CN111302978A - Synthesis device and synthesis method of alkyl sulfonic acid - Google Patents
Synthesis device and synthesis method of alkyl sulfonic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN111302978A CN111302978A CN202010304649.8A CN202010304649A CN111302978A CN 111302978 A CN111302978 A CN 111302978A CN 202010304649 A CN202010304649 A CN 202010304649A CN 111302978 A CN111302978 A CN 111302978A
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- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/02—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
- C07C303/04—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof by substitution of hydrogen atoms by sulfo or halosulfonyl groups
- C07C303/06—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof by substitution of hydrogen atoms by sulfo or halosulfonyl groups by reaction with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C303/44—Separation; Purification
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid, wherein alkane, SO3 and an electrophilic initiator sequentially enter two reactors connected in series to carry out two-stage reaction, and a secondary product comprises the alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and the electrophilic initiator which are generated by the reaction. And (3) feeding the secondary product into a flash tank, simultaneously conveying the sulfuric acid aqueous solution into the flash tank, extracting unreacted alkane from the top of the flash tank, returning the extracted unreacted SO3 and water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to a primary reactor for cyclic utilization, dissolving the sulfuric acid in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, extracting the concentrated acid, alkyl sulfonic acid and an electrophilic initiator from the bottom of the flash tank, and feeding the concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator into a separation tower for separation. High-purity alkyl sulfonic acid is extracted from the top of the tower, and concentrated acid and an electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the tower and then returned to the first-stage reactor for recycling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid, and relates to the field of chemical industry.
Background
The alkyl sulfonic acid is an organic derivative of sulfuric acid, and structurally, the hydroxyl in the sulfuric acid is substituted by an organic residue, so that the structural general formula of the alkyl sulfonic acid is RSO3H, wherein R represents an organic group. Alkyl sulfonic acids not only have strong acid properties, but also have specific stability against hydrolysis, divalent cations and temperature, and therefore have increasingly wide application ranges in emulsion polymerization, printing and dyeing, oil fields, water treatment industries and the like.
An existing industrial process for the production of alkyl sulfonic acids is the oxidation of alkyl mercaptans or alkyl sulfides, and patent CN201680080333 discloses a process for the preparation of alkyl sulfonic acids by oxidation of alkyl mercaptans, dialkyl disulfides and/or dialkyl polysulfides having 3 to 9 sulfur atoms with an oxidizing agent and a corresponding plant for carrying out an oxidation reaction, wherein additional oxidizing agent is fed to the oxidation reaction if unoxidized alkyl mercaptans and/or unoxidized dialkyl disulfides and/or at least one intermediate of the oxidation of dialkyl disulfides and/or dialkyl polysulfides is present in the reaction output.
The process method for oxidizing alkyl mercaptan or alkyl sulfide is complex, has high energy consumption, more side reactions and complex reaction system, and is easy to generate byproducts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid, alkane and SO3 pass through a secondary reactor to perform autocatalytic reaction to generate high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid, the purity of the alkyl sulfonic acid can reach 99.9%, other reactants are not required to be introduced into the whole reaction system, SO that the product is pure and easy to separate, and the quality of the product is well guaranteed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: delivering alkane and SO3 into a primary reactor and delivering electrophilic initiators at the same time; performing a first-order reaction on alkane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-order product; the first-stage product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and electrophilic initiator generated by reaction;
(2) and (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted alkane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
(3) flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, the unreacted alkane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
(4) separation: and (4) conveying the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) into a separation tower for separation, extracting high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid from the top of the tower, and extracting the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) from the bottom of the tower and then returning the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator to the primary reactor for recycling.
In the above technical solution, in the step (1), the alkane is any one of methane, ethane and propane.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (1), the purity of the SO3 is 100%.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (1), the electrophilic initiator is concentrated sulfuric acid, alkyl sulfonic acid, or a mixture of the two mixed in any proportion.
In the technical scheme, when the electrophilic initiator is concentrated sulfuric acid, the mass concentration of solute in the concentrated sulfuric acid is 95-100%.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (1), the molar ratio of the alkane, the SO3 and the electrophilic initiator is 0.5-1: 0.5-2: 0.005-0.05.
In the above technical solution, in the step (1), the operating conditions of the primary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the pressure is 40-120 bar.
In the above technical solution, in the step (2), the operating conditions of the secondary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the pressure is 40-120 bar.
In the technical scheme, in the step (3), the mass concentration of the solute in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 95-98%, and the mass of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 0.1-5 times of the mass of the SO3 in the step (1).
In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), the operating conditions of the flash tank are 40-80 ℃ and 5-50 bar.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (4), the operation conditions of the separation column are that the temperature at the top of the column is 90-160 ℃, the pressure is-0.8-2 bar, the temperature at the bottom of the column is 130-220 ℃, and the pressure is-0.8-1 bar.
The invention also provides a device for synthesizing the alkyl sulfonic acid, which comprises a primary reactor, a secondary reactor, a flash tank and a separation tower which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that:
the first-stage reactor, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet I, the lateral wall below of opposite side is equipped with discharge gate I, wherein: the feed inlet I is connected with a device capable of providing alkane, SO3 and an electrophilic initiator;
a feed inlet II is arranged above the side wall of one side of the secondary reactor, and a discharge outlet II is arranged below the side wall of the other side of the secondary reactor, wherein the feed inlet II is connected with the discharge outlet I of the primary reactor;
flash tank, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet III, the lateral wall top of opposite side is equipped with sulphuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet, the top is equipped with unreacted alkane discharge gate, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate III, wherein: the feed inlet III is connected with a discharge outlet II of the secondary reactor; the sulfuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet is connected with a device capable of providing sulfuric acid aqueous solution; the discharge hole of the unreacted alkane is connected with the feed inlet I of the first-stage reactor;
the knockout tower, lateral wall below is equipped with feed inlet IV, the top is equipped with product discharge gate IV, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate V, wherein: the feed inlet IV is connected with a discharge outlet III of the flash tank; the product discharge port IV is connected with a device for collecting the finished product alkyl sulfonic acid, and the discharge port V is connected with the feed port I of the first-stage reactor.
In the technical scheme, the primary reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
In the technical scheme, the secondary reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
In the technical scheme, the primary reactor and the secondary reactor are connected in series.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that: according to the method, alkane and SO3 are subjected to autocatalytic reaction through an N-stage reactor to generate high-purity alkylsulfonic acid, the purity of the alkylsulfonic acid can reach 99.9%, other reactants are not required to be introduced into the whole reaction system, SO that the product is pure and easy to separate, the quality of the product is well guaranteed, the method is simple in process and easy to operate, the reaction system is simple, and the alkane can be recycled, SO that the generation of other byproducts is reduced, pollutant emission is avoided, the method is environment-friendly and pollution-free, the conversion rate of the alkylsulfonic acid is remarkably improved, and the energy consumption and equipment investment are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a schematic overall structure diagram of an alkyl sulfonic acid synthesis device;
wherein, 1, a first-stage reactor; 2. a secondary reactor; 3. a flash tank; 4. a separation tower.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:
the main innovation points of the method are as follows: methane, ethane or propane and SO3 generate autocatalytic reaction through an N-stage reactor to generate high-purity alkylsulfonic acid, the purity of the alkylsulfonic acid can reach 99.9%, other reactants do not need to be introduced into the whole reaction system, SO the product is pure and easy to separate, the quality of the product is well guaranteed, the method is simple in process and easy to operate, the reaction system is simple, and the methane, the ethane or the propane can be recycled, SO that the generation of other byproducts is reduced, no pollutant is discharged, the method is environment-friendly and pollution-free, the conversion rate of the alkylsulfonic acid is obviously improved, and the energy consumption and the equipment investment are reduced.
The invention provides a synthesis device of alkyl sulfonic acid, which comprises a primary reactor 1, a secondary reactor 2, a flash tank 3 and a separation tower 4 which are connected in sequence, as shown in figure 1:
the first-stage reactor, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet I, the lateral wall below of opposite side is equipped with discharge gate I, wherein: the feed inlet I is connected with a device capable of providing alkane, SO3 and an electrophilic initiator;
a feed inlet II is arranged above the side wall of one side of the secondary reactor, and a discharge outlet II is arranged below the side wall of the other side of the secondary reactor, wherein the feed inlet II is connected with the discharge outlet I of the primary reactor;
flash tank, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet III, the lateral wall top of opposite side is equipped with sulphuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet, the top is equipped with unreacted alkane discharge gate, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate III, wherein: the feed inlet III is connected with a discharge outlet II of the secondary reactor; the sulfuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet is connected with a device capable of providing sulfuric acid aqueous solution; the discharge hole of the unreacted alkane is connected with the feed inlet I of the first-stage reactor;
the knockout tower, lateral wall below is equipped with feed inlet IV, the top is equipped with product discharge gate IV, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate V, wherein: the feed inlet IV is connected with a discharge outlet III of the flash tank; the product discharge port IV is connected with a device for collecting the finished product alkyl sulfonic acid, and the discharge port V is connected with the feed port I of the primary reactor;
the first-stage reactor is a fixed bed reactor;
the secondary reactor is a fixed bed reactor;
the first-stage reactor and the second-stage reactor are connected in series.
The invention also provides a synthesis method of the alkyl sulfonic acid, which comprises the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: delivering alkane and SO3 into a primary reactor and delivering electrophilic initiators at the same time; performing a first-order reaction on alkane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-order product; the first-stage product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and electrophilic initiator generated by reaction;
(2) and (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted alkane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
(3) flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, the unreacted alkane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
(4) separation: and (4) conveying the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) into a separation tower for separation, extracting high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid from the top of the tower, and extracting the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) from the bottom of the tower and then returning the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator to the primary reactor for recycling.
The process of the invention is specifically illustrated below with reference to specific examples:
example 1:
a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: methane, SO3 (100% pure) were fed into the primary reactor along with an electrophilic initiator (98% sulfuric acid); carrying out a first-stage reaction on methane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-stage product; the primary product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted methane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator which are generated by reaction;
the mole ratio of the methane to the SO3 to the electrophilic initiator is 0.8: 1: 0.005.
the operating conditions of the primary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃ and the pressure is 100 bar.
(2) And (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted methane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted methane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
the operating conditions of the secondary reactor are as follows: the temperature was 85 ℃ and the pressure 100 bar.
(3) Flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 98% is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, unreacted methane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
the mass of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 98% is 1.5 times of the mass of the SO3 in the step (1).
The flash tank is operated at 60 ℃ and 20bar pressure.
(4) Separation: the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) is conveyed into a separation tower for separation, high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid is extracted from the top of the tower, and the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) are extracted from the bottom of the tower and then returned to a primary reactor for recycling;
the operation conditions of the separation tower are that the temperature of the tower top is 110 ℃, the pressure is-0.5 bar, the temperature of the tower bottom is 165 ℃, and the pressure is-0.4 bar.
In this embodiment, the reaction equation is: CH4+ SO3 → CH3SO 3H;
in this example, the purity of the product alkylsulfonic acid was 99.9%.
Example 2:
a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: ethane, SO3 (100% pure) were fed into the primary reactor, along with the electrophilic initiator methanesulfonic acid; performing a first-order reaction on ethane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-order product; the primary product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted ethane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator which are generated by reaction;
the mole ratio of ethane, SO3 and the electrophilic initiator is 0.8: 1: 0.005.
the operating conditions of the primary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 90 ℃ and the pressure is 100 bar.
(2) And (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted ethane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted ethane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
the operating conditions of the secondary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 95 ℃ and the pressure is 100 bar.
(3) Flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, a sulfuric acid water solution with the mass concentration of 95% is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, unreacted ethane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
the mass of the 95% sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 3 times of the mass of the SO3 in the step (1).
The flash tank is operated at 75 ℃ and 10bar pressure.
(4) Separation: the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) is conveyed into a separation tower for separation, high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid is extracted from the top of the tower, and the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) are extracted from the bottom of the tower and then returned to a primary reactor for recycling;
the operation conditions of the separation tower are that the temperature of the tower top is 150 ℃, the pressure is-0.2 bar, the temperature of the tower bottom is 210 ℃, and the pressure is-0.1 bar.
In this embodiment, the reaction equation is: CH3CH3+ SO3 → CH3CH2SO 3H;
in this example, the purity of the product alkylsulfonic acid was 99.9%.
Example 3:
a method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid comprises the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: propane, SO3 (100% pure) were fed into the primary reactor along with an electrophilic initiator (98% sulfuric acid); carrying out a first-order reaction on propane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-order product; the first-stage product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted propane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator which are generated by reaction;
the mole ratio of the propane to the SO3 to the electrophilic initiator is 1: 0.6: 0.005.
the operating conditions of the primary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃ and the pressure is 60 bar.
(2) And (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted propane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted propane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
the operating conditions of the secondary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 110 ℃ and the pressure is 600 bar.
(3) Flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 98% is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, unreacted propane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
the mass of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 98% is 0.3 time of the mass of the SO3 in the step (1).
The flash tank is operated under the conditions of 70 ℃ and 6bar pressure.
(4) Separation: the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) is conveyed into a separation tower for separation, high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid is extracted from the top of the tower, and the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) are extracted from the bottom of the tower and then returned to a primary reactor for recycling;
the operation conditions of the separation tower are that the temperature of the tower top is 120 ℃, the pressure is-0.7 bar, the temperature of the tower bottom is 180 ℃, and the pressure is-0.6 bar.
In this embodiment, the reaction equation is: CH3CH2CH3+ SO3 → CH3CH2CH2SO3H
In this example, the purity of the product alkylsulfonic acid was 99.9%.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for synthesizing alkyl sulfonic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) first-order reaction: delivering alkane and SO3 into a primary reactor and delivering electrophilic initiators at the same time; performing a first-order reaction on alkane and SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a first-order product; the first-stage product comprises alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and electrophilic initiator generated by reaction;
(2) and (3) secondary reaction: taking out the primary product obtained in the step (1) from the primary reactor, conveying the primary product into a secondary reactor, and continuously carrying out secondary reaction on unreacted alkane and unreacted SO3 under the action of an electrophilic initiator to obtain a secondary product; the secondary products comprise alkyl sulfonic acid, unreacted alkane, unreacted SO3 and an electrophilic initiator generated by the reaction;
(3) flash evaporation: the secondary product obtained in the step (2) is extracted by a secondary reactor and then is conveyed into a flash tank, and meanwhile, the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is also conveyed into the flash tank; in the flash tank, the unreacted alkane in the secondary product is extracted from the top of the flash tank and then returned to the primary reactor for cyclic utilization; unreacted SO3 in the secondary product reacts with water in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution to generate sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution to form concentrated acid, and the formed concentrated acid, the alkyl sulfonic acid and the electrophilic initiator are extracted from the bottom of the flash tank together;
(4) separation: and (4) conveying the material extracted from the bottom of the flash tank in the step (3) into a separation tower for separation, extracting high-purity alkyl sulfonic acid from the top of the tower, and extracting the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator formed in the step (3) from the bottom of the tower and then returning the concentrated acid and the electrophilic initiator to the primary reactor for recycling.
2. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the alkane is any one of methane, ethane and propane; the purity of the SO3 is 100%; the electrophilic initiator is concentrated sulfuric acid, alkyl sulfonic acid or a mixture of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the alkyl sulfonic acid mixed in any proportion.
3. The synthesis method according to claim 2, wherein when the electrophilic initiator is concentrated sulfuric acid, the mass concentration of the solute in the concentrated sulfuric acid is 95-100%.
4. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of the alkane, the SO3 and the electrophilic initiator is 0.5-1: 0.5-2: 0.005-0.05.
5. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the operation conditions of the primary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the pressure is 40-120 bar.
6. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the operating conditions of the secondary reactor are as follows: the temperature is 50-120 ℃, and the pressure is 40-120 bar.
7. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass concentration of the solute in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 95-98%, and the mass of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is 0.1-5 times of the mass of the SO3 in the step (1).
8. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the flash tank is operated under the conditions of 40-80 ℃ and 5-50bar pressure.
9. The synthesis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the separation column is operated under the conditions of the top temperature of 90-160 ℃, the pressure of-0.8-2 bar, the bottom temperature of 130-220 ℃ and the pressure of-0.8-1 bar.
10. The utility model provides a synthesizer of alkyl sulfonic acid, includes primary reactor (1), secondary reactor (2), flash drum (3) and knockout tower (4) that connect gradually, its characterized in that:
the first-stage reactor, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet I, the lateral wall below of opposite side is equipped with discharge gate I, wherein: the feed inlet I is connected with a device capable of providing alkane, SO3 and an electrophilic initiator;
a feed inlet II is arranged above the side wall of one side of the secondary reactor, and a discharge outlet II is arranged below the side wall of the other side of the secondary reactor, wherein the feed inlet II is connected with the discharge outlet I of the primary reactor;
flash tank, the lateral wall top of one side is equipped with feed inlet III, the lateral wall top of opposite side is equipped with sulphuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet, the top is equipped with unreacted alkane discharge gate, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate III, wherein: the feed inlet III is connected with a discharge outlet II of the secondary reactor; the sulfuric acid aqueous solution feed inlet is connected with a device capable of providing sulfuric acid aqueous solution; the discharge hole of the unreacted alkane is connected with the feed inlet I of the first-stage reactor;
the knockout tower, lateral wall below is equipped with feed inlet IV, the top is equipped with product discharge gate IV, the bottom is equipped with discharge gate V, wherein: the feed inlet IV is connected with a discharge outlet III of the flash tank; the product discharge port IV is connected with a device for collecting the finished product alkyl sulfonic acid, and the discharge port V is connected with the feed port I of the primary reactor;
the first-stage reactor is a fixed bed reactor;
the secondary reactor is a fixed bed reactor;
the first-stage reactor and the second-stage reactor are connected in series.
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