CN111303962A - Lubricating oil additive - Google Patents
Lubricating oil additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111303962A CN111303962A CN202010214209.3A CN202010214209A CN111303962A CN 111303962 A CN111303962 A CN 111303962A CN 202010214209 A CN202010214209 A CN 202010214209A CN 111303962 A CN111303962 A CN 111303962A
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- heavy oil
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 abstract description 65
- 239000012533 medium component Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008857 Ferritin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050000784 Ferritin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000008416 Ferritin Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007659 chevron notched beam method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011807 nanoball Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000000546 Apoferritins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002084 Apoferritins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011806 microball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005515 organic divalent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a lubricating oil additive. The technical scheme comprises the following steps: 1) adding metal simple substances into the petroleum heavy oil to accelerate the formation speed of the nano carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres; 2) pumping heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing, and forming nano carbon liquid crystal balls in the petroleum heavy oil through thermal polymerization; 3) n, O, S impurities in the heavy oil are removed through hydrofining and cracking, a part of light components, middle components and heavy components are cracked, and most of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres are dissolved in the middle components; 4) the oily liquid is used as a high-performance lubricating oil additive. The beneficial effects are that: the process directly removes N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil from the hydrofined and cracked medium components to be used as the high-performance lubricating oil additive, has simple preparation process, energy conservation and environmental protection, is easy to popularize, and provides a new way for developing and utilizing the petroleum heavy oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lubricating oil additive, in particular to a preparation method of a lubricating oil additive.
Background
Lubricating oils have found widespread use in the national economy, particularly in the mechanical industry. In the 21 st century, many working conditions exceed the use limit of conventional lubricating oil, and high-temperature lubricating oil suitable for the working conditions is urgently needed, so that a more severe use environment is met. In order to improve the performance of the lubricant, a solid lubricant additive, which generally comprises graphite, a disulfide key, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., is often added to the lubricant. But it has problems that: when the graphite is used in an oxygen-containing environment at the temperature higher than 325 ℃, the boundary carbon atoms are easily oxidized with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide, so that the surface structure of the graphite is changed and the lubricating effect is lost, and further the graphite can be dispersed, cracked and even broken from the edge, and the like, thereby reducing the service timeliness of the graphite; both the sulfur and tungsten disulfide are easy to react with oxygen at high temperature to generate sulfur, so that when the sulfur reacts with water vapor to generate sulfuric acid, metal objects and oil seals in the machine may be corroded, and the machine may be damaged. Even though the high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene is used as an additive, the polytetrafluoroethylene can be continuously heated to generate a gelling film-forming phenomenon under the environment of more than 400 ℃, so when the polytetrafluoroethylene is added into a cylinder, a gelled teflon film is adhered to the wall of the cylinder, and the teflon is peeled off when a piston is repeatedly brushed, so that the mechanical is seriously blocked, and the adverse effect is caused.
The heavy petroleum oil mainly contains hydrocarbons, and further contains a part (about 0.1 to 4%) of sulfur and a trace amount of inorganic compounds. The fuel oil is mainly used for large steam turbine boilers, but because of the appearance of the existing high-power gas turbine and the pollution of heavy oil combustion to the environment, the existing heavy oil boiler is almost eliminated. The current research on heavy oils is mainly the cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons, with the aim of obtaining light diesel or kerosene by cracking heavy oils.
Currently, the petroleum heavy oil industry, which is very sensitive to oil price, is very difficult to meet by international crude oil market fluctuation and world economy, and faces serious challenges. How to fully apply the heavy oil and the tar sand to the industrial development and leave a clean environment for descendants at the same time also becomes a common subject faced by the world petroleum industry.
The technical scheme of the lubricating oil additive is that the lubricating oil additive comprises 0.1-23 wt% of nano carbon spheres, 0.1-25 wt% of nano aluminum nitride spheres, 1-20 wt% of a viscosity regulator, 1-33 wt% of a dispersant, 1-28 wt% of a defoaming agent and 1-15 wt% of an oil-soluble organic divalent metal, and the nano carbon spheres have a particle size of 2-200 nm. Therefore, the lubricating oil additive can fill cracks in an engine room through excellent lubricating property, reduce the mutual friction force between parts, further relatively reduce the use amount of fuel oil and achieve the effect of low fuel consumption. However, the method for preparing the nano carbon spheres is not disclosed, and the method for preparing the nano carbon spheres from petroleum heavy oil is not disclosed.
Chinese patent document No. 101857218A, patent name "A method for preparing carbon nanospheres", mainly uses acetylene as raw material and hydrogen as carrier, the acetylene and hydrogen are thrown into the gas storage tank according to a certain proportion, the temperature and pressure of mixed gas in the gas storage tank are controlled, the inner container of the arc plasma generator is vacuumized, the mixed gas is introduced, the mixed gas pressure of the inner container of the arc plasma generator is controlled, the discharge voltage, discharge frequency and discharge time of the arc plasma generator are controlled, the carbon nanospheres are generated in the inner container of the arc plasma generator, the obtained carbon nanospheres are in a scale-shaped graphite structure, the diameter of the carbon nanosphere spheres is 10-18 nm, and the specific surface area is larger than 420m 2/g.
Chinese patent publication No. 101125648B, entitled "a method for preparing carbon nanoball", discloses a method for preparing carbon nanoball using ferritin (ferricin) as a raw material, and making use of a self-forming spherical shell structure of biological apoferritin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: deferrization of ferritin, inorganic salt filling and dispersion, vacuum freeze drying, vacuum or protective atmosphere sintering, washing and drying; the method can also be as follows: inorganic salt filling and dispersing, vacuum freeze drying, vacuum or protective atmosphere sintering, acid washing, washing and drying to finally prepare the carbon nanosphere. The preparation process has the characteristics of simple process, convenient operation, easy control and high yield. The carbon nanospheres prepared by the method have a spherical cavity structure, the diameter of the sphere is 8-12 nm, the spherical shell is of a flaky graphite structure, the particle size is small, the distribution is uniform, the specific surface area is larger than 400m2/g, the density is small (about 1.3g/m 3), and the carbon nanospheres have rich nanoscale gaps. The hollow carbon nanospheres are considered to have potential huge application prospects in the fields of hydrogen storage, lithium ion negative electrode materials and the like.
In addition, in the ' 05 th year 2013, an article of ' preparation of petroleum asphalt based carbon nanospheres and research on electrochemical properties thereof ' was published, petroleum asphalt was used as a carbon source, the petroleum asphalt was heated to 450 ℃ in the air to prepare Carbon Nanospheres (CNBs), and the carbon nanospheres were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain high-temperature treated carbon nanospheres (H-CNBs) for use in electrode materials, energy storage materials, and the like.
Therefore, none of the above publications discloses a process for preparing a nano-carbon liquid crystal ball by using petroleum heavy oil through a thermal polymerization circulating pipe and adopting a vacuumizing and circulating heating mode, and then performing hydrofining cracking reaction to remove N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil to form a high-performance lubricating oil additive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a lubricating oil additive, wherein a vacuum-pumping circulating heating mode is adopted to prepare nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, and then the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres are subjected to hydrofining cracking reaction to remove N, O, S and other impurities in heavy oil, so that a high-performance lubricating oil additive is formed.
The technical scheme of the lubricating oil additive provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
1) the method comprises the following steps of adding metal simple substances into heavy petroleum oil by using the heavy petroleum oil as a raw material, wherein the adding proportion of the added metal simple substances is 0.2-0.5%, accelerating the formation speed of the nano carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres and controlling the diameters of the nano carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres by adding the metal simple substances;
2) pumping the petroleum heavy oil obtained in the step 1) into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing the thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a vacuum pump, opening the thermal polymerization circulating pipe circulating pump, enabling the petroleum heavy oil to circularly flow in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, heating the circulating pipe by using a thermal polymerization heating furnace, circularly heating the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe, controlling the heating temperature to be 250-300 ℃, controlling the heating time to be 0.5-2 hours, and forming a nano carbonaceous liquid crystal ball with the diameter of 5-50 nanometers in the petroleum heavy oil through thermal polymerization;
3) n, O, S impurities in the petroleum heavy oil after the thermal polymerization process in the step 2) are removed through hydrofining and cracking, a part of light components, middle components and heavy components are cracked, and most of nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed by thermal polymerization are dissolved in the middle components;
4) and (3) centrifugally separating the medium component in the step 3) by a high-temperature centrifuge to obtain an oily liquid containing 55-75% of the nano-carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres, and taking the oily liquid as a high-performance lubricating oil additive.
Preferably, the petroleum heavy oil is guided into a filter from a storage tank to be subjected to deashing and deslagging treatment, and then enters a dehydrating tower to remove the water content of the raw material to be less than 0.5%.
Preferably, in step 3), the petroleum heavy oil after the thermal polymerization process is mixed with pure hydrogen, heated to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, and then injected into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa to perform a hydrofining cracking reaction, so as to remove N, O, S impurities in the heavy oil.
Preferably, the light component, the medium component and the heavy component cracked from the heavy oil in the step 3) are heated by a heating furnace to the temperature of 450-.
Preferably, the metal simple substance is Fe, Ni or Cu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes petroleum heavy oil as raw material, and obtains a high-quality high-temperature lubricating oil additive, namely nano carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres, by controlling the mesophase structure formed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the thermal polymerization process. The material not only has the functions of friction reduction and wear resistance, but also has the functions of filling and repairing to a certain degree in the high-temperature friction process due to the 'micro ball effect' and the 'nano-scale effect'. The novel lubricating material prepared on the basis of the nano carbon liquid crystal ball is applied to a friction system, the performance of high-temperature lubricating oil is improved in an action mode different from that of a traditional lubricating oil additive, rich petroleum asphalt resources in China can be utilized, the potential application value of the high-temperature lubricating oil additive is explored, the localization of the high-temperature lubricating oil additive is accelerated, and a lubricating oil product with special purposes is reasonably prepared. Meanwhile, compared with the common graphite, the nano carbon liquid crystal ball has small scale, light weight, better dispersity and stability in oil, easy reaching of a contact area, rolling effect, and obvious antifriction and antiwear effects similar to those of a nano bearing;
the process directly removes N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil from the hydrofined and cracked medium components to be used as the high-performance lubricating oil additive, has simple preparation process, energy conservation and environmental protection, is easy to popularize, and provides a new way for developing and utilizing the petroleum heavy oil.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1, a method for preparing a lubricating oil additive according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
introducing petroleum heavy oil into a filter from a storage tank for deashing and deslagging treatment, then introducing the petroleum heavy oil into a dehydration tower to reduce the water content of the raw material to be below 0.5%, adding a nano metal simple substance Fe into the petroleum heavy oil according to needs, adding the nano metal simple substance Fe with the addition ratio of 0.2% (mass ratio) into a petroleum heavy oil storage tank, pumping the petroleum heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing the thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a vacuum pump, opening the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, enabling the petroleum heavy oil to circularly flow in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, heating the circulating pipe by using a thermal polymerization heating furnace to circularly heat the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe, controlling the heating temperature to be 250-300 ℃, controlling the heating time to be 0.5 hour, and forming nano carbon liquid crystal spheres with controllable diameters (5-50 nanometers) in the heavy oil through thermal polymerization.
After the heavy oil and pure hydrogen are mixed in the thermal polymerization process, the mixture is heated to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, and then the mixture is pumped into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa for hydrofining and cracking reaction, so that N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil are removed, the heavy oil is subjected to hydrocracking to crack to obtain partial light components, intermediate components and heavy components, and as the density of nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed in the thermal polymerization process is equivalent to (slightly larger than) the intermediate components obtained by cracking the heavy oil, most of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed by thermal polymerization are dissolved in the intermediate components.
Heating the light component, the middle component and the heavy component cracked from the heavy oil to the temperature of 450-470 ℃ by a heating furnace, pumping the light component, the heavy component and the heavy component into a rectifying tower for fractionation, pumping the fractionated light component and the fractionated heavy component into a finished product tank, removing deasphalted oil from the middle component by solvent deasphalting, removing impurities, non-ideal components and paraffin wax from the middle component by raffinate by solvent refining and solvent dewaxing to obtain qualified middle component oil containing nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, centrifugally separating the obtained middle component oil by a high-temperature centrifuge to obtain oily liquid containing 55 mass percent of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, and taking the oily liquid as a high-performance lubricating oil additive.
Further, solvent refining and solvent dewaxing are conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail.
The diameter of the additive nano carbon liquid crystal ball is controllable, the content of the nano carbon liquid crystal ball is controllable, and the requirements of different fields can be met. In addition, compared with the "chemical science report" in 2013, 05 th year, a article "preparation of petroleum asphalt based carbon nanospheres and electrochemical performance research thereof" is published in the comparison document, the comparison document adopts the carbon nanospheres which are prepared at 450 ℃ in the air and have the size of 50-80nm, and the energy consumption is higher under normal pressure due to the adoption of a non-closed structure, and in addition, the carbon nanospheres are treated for 3 hours in 1500 ℃ nitrogen and then used in lithium batteries, so that the method has the following fundamental characteristics: the comparison document belongs to a completely different usage from the present invention, and the comparison document has high energy consumption and is suitable for secondary battery materials or electrode additives of lithium batteries. The invention pumps petroleum heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe through a pump, adopts a vacuum pump to vacuumize the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, opens the thermal polymerization circulating pipe circulating pump, and the petroleum heavy oil circularly flows in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, adopts a thermal polymerization heating furnace to heat the circulating pipe, so that the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe is circularly heated, the heating temperature is controlled at 250-300 ℃, the heating time is controlled at 0.5-2 hours, and nano carbon liquid crystal spheres with controllable diameters (5-50 nanometers) are formed in the heavy oil through thermal polymerization reaction. The preparation method is simple and low in energy consumption, and the heavy oil after the thermal polymerization process is mixed with pure hydrogen, heated to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, and then injected into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa for hydrofining and cracking reaction, so that N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil are removed, and the middle component containing the nano carbon spheres can be obtained and can be used as a lubricating oil additive after simple treatment. The invention creates another application field and method of the petroleum heavy oil, and has very high popularization value.
Example 2, a method for preparing a lubricating oil additive according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
introducing petroleum heavy oil into a filter from a storage tank for deashing and deslagging treatment, then introducing the petroleum heavy oil into a dehydration tower to reduce the water content of the raw material to be below 0.5%, pumping the treated petroleum heavy oil (nano metal simple substance Cu can be added into the heavy oil according to the requirement, the adding proportion is 0.2% (mass ratio) into a petroleum heavy oil storage tank, pumping the petroleum heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing the thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a vacuum pump, opening the thermal polymerization circulating pipe circulating pump, enabling the petroleum heavy oil to circularly flow in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, heating the circulating pipe by using a thermal polymerization heating furnace, circularly heating the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe, controlling the heating temperature to be 250-300 ℃, controlling the heating time to be 2 hours, and forming nano carbon liquid crystal spheres with controllable diameters (5-50 nanometers) in the heavy oil through thermal polymerization reaction.
After the heavy oil and pure hydrogen are mixed in the thermal polymerization process, the mixture is heated to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, and then the mixture is pumped into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa for hydrofining and cracking reaction, so that N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil are removed, the heavy oil is subjected to hydrocracking to crack to obtain partial light components, intermediate components and heavy components, and as the density of nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed in the thermal polymerization process is equivalent to (slightly larger than) the intermediate components obtained by cracking the heavy oil, most of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed by thermal polymerization are dissolved in the intermediate components.
Heating the light component, the middle component and the heavy component cracked from the heavy oil to the temperature of 450-470 ℃ by a heating furnace, pumping the light component, the heavy component and the heavy component into a rectifying tower for fractionation, pumping the fractionated light component and the fractionated heavy component into a finished product tank, removing deasphalted oil from the middle component by solvent deasphalting, removing impurities, non-ideal components and paraffin wax from the middle component by raffinate by solvent refining and solvent dewaxing to obtain qualified middle component oil containing nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, centrifugally separating the obtained middle component oil by a high-temperature centrifuge to obtain oily liquid containing 75 percent (mass ratio) of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, and taking the oily liquid as a high-performance lubricating oil additive.
Example 3 a lubricating oil additive according to the present invention was prepared by the following steps:
introducing petroleum heavy oil into a filter from a storage tank for deashing and deslagging treatment, then introducing the petroleum heavy oil into a dehydration tower to reduce the water content of the raw material to be below 0.5%, pumping the treated petroleum heavy oil (nano metal simple substance Ni can be added into the heavy oil according to the requirement, the adding proportion is 0.4% (mass ratio) into a petroleum heavy oil storage tank, pumping the petroleum heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing the thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a vacuum pump, opening the thermal polymerization circulating pipe circulating pump, enabling the petroleum heavy oil to circularly flow in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, heating the circulating pipe by using a thermal polymerization heating furnace, circularly heating the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe, controlling the heating temperature to be 250-300 ℃, controlling the heating time to be 1.5 hours, and forming nano carbon liquid crystal spheres with controllable diameters (5-50 nanometers) in the heavy oil through thermal polymerization reaction.
After the heavy oil and pure hydrogen are mixed in the thermal polymerization process, the mixture is heated to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, and then the mixture is pumped into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa for hydrofining and cracking reaction, so that N, O, S and other impurities in the heavy oil are removed, the heavy oil is subjected to hydrocracking to crack to obtain partial light components, intermediate components and heavy components, and as the density of nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed in the thermal polymerization process is equivalent to (slightly larger than) the intermediate components obtained by cracking the heavy oil, most of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed by thermal polymerization are dissolved in the intermediate components.
Heating the light component, the middle component and the heavy component cracked from the heavy oil to the temperature of 450-470 ℃ by a heating furnace, pumping the light component, the heavy component and the heavy component into a rectifying tower for fractionation, pumping the fractionated light component and the fractionated heavy component into a finished product tank, removing deasphalted oil from the middle component by solvent deasphalting, removing impurities, non-ideal components and paraffin wax from the middle component by raffinate by solvent refining and solvent dewaxing to obtain qualified middle component oil containing nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, centrifugally separating the obtained middle component oil by a high-temperature centrifuge to obtain oily liquid containing 60 mass percent of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres, and taking the oily liquid as a high-performance lubricating oil additive.
The above description is only a few of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments or modify them into equivalent ones. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made in accordance with the technical solution of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A lubricating oil additive is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
leading petroleum heavy oil into a filter from a storage tank for deashing and deslagging treatment, then leading the petroleum heavy oil into a dehydration tower to reduce the water content of raw materials to be below 0.5%, adding nano metal simple substance Cu into the treated petroleum heavy oil, wherein the adding proportion is 0.2% according to the mass ratio, pumping the petroleum heavy oil into a petroleum heavy oil storage tank, pumping the petroleum heavy oil into a thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a pump, vacuumizing the thermal polymerization circulating pipe by using a vacuum pump, opening the thermal polymerization circulating pipe circulating pump, enabling the petroleum heavy oil to circularly flow in the thermal polymerization circulating pipe, heating the circulating pipe by using a thermal polymerization heating furnace to circularly heat the petroleum heavy oil in the circulating pipe, controlling the heating temperature to be 300 ℃ and the heating time to be 2 hours, and forming nano carbon liquid crystal spheres with the diameter controllable between 5 and 50 nanometers in the heavy oil through thermal polymerization reaction;
mixing heavy oil and pure hydrogen after the thermal polymerization process, heating the mixture to 470 ℃ by a hydrogenation heating furnace, pumping the mixture into a hydrofining reactor and a hydrocracking reactor under the pressure of 16.8MPa for hydrofining cracking reaction, removing N, O, S impurities in the heavy oil, cracking the heavy oil by hydrogenation to obtain partial light components, intermediate components and heavy components, wherein the density of nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed in the thermal polymerization process is equivalent to that of the intermediate components cracked from the heavy oil, and most of the nano-carbon liquid crystal spheres formed by thermal polymerization are dissolved in the intermediate components;
heating the light component, the middle component and the heavy component cracked from the heavy oil to the temperature of 450-470 ℃ by a heating furnace, pumping the light component, the heavy component and the heavy component into a finished product tank, removing deasphalted oil from the middle component by solvent deasphalting, removing impurities, non-ideal components and paraffin wax from the middle component by raffinate by solvent refining and solvent dewaxing to obtain qualified middle component oil containing nano-carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres, centrifugally separating the obtained middle component oil by a high-temperature centrifugal machine to obtain oily liquid containing 75% of the nano-carbonaceous liquid crystal spheres, and taking the oily liquid as a high-performance lubricating oil additive according to the mass ratio.
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| CN201711106036.8A CN107779236B (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | Preparation method for preparing high-performance lubricating oil additive by deep processing of petroleum heavy oil |
| CN202010214209.3A CN111303962A (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | Lubricating oil additive |
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| KR900006577A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-08 | 정명식 | Manufacturing method of anisotropic liquid crystal pitch for carbon fiber manufacturing |
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| CN103642255B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-01-20 | 中国日用化学工业研究院 | A kind of nano modification road petroleum pitch and preparation technology thereof |
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| KR900006577A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-08 | 정명식 | Manufacturing method of anisotropic liquid crystal pitch for carbon fiber manufacturing |
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| CN107779236B (en) | 2020-08-28 |
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