving parameter of the laser head and a rotating parameter of the cylinder body, closing the laser, and performing idle running for one cycle;
3) starting a laser, moving a laser head in the first machining hole along the vertical direction according to the parameters set in the step 2), rotating a cylinder body clockwise, quenching the cylinder body by the light emitted by the laser, resetting the laser head after the machining is finished, and stopping the rotation of the cylinder body;
4) aligning the second machining hole of the cylinder body to a machining station of laser quenching equipment, carrying out quenching machining by adopting the same method as the first machining hole until the four machining holes of the cylinder body are machined, and taking down the cylinder body from the laser quenching equipment;
5) and placing the cylinder body subjected to laser quenching on honing equipment, and honing the inner hole of the cylinder body by using a honing head with oilstone, wherein the processing time of each inner hole of the cylinder body is 0.5min, so that a smooth inner surface is formed, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface is less than or equal to 0.2.
The size of each processing hole of cylinder body includes: the diameter of the hole is 115mm, the depth of the hole is 182mm, the width of the quenching part from the upper opening of the processing hole is 10mm, the width from the lower opening of the processing hole is 20mm, and the quenching stroke is 152 mm.
The laser quenching appearance is a grid type, in the laser quenching process, a processing mode of cycle interval is adopted, firstly, a laser head moves up and down for a cycle, meanwhile, a cylinder body rotates for a circle, a quenching head is formed at the initial position of the movement of the laser head, then, the laser head stops quenching, the cylinder body rotates, the next round of processing is carried out according to the previous mode until the last quenching head is formed, the laser quenching processing is finished, and the number of the quenching heads is 21; the moving height of the laser head is 152mm, and the quenching processing time is 3 min.
The process requirements of quenching processing comprise: the quenching hardness HV is more than or equal to 650, the quenching depth is 0.1mm, and the width of the quenching belt is 2 mm. The output power of the laser was set at 800W.
The laser quenching grid obtained by the processing method is uniform, the butt joint transition at the beginning and the end is natural, the straightness of the quenching zone is good, the quenching zone does not vibrate and accords with relevant regulations, the quenching processing time of a single cylinder hole is 3min, and the efficiency is high.
Example 2
A laser quenching processing method for an engine cylinder body comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning a cylinder body to be processed, wherein the cleaned cylinder body is free of burrs, oil stains and rust, hoisting the cleaned cylinder body on laser quenching equipment by using a travelling crane, and fixing the position of the cylinder body;
2) aligning a first processing hole of a cylinder body with a processing station of laser quenching equipment, adjusting a laser head of a semiconductor laser in the laser quenching equipment to the first processing hole, adjusting laser focal length and output power according to the size of the processing hole, the appearance of the laser quenching equipment and the technological requirements of quenching processing, setting a moving parameter of the laser head and a rotating parameter of the cylinder body, closing the laser, and performing idle running for one cycle;
3) starting a laser, moving a laser head in the first machining hole along the vertical direction according to the parameters set in the step 2), rotating a cylinder body clockwise, quenching the cylinder body by the light emitted by the laser, resetting the laser head after the machining is finished, and stopping the rotation of the cylinder body;
4) aligning the second machining hole of the cylinder body to a machining station of laser quenching equipment, carrying out quenching machining by adopting the same method as the first machining hole until the four machining holes of the cylinder body are machined, and taking down the cylinder body from the laser quenching equipment;
5) and placing the cylinder body subjected to laser quenching on honing equipment, and honing the inner hole of the cylinder body by using a honing head with oilstone, wherein the processing time of each inner hole of the cylinder body is 0.5min, so that a smooth inner surface is formed, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface is less than or equal to 0.2.
The sizes of the machining holes of the cylinder body comprise: the diameter of the hole is 115mm, the depth of the hole is 182mm, the width of the quenching part from the upper opening of the processing hole is 10mm, the width from the lower opening of the processing hole is 20mm, and the quenching stroke is 152 mm.
The appearance of the laser quenching type is a thread type, in the laser quenching process, the moving height of a laser head is 152mm, threads are uniform, the thread pitch is 2mm, and the quenching processing time is 1 min.
The process requirements of quenching processing comprise: the quenching hardness HV is more than or equal to 650, the quenching depth is 0.15mm, and the width of the quenching belt is 3 mm. The output power of the laser was set to 1000W.
The laser quenching thread obtained by the processing method has good straightness of the quenching belt, has no vibration and accords with relevant regulations, and the quenching processing of a single cylinder hole takes 1min and has high efficiency.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the illustrated embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. The laser quenching processing method of the engine cylinder body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) cleaning a cylinder body to be processed, and placing the cylinder body on laser quenching equipment;
2) aligning a first machining hole of a cylinder body with a machining station of laser quenching equipment, adjusting a laser head of a laser in the laser quenching equipment to be on the axis of the first machining hole, adjusting the laser focal length and the output power of the laser according to the size of the machining hole, the appearance of the laser quenching and the technological requirements of quenching machining, setting quenching machining parameters, closing the laser, and performing idle running for one cycle;
3) starting a laser, moving a laser head in the first machining hole along the vertical direction according to the parameters set in the step 2), rotating a cylinder body clockwise, quenching the cylinder body by the light emitted by the laser, resetting the laser head after the machining is finished, and stopping the rotation of the cylinder body;
4) aligning the second machining hole of the cylinder body to a machining station of laser quenching equipment, carrying out quenching machining by adopting the same method as the first machining hole until the four machining holes of the cylinder body are machined, and taking down the cylinder body from the laser quenching equipment;
5) and (3) placing the cylinder body subjected to laser quenching on honing equipment, and honing the inner hole of the cylinder body to form a smooth inner surface.
2. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the cleaned cylinder body has no burrs, oil stains and rusts.
3. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser is a semiconductor laser.
4. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dimensions of the machined hole include: the diameter of the hole is 80-140mm, the depth of the hole is 143-350mm, the width of the quenching processing part from the upper opening of the processing hole is 8-12mm, and the width from the lower opening of the processing hole is 15-25 mm.
5. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser quenching type appearance comprises a grid type or a thread type.
6. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the appearance of the laser quenching is a grid type, in the laser quenching process, a processing mode of cycle interval is adopted, firstly, a laser head moves up and down for a cycle, meanwhile, a cylinder body rotates for a circle, a quenching head is formed at the initial position of the movement of the laser head, then, the laser head stops quenching, the cylinder body rotates, the rotation angle of the cylinder body is determined according to the number of the quenching heads, then, the next round of processing is carried out according to the previous mode until the last quenching head is formed, and the laser quenching processing is finished; the moving height of the laser head is the height of the quenching part in the processing hole, and the quenching time is 1-3 min.
7. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the laser quenching appearance is a thread shape, in the laser quenching process, the moving height of the laser head is the height of a quenching processing part in a processing hole, and the quenching processing time is 1-3 min.
8. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process requirements of quenching processing comprise: the quenching hardness HV is more than or equal to 650, the quenching depth is 0.07-0.30mm, and the width of the quenching belt is 2-6 mm.
9. The laser quenching machining method of an engine block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), the inner hole of the cylinder body is processed by the honing head with the oilstone, the processing time of each inner hole of the cylinder body is 0.5-1min, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface of the inner hole of the cylinder body is less than or equal to 0.2.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010312513.1A CN111304411A (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Laser quenching machining method for engine cylinder |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010312513.1A CN111304411A (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Laser quenching machining method for engine cylinder |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114480816A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-05-13 | 嘉应学院 | Self-adaptive laser heat treatment device for cylinder sleeve |
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| JP2010024515A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-04 | Fuji Electronics Industry Co Ltd | Induction heating device |
| CN102039485A (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-05-04 | 韦斌 | Application of laser boning technology in ship cylinder sleeves |
| CN102179630A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-09-14 | 江苏大学 | Laser micromachining device for surface of engine cylinder and machining method of laser micromachining device |
| CN102465196A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 徐金兰 | Surface hardening process |
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2020
- 2020-04-20 CN CN202010312513.1A patent/CN111304411A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87107467A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1988-07-13 | 宜春风动工具厂 | A kind of lazer heat treatment technique of IC engine cylinder bore |
| JP2010024515A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-04 | Fuji Electronics Industry Co Ltd | Induction heating device |
| CN102039485A (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-05-04 | 韦斌 | Application of laser boning technology in ship cylinder sleeves |
| CN102465196A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 徐金兰 | Surface hardening process |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114480816A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-05-13 | 嘉应学院 | Self-adaptive laser heat treatment device for cylinder sleeve |
| CN114480816B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-08-23 | 嘉应学院 | Self-adaptive laser heat treatment device for cylinder sleeve |
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Application publication date: 20200619 |