CN111300212A - Shape-following measurement processing control method and application thereof in jewelry processing field - Google Patents
Shape-following measurement processing control method and application thereof in jewelry processing field Download PDFInfo
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- CN111300212A CN111300212A CN202010228571.6A CN202010228571A CN111300212A CN 111300212 A CN111300212 A CN 111300212A CN 202010228571 A CN202010228571 A CN 202010228571A CN 111300212 A CN111300212 A CN 111300212A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
- B44B1/006—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models using computer control means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
- B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
- B44B1/06—Accessories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a conformal measurement processing control method and application thereof in the jewelry processing field, the method comprises the steps of 1, writing a coordinate program for automatic processing of a numerical control machine tool in advance according to the shape size of a standard jewelry blank; 2. controlling a probe of the processing machine tool to automatically perform point-by-point shape following detection around the jewelry blank to obtain a space coordinate position of the external surface of the jewelry blank to be processed, and feeding the space coordinate position back to a computer of the numerical control machine tool; 3. comparing and calculating the spatial coordinates of the external shape surface of the detected jewelry blank with the spatial coordinates of the external shape of the standard jewelry blank to obtain processing calibration data, and automatically compensating the processing calibration data into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine; 4. and starting a tool bit of the numerical control machine tool for machining to obtain a standard jewelry blank. Each jewelry can be dynamically measured along with the shape, the compensation deviation is automatically and precisely corrected, the processing precision of the numerical control machine tool is greatly improved, the processing qualification rate of various jewelry reaches more than 99.8 percent, and the rejection rate is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
This scheme belongs to the machining field, and concrete jewelry processing application.
Background
The numerical control machine tool is an automatic machine tool provided with a program control system. The control system has high automation degree, works according to a designed running program, has a numerical control machine with three-axis motion and a numerical control machine with five-axis motion, wherein the XYZ three-axis mechanical arm can move in a three-dimensional space, the five-axis numerical control machine has high machining precision and stable machining quality, and is generally used for machining metal parts and plastic parts.
Various jewelries such as gold, silver, K gold, platinum, palladium, other metal ornaments and the like are usually processed by manual work and matched with a simple electric polishing tool, for example, the patent name is integrated equipment for manufacturing hollow bracelets, CN201711431380.4, in the traditional manufacturing process of the hollow bracelets, gold and silver sheets are processed into round tubes and the round tubes are processed into ring bodies by mechanical processing, but the operation and processing precision can not meet the requirement of carving patterns on the bracelets of 0.1-0.5 mm, and the size thickness and the fine patterns of thousands of bracelets can not be ensured to be consistent.
At present, five-axis numerical control machine tools are only used for processing hard metal materials such as stainless steel, cast iron and the like, and are not found to be applied to the field of jewelry processing to realize large-batch industrialized uniform automatic production. The reason is that the shapes, sizes, textures, inner and outer patterns of different jewelries are different, because each jewelries rough blank has slight thickness difference and size difference, for example, the difference of 0.2-1 mm exists at different parts, and in addition, when the jewelries are assembled on a machine tool clamp for fixing, the jewelries clamping deviation value exists, in addition, the numerical control machine tool with five-axis motion has mechanical deviation values including linear errors, horizontal straightness, vertical straightness, horizontal in-plane deflection angle, vertical in-plane pitch angle and roll angle deviation rotating around a measuring shaft, the deviation values in multiple aspects are accumulated to often cause that the jewelry is machined according to a fixed program when being machined, the operation work of a cutter is unstable, 0.05-1 mm of carving pattern errors are easy to occur, the rejection rate of products is high and reaches 4-25%, the material consumption cost is huge, and the quality of the jewelry cannot be sold.
The jewelry has the advantages that the shape is changed, the texture is soft, patterns are required to be machined, the polishing angle is extremely accurate, a traditional numerical control machine does not have a suitable accurate detection mode and an advanced comparison control algorithm, the operation position of a cutter can not be accurately compensated and controlled according to the deviation value of each jewelry, and the accuracy of the surface machining depth of various types of jewelry can not reach 0.01-0.2 mm. The existing machine tool processing technology can not ensure that the industrial production connection processes thousands of jewelry in one day, and has high quality and extremely low rejection rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a form following measurement processing control method and application thereof in the field of jewelry processing.
The invention provides an application of a conformal measurement processing control method in the jewelry processing field, and an automatic processing program of a numerical control machine tool is written in advance according to the appearance size of a standard jewelry blank; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the external shape space position of a jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, determining jewelry shape processing calibration data, controlling and changing the processing parameters of a tool bit of a numerical control machine tool, dynamically detecting and processing each piece of jewelry to meet the jewelry quality requirement, and the application of the processing control method in the jewelry processing field.
Further, the shape following measurement processing control method is applied to processing of jewelry of bracelets, pendant, ring, necklace, earring and headwear; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the space position of the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, and determining the processing calibration data of the jewelry appearance.
Further, setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, detecting the space position of the external surface of the jewelry blank by automatically point-by-point conformal detection, specifically, taking the center point of the jewelry as the three-coordinate origin of the processed jewelry, uniformly dividing the three-coordinate origin into a plurality of circumferential angles, automatically point-by-point conformal contact with the external surface of the jewelry blank by a probe, and comparing to obtain the processing calibration data of the jewelry blank; or taking the surface of the jewelry as a reference surface, dividing the external surface of the jewelry into XY-axis grid surfaces, automatically contacting the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape through a probe, and comparing to obtain the processing calibration data of the jewelry blank.
The invention also provides a control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry, which comprises the following steps of 1, writing a coordinate program for automatic processing of the numerical control machine tool in advance according to the appearance size of a standard jewelry blank and inputting the coordinate program into a computer of the numerical control machine tool; step 2, controlling a probe of the numerical control machine tool to automatically perform point-by-point conformal detection around the processing surface of the jewelry blank to obtain the spatial coordinate position of the external surface of the jewelry blank to be processed, and feeding the spatial coordinate position back to a computer of the numerical control machine tool; step 3, comparing and calculating the spatial coordinates of the external shape surface of the detected jewelry blank to be processed with the spatial coordinates of the external shape of the standard jewelry blank to obtain processing calibration data, and automatically compensating the calibration data into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine; and 4, starting the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool, and processing the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool along the actual external surface of the jewelry blank all the time according to the actual processing parameters to obtain the standard jewelry blank.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes: setting a detection mode and a space position of the probe operation according to the type of the jewelry, and uniformly dividing a plurality of dotting coordinates for point-by-point conformal detection; and setting a control program for the operation of the probe, detecting according to the dotting coordinates, recording deviation information of each point, and feeding back the deviation information to the numerical control machine tool.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes:
for the three-dimensional circular or elliptical jewelry, the central point of the three-dimensional circular or elliptical jewelry is taken as the origin of three-axis coordinates, 360/N dotting coordinates are rapidly and uniformly generated at normal corresponding positions of the end surface or the outer side surface of a circular or elliptical jewelry blank to be processed at intervals of N angles along the horizontal plane of the jewelry, a probe is controlled to detect point by point according to the dotting coordinates, the spatial coordinate position of the outer shape surface of the circular or elliptical jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine;
for the plane jewelry, the surface of the jewelry is taken as a reference surface, the external surface of the jewelry is divided into XY-axis grid surfaces, the external surface of a jewelry blank is automatically contacted with the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape by a probe, the space coordinate position of the external surface of the plane jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine;
for the arc-shaped jewelry, the central point of the arc-shaped jewelry is taken as the origin of a three-axis coordinate, 360/N dotting coordinates are rapidly and uniformly generated at the corresponding position of the arc surface of the arc-shaped jewelry blank to be processed in the normal direction at intervals of N angles along the horizontal plane of the arc-shaped jewelry, a control probe detects the dotting coordinates point by point according to the shape, the space coordinate position of the outer surface of the arc-shaped jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time, and the space coordinate position is fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine.
Further, the step 3 further comprises the steps of detecting through the movement of the probe, collecting a mechanical deviation value and a jewelry clamping deviation value, and automatically compensating into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing through positioning calculation to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine.
Furthermore, the probe of the numerical control machine tool adopts a mechanical contact type probe or a laser non-contact type probe;
the mechanical contact type probe comprises a needle head, an elastic part, a pressure sensor and a data transmission device, wherein the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the data transmission device and sends detection parameters of needle head contact to a computer of the numerical control machine tool through the data transmission device;
the laser non-contact probe comprises a laser emitter, a collector and a data transmission device, wherein the collector is electrically connected with the data transmission device and sends the detection parameters of the collector to a computer of the numerical control machine through the data transmission device.
Further, for processing the three-dimensional circular jewelry or the oval jewelry, a five-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and clamping equipment for fixing the jewelry is subjected to surface processing in an internal support clamping mode;
for the processing of non-circular jewelry or quasi-elliptical cambered surface jewelry, a five-axis or three-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the surface processing is carried out on clamping equipment for fixing the jewelry in a clamping mode of internal bracing or external clamping;
for the processing of plane jewelry, a five-axis or three-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the clamping device for fixing the jewelry carries out surface processing in an external clamping mode.
Furthermore, the numerical control machine tool sets time points and position points for replacing the tool bit according to the type and the shape of the jewelry, and the jewelry is machined point by point according to the dotting coordinates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the applicant is a golden jewelry processing dragon enterprise in Shenzhen city, strives to develop and innovate cyanide-free gold plating and jewelry precision processing all the time, has an advanced and original technology to realize industrial environment-friendly production of jewelry, and the invention 'a cyanide-free sulfite gold plating solution and application thereof' has obtained an excellent invention prize of the national patent prize in 2019. In the continuous research and development process, the applicant utilizes a unique detection device and a dynamic shape following measurement calculation data mode, and combines an improved numerical control machine tool to realize the precision machining of various ornaments, initiates the application of a shape following measurement machining control method in the field of ornament machining, and drives the ornament machining industry to develop towards intelligent advanced technology.
(2) The processing control method of the invention adopts a 360-degree circumference division dotting measurement method or a plane grid surface division dotting measurement method, and can automatically and precisely correct and compensate the deviation of each jewelry no matter how the shape of the jewelry and how many mechanical deviation values and jewelry clamping deviation values exist, thereby ensuring that the processed jewelry meets the standard jewelry, greatly improving the processing precision of a numerical control machine, leading the processing qualification rate of various jewelry to reach the advanced level of the same row, leading the qualification rate to reach more than 99.8 percent, obviously reducing the rejection rate, saving the material cost of precious metals and jewelry and bringing unexpected technical effects.
(3) The probe with a unique structure and a control algorithm are adopted, the spatial position change at the micron level can be sensed, and the cutter head can be accurately controlled to process various patterns carved on the jewelry with the uniform depth of 0.01-0.5 mm. The mass production of solid jewelry and hollow jewelry is realized, particularly, the hollow bracelet with the thin wall of only 1 mm can be accurately engraved with patterns, the advanced control technology ensures that industrial production continuously processes thousands of jewelry in one day, the quality rate is high, and the processed standards are uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a shape-following measurement processing jewelry control method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of dotting coordinates of a circular bracelet in a processing embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments.
At present, the numerical control machine tool is only used for processing hard metal materials such as stainless steel, cast iron and the like, is not found to be applied to the field of jewelry processing, and can realize large-batch industrialized uniform automatic production. This is because different ornaments have different shapes, sizes, textures, inner and outer patterns, and because each jewelry blank has a thickness difference and a size difference of a fine millimeter level. Therefore, the existing jewelry processing usually depends on manual processing and is matched with a simple electric grinding tool, and the jewelry is provided with scratch pits, is not beautiful in appearance effect and is not dense and beautiful in patterns.
The invention improves the processing technology, and through thousands of development tests, provides the application of the shape-following measurement processing control method in the jewelry processing field, and writes the automatic processing program of the numerical control machine in advance according to the external dimension of the standard jewelry blank; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the external shape space position of a jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, determining jewelry shape processing calibration data, controlling and changing the processing parameters of a tool bit of a numerical control machine tool, dynamically detecting and processing each piece of jewelry to meet the quality requirement of standard jewelry, and the application of the processing control method in the jewelry processing field.
The shape following measurement processing control method is applied to processing of jewelry of bracelets, pendants, rings, necklaces, earrings and headwear; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the space position of the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, and determining the processing calibration data of the jewelry appearance.
The method specifically comprises the steps that a jewelry central point is taken as a three-coordinate original point of a processed jewelry, the three-coordinate original point is uniformly divided into a plurality of circumferential angles, the external surface of a jewelry blank is automatically contacted point by point along with the shape through a probe, and processing calibration data of the jewelry blank is obtained through comparison; or the surface of the jewelry is taken as a reference surface, the external surface of the jewelry is divided into a plurality of grid surfaces, the external surface of the jewelry blank is automatically contacted with the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape through a probe, and the processing calibration data of the jewelry blank is obtained through comparison. The detection mode is tightly attached to the external surface of the jewelry, slight deviation values are sensed, the obtained calibration data are accurate and comprehensive, the processing data can be dynamically adjusted for each piece of jewelry, and compared with the conventional machining mode, hundreds of bracelets are uniformly processed according to set coordinates, the dynamic adjustment cannot be realized, and the product reject ratio is high.
The application of the shape following measurement processing control method in the field of jewelry processing brings industrial revolution, large-scale mass production is realized, advanced control technology ensures that industrial production continuously processes thousands of jewelry in one day, the yield is improved by 3-7 times, and the excellent rate greatly leads the domestic and foreign levels.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention further provides a method for controlling a shape-following measurement processing jewelry, comprising
Step 1, writing a coordinate program for automatic machining of the numerical control machine tool in advance according to the shape and size of a standard jewelry blank and inputting the coordinate program into a computer of the numerical control machine tool. Specifically, a model of a standard qualified product is established, parameters such as size, arc size and positions to be engraved are stored in a memory of a controller in advance, and programming software generally adopts 3D programming software such as precision engraving, Mastercam and UG.
And 2, controlling a probe of the numerical control machine tool to automatically perform point-by-point conformal detection around the processing surface of the jewelry blank to obtain the spatial coordinate position of the external surface of the jewelry blank to be processed, and feeding the spatial coordinate position back to a computer of the numerical control machine tool.
The system for processing the jewelry by shape following measurement uniformly divides a plurality of dotting coordinates into point-by-point shape following detection according to the jewelry type, the detection mode and the space position of the probe operation; and setting a control program for the operation of the probe, detecting according to the dotting coordinates, recording deviation information of each point, and feeding back the deviation information to the numerical control machine tool.
The mechanical contact type probe comprises a needle head, an elastic part, a pressure sensor and a data transmission device which are sequentially connected, wherein the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the data transmission device, and the end part of the needle head is provided with a spherical sapphire, so that when the mechanical contact type probe is in contact with the surface of a gold jewelry, the jewelry is not easily scratched, and enough strength can be maintained to touch and detect for tens of thousands of times. During measurement, the needle head is controlled to slowly send the detection parameters of the needle head contact to a computer of the numerical control machine tool through the data transmission device according to the planned dotting coordinates. The data transmission device can adopt a Bluetooth device or a wireless network sending device or is directly connected to a computer of the numerical control machine tool through a data line.
The laser non-contact probe comprises a laser emitter, a collector and a data transmission device, wherein the collector is electrically connected with the data transmission device and sends the detection parameters of the collector to a computer of the numerical control machine through the data transmission device.
As shown in fig. 2, for a three-dimensional circular jewelry, such as a bracelet, a central point of a three-dimensional circular jewelry 1 is taken as a three-axis coordinate origin, 360/N dotting coordinates 3 are rapidly and uniformly generated on normal corresponding positions of an end surface or an outer side surface of a circular jewelry blank to be processed at intervals of N angles along a horizontal plane of a circular head facing, a probe is controlled to detect point-by-point according to the dotting coordinates, the spatial coordinate position of the outer surface of the circular jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine. For example, if patterns need to be carved on the outer side surface and the upper surface of the oval bracelet, the N is 360, so that the probe is in contact measurement every 1 degree, and the subsequent carved patterns have the uniform depth of 0.01-0.5 mm and are very exquisite and smooth. If N is 36, the probe is contacted and measured every 10 degrees, and the probing and engraving process is faster. The dotting coordinates can be set according to the actual processing jewelry types, the number of patterns, the carving speed and other factors.
For the plane jewelry, the surface of the jewelry is taken as a reference surface, the external surface of the jewelry is divided into XY-axis grid surface coordinates, the external surface of a jewelry blank is automatically contacted with the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape by a probe, whether the thickness of the jewelry at each measuring point is consistent or not, for example, the thickness of 0.2 mm needs to be ground at the point, which point has burrs is compared to obtain the processing calibration data of the jewelry blank, the space coordinate position of the external surface of the plane jewelry blank needing to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine;
for the arc-shaped jewelry, the central point of the arc-shaped jewelry is taken as a three-axis coordinate origin, 360/N dotting coordinates are rapidly and uniformly generated at intervals of N angles at the corresponding positions of the arc surface of a workpiece of the arc-shaped jewelry in the normal direction along the horizontal plane of the arc-shaped jewelry, a control probe detects the shape of the workpiece point by point according to the dotting coordinates, the spatial coordinate position of the outer surface of the workpiece of the arc-shaped jewelry to be processed is recorded in real time, the workpiece of the arc surface can be continuously contacted and moved for detection, the spatial coordinate position of the moving track under the continuous contact pressure of a needle along the arc surface can be sensed, the workpiece of the arc-shaped jewelry is further sent to a controller arranged on a numerical control machine to calculate the radian change of the arc surface, and the spatial coordinate position.
And 3, comparing and calculating the spatial coordinates of the external shape surface of the detected jewelry blank to be processed with the spatial coordinates of the external shape of the standard jewelry blank to obtain processing calibration data, and automatically compensating the calibration data, namely the comparison difference value into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine.
And acquiring a mechanical deviation value and a jewelry clamping deviation value through the movement detection of the probe, and automatically compensating the mechanical deviation value and the jewelry clamping deviation value into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing through positioning calculation to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine.
And 4, after the probes are completely detected, uniformly starting the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool, and processing the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool along the actual appearance of the jewelry blank all the time according to the actual processing parameters to obtain the standard jewelry blank. The numerical control machine tool sets time points and position points for replacing the tool bit according to the type and the shape of the jewelry, and processes the jewelry point by point according to dotting coordinates. By the improved machining method, one five-axis numerical control machine can machine various ornaments, and only different machining and measuring programs are required to be called, so that the machine tool does not need to be replaced.
The industrial production continuously processes thousands of jewelry in one day, has high quality rate, uniform processed standard, more than 99.8 percent of qualified rate, obviously reduced rejection rate and saved material cost of precious metals and jewelry.
The data of the comparison test of the jewelry processed for five hundred times are as follows:
further, for the processing of the three-dimensional circular jewelry or the oval jewelry, a five-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the clamping jig for fixing the jewelry is subjected to surface processing in a clamping mode of a special jig convenient for fixing the three-dimensional circular jewelry or the oval jewelry, for example, an internal support jig is used for fixing the jewelry; for the processing of non-circular jewelry or quasi-elliptical cambered surface jewelry, a five-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and a clamping jig for fixing the jewelry is subjected to surface processing in a clamping mode of a special jig convenient for fixing the non-circular jewelry or quasi-elliptical cambered surface jewelry, for example, an external clamping jig is used for fixing the jewelry; for the processing of the plane jewelry, a three-axis or five-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the clamping jig for fixing the jewelry is subjected to surface processing in a clamping mode of a special jig convenient for fixing the plane jewelry, such as an external clamping jig for fixing the jewelry. The clamping equipment can ensure that the fixed jewelry is stable and does not generate a wire displacement, and the jewelry is not clamped and damaged, the running space of a cutter is not shielded, so that the automatic processing carved surface is greatly enlarged, and no dead angle is generated for carving and polishing.
By applying the shape-following measurement control method for processing the jewelry, the change of production quality is brought to our company, the test records that 1265 bracelets are processed in one day, the qualification rate reaches 99.82%, and no obvious defective products exist. Compared with the prior art that 220 pieces of scrapped products are carved in 3 days for processing the same number of bracelets, the method saves the material cost of precious metals and jewelry and brings unexpected technical effects.
Because of adopting the probe with a unique structure and a control algorithm, the device can sense the spatial position change at the micron level, and can accurately control the cutter head to process various patterns carved on the jewelry with the uniform depth of 0.01-0.5 mm. The automation degree is high, large-scale mass production is realized, the quality rate is high, and the processed standard is uniform.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and these changes and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the shape following measurement processing control method in the jewelry processing field is characterized in that: according to the outline dimension of a standard jewelry blank, writing an automatic machining program of a numerical control machine in advance; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the external shape space position of a jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, determining jewelry shape processing calibration data, controlling and changing the processing parameters of a tool bit of a numerical control machine tool, dynamically detecting and processing each piece of jewelry to meet the jewelry quality requirement, and the application of the processing control method in the jewelry processing field.
2. The application of the conformal measurement processing control method in the field of jewelry processing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method is applied to processing of bracelets, pendant, ring, necklace, earrings and headwear; setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, automatically detecting the space position of the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape, and determining the processing calibration data of the jewelry appearance.
3. The application of the shape following measurement processing control method according to claim 1 or 2 in the field of jewelry processing is characterized in that: setting a three-dimensional space coordinate position, detecting the space position of the external surface of the jewelry blank by automatically tracing point by point, and specifically, taking the center point of the jewelry as the three-coordinate origin of the processed jewelry, uniformly dividing the three-coordinate origin into a plurality of circumferential angles, automatically contacting the external surface of the jewelry blank by point by tracing through a probe, and comparing to obtain processing calibration data of the jewelry blank; or taking the surface of the jewelry as a reference surface, dividing the external surface of the jewelry into XY-axis grid surfaces, automatically contacting the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape through a probe, and comparing to obtain the processing calibration data of the jewelry blank.
4. A control method for measuring and processing jewelry along with shape is characterized in that: comprises the steps of
Step 1, writing a coordinate program for automatic machining of a numerical control machine tool in advance according to the outline dimension of a standard jewelry blank and inputting the coordinate program into a computer of the numerical control machine tool;
step 2, controlling a probe of the numerical control machine tool to automatically perform point-by-point conformal detection around the processing surface of the jewelry blank to obtain the spatial coordinate position of the external surface of the jewelry blank to be processed, and feeding the spatial coordinate position back to a computer of the numerical control machine tool;
step 3, comparing and calculating the spatial coordinates of the external shape surface of the detected jewelry blank to be processed with the spatial coordinates of the external shape of the standard jewelry blank to obtain processing calibration data, and automatically compensating the calibration data into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine;
and 4, starting the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool, and processing the tool bit of the numerical control machine tool along the actual external surface of the jewelry blank all the time according to the actual processing parameters to obtain the standard jewelry blank.
5. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the step 2 specifically comprises:
setting a detection mode and a space position of the probe operation according to the type of the jewelry, and uniformly dividing a plurality of dotting coordinates for point-by-point conformal detection;
and setting a control program for the operation of the probe, detecting according to the dotting coordinates, recording deviation information of each point, and feeding back the deviation information to the numerical control machine tool.
6. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: the step 2 specifically comprises:
for the three-dimensional circular or elliptical jewelry, the central point of the three-dimensional circular or elliptical jewelry is taken as the origin of three-axis coordinates, 360/N dotting coordinates are rapidly and uniformly generated at normal corresponding positions of the end surface or the outer side surface of a circular or elliptical jewelry blank to be processed at intervals of N angles along the horizontal plane of the jewelry, a probe is controlled to detect point by point according to the dotting coordinates, the spatial coordinate position of the outer shape surface of the circular or elliptical jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine;
for the plane jewelry, the surface of the jewelry is taken as a reference surface, the external surface of the jewelry is divided into XY-axis grid surfaces, the external surface of a jewelry blank is automatically contacted with the external surface of the jewelry blank point by point according to the shape by a probe, the space coordinate position of the external surface of the plane jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time and fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine;
for the arc-shaped jewelry, the central point of the arc-shaped jewelry is taken as the origin of a three-axis coordinate, 360/N dotting coordinates are rapidly and uniformly generated at the corresponding position of the arc surface of the arc-shaped jewelry blank to be processed in the normal direction at intervals of N angles along the horizontal plane of the arc-shaped jewelry, a control probe detects the dotting coordinates point by point according to the shape, the space coordinate position of the outer surface of the arc-shaped jewelry blank to be processed is recorded in real time, and the space coordinate position is fed back to a computer of a numerical control machine.
7. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: the step 3 also comprises
And (3) acquiring a mechanical deviation value and a jewelry clamping deviation value through the movement detection of the probe, and automatically compensating the mechanical deviation value and the jewelry clamping deviation value into the coordinate parameters of the automatic pre-processing through positioning calculation to obtain the actual processing parameters of the numerical control machine.
8. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: the probe of the numerical control machine tool adopts a mechanical contact type probe or a laser non-contact type probe;
the mechanical contact type probe comprises a needle head, an elastic part, a pressure sensor and a data transmission device, wherein the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the data transmission device and sends detection parameters of needle head contact to a computer of the numerical control machine tool through the data transmission device;
the laser non-contact probe comprises a laser emitter, a collector and a data transmission device, wherein the collector is electrically connected with the data transmission device and sends the detection parameters of the collector to a computer of the numerical control machine through the data transmission device.
9. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control method comprises the following steps:
for processing the three-dimensional circular jewelry or the oval jewelry, a five-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the surface processing is carried out on the clamping equipment for fixing the jewelry in an internal supporting clamping mode;
for the processing of non-circular jewelry or quasi-elliptical cambered surface jewelry, a five-axis or three-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the surface processing is carried out on clamping equipment for fixing the jewelry in a clamping mode of internal bracing or external clamping;
for the processing of plane jewelry, a five-axis or three-axis numerical control machine tool is adopted, and the clamping device for fixing the jewelry carries out surface processing in an external clamping mode.
10. The control method of the shape-following measurement processing jewelry according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control method comprises the following steps:
the numerical control machine tool sets time points and position points for replacing the tool bit according to the type and the shape of the jewelry, and processes the jewelry point by point according to dotting coordinates.
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