CN111299742B - Preparation method of tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material - Google Patents
Preparation method of tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299742B CN111299742B CN202010218381.6A CN202010218381A CN111299742B CN 111299742 B CN111299742 B CN 111299742B CN 202010218381 A CN202010218381 A CN 202010218381A CN 111299742 B CN111299742 B CN 111299742B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material, which comprises the following steps: respectively blanking to obtain a tungsten plate clad plate and a stainless steel plate substrate, and selecting an auxiliary ring and Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal; secondly, sequentially performing decontamination, descaling and deoiling; thirdly, forming blanks by adopting symmetrical assembly; fourthly, carrying out vacuum brazing on the blank to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank; fifthly, carrying out aging treatment on the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank; and sixthly, mechanically removing and polishing the surface to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size. According to the invention, by selecting and controlling the size of the substrate, the composite plate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal, and combining symmetrical assembly and vacuum brazing, the deformation difference between the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate in the vacuum brazing process is reduced, the interface bonding strength and the smoothness of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material are improved, and the utilization rate and the yield of raw materials are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetallic material.
Background
The thermal bimetal material is a planar layered composite material compounded by two metals with larger difference in thermal expansion performance. The deflection of the thermal bimetal material changes autonomously with changes in the ambient temperature. Wherein, the metal with higher linear expansion coefficient is an active layer, and the metal with lower linear expansion coefficient is a passive layer. As an intelligent material, thermal bimetal has been widely used in the fields of electricians, electronics, instruments and meters, automatic control, etc.
The metal tungsten has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness/strength, extremely low linear expansion coefficient and the like; the stainless steel has higher melting point, moderate toughness and high linear expansion coefficient, particularly the austenitic stainless steel belongs to a single-phase structure, and the linear expansion coefficient of the austenitic stainless steel is not influenced by the structure change in the temperature change process. If tungsten and austenitic stainless steel can be connected by adopting a certain process technology to prepare a tungsten/stainless steel composite plate, the tungsten/stainless steel composite plate can be used as a novel thermal bimetallic material. It is expected that a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal will have the following performance advantages: (1) the thermal sensitivity is high; (2) the using temperature range is wide; (3) the member has high strength and large elastic modulus.
At present, the preparation method of tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal mainly comprises a vacuum brazing method, a hot rolling composite method, an explosion welding method and an adhesive method. Wherein, the vacuum brazing method is that under a certain vacuum degree, a workpiece is heated to be near the melting point of the brazing filler metal, meanwhile, pressure perpendicular to an interface is applied and kept for a proper time, and then the composite plate is prepared by slow cooling; the composite board with good bonding performance can be prepared by the method, but the composite board is integrally shaped like a pot bottom at room temperature and is difficult to level due to the large difference of linear expansion coefficients of tungsten and stainless steel. The hot rolling composite method is to carry out surface treatment and vacuum coating on a tungsten plate and a stainless steel plate, and then carry out large-pass deformation on a rolling mill to obtain a composite plate; the method can be used for preparing the large-size composite board, the cost is low, but the prepared composite board is low in bonding strength and large in internal stress, and the later use is influenced. The explosive welding method is characterized in that the stainless steel plate and the tungsten plate are obliquely collided by using energy generated by explosive explosion, and metallurgical bonding is generated under the dual action of force and heat; the composite board prepared by the method has high bonding strength, but the tungsten has high brittleness, so that the yield of the composite board is low, and the control difficulty of the shape of the composite board is high. The gluing method is to bond tungsten and stainless steel directly together by means of some organic binder. The method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, but low in connection strength, and the maximum using temperature is only 300 ℃.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method for preparing tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material, aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, by selecting and controlling the sizes of the stainless steel plate of the substrate, the tungsten plate of the composite plate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal, and combining the preparation of the blank by adopting a symmetrical assembly mode and the vacuum brazing, the deformation difference between the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate in the vacuum brazing process is reduced, the interface bonding strength and the smoothness of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material are obviously improved, and the utilization rate and the yield of raw materials are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, material preparation: respectively blanking a tungsten plate raw material and a stainless steel plate raw material by adopting a mechanical method to obtain a tungsten plate as a composite plate and a stainless steel plate as a substrate, then selecting an auxiliary ring according to the size of the composite plate and the substrate and the material of the substrate, and selecting Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal;
the material model of multiple board is W1 or W2, and the size of multiple board is: thickness d1X length l1X width w1The material model of the substrate is 304 or 316L, and the size of the substrate is as follows: thickness d2X length l2X width w2And l is2＝l1+(20mm～60mm)，w2＝w1+(20mm～60mm)；
The material of auxiliary ring is the same with the base plate, and the inner ring size of auxiliary ring is: thickness d3X length l3X width w3And l is3＝l1+1mm，w3＝w1+1mm，d3＝2d1The thickness of the outer ring of the auxiliary ring is equal to that of the inner ring, and the length and the width of the auxiliary ring are correspondingly equal to those of the substrate;
the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal has the following dimensions: thickness D × length L × width W, and L ═ L2+(5mm～10mm)，W＝w2+(5mm～10mm)；
The size units of the composite plate, the substrate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal are all mm;
step two, surface treatment: respectively removing oxide skins and pollutants on the surfaces of the compound plate, the substrate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal prepared in the step one by adopting a mechanical method, and then removing oil by adopting ethanol or acetone;
step three, assembling the blank: overlapping two degreased compound plates in the second step into a ring cavity of the degreased auxiliary ring in the second step along the thickness direction in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the degreased compound plates to be flush with the upper end face and the lower end face of the degreased auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the degreased base plates in the second step on the upper end face and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring along the thickness direction, and respectively laying degreased Ag-Cu-Ti solder between the degreased base plates and the upper end face of the auxiliary ring, between the degreased compound plates, between the degreased base plates and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring, and between the degreased compound plates to form a blank;
step four, welding and compounding: placing the blank formed in the third step into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, and pumping vacuum until the vacuum degree is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa, pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic system along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the blank, controlling the pressure to be 5-10 MPa, starting a heating system to heat the blank to 880-950 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank;
step five, heat treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank obtained in the fourth step;
step six, post-treatment: removing the auxiliary ring, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and the base plate at the corresponding positions of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank subjected to aging treatment in the step five by adopting a mechanical method, and then polishing the surfaces to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size
The linear expansion coefficient of tungsten is 4.5 multiplied by 10-6K, the linear expansion coefficient of stainless steel is (14.4-16) x 10-6And the thermal expansion performance of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate is greatly different, and the deformation of the tungsten plate is obviously smaller than that of the stainless steel plate in the heating and cooling processes, so that the combination performance of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate composite plate is limited and the flatness is poor. Based on the deformation characteristics of the tungsten plates and the stainless steel plates in the heating and cooling processes, the invention adopts a symmetrical assembly mode to form blanks, and two double-plate tungsten plates are filled into the stainless steelThe inner cavity of the auxiliary ring is respectively covered with the stainless steel plate of the substrate, Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal is laid between the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate as well as between the end faces of the auxiliary ring to form a blank, then vacuum brazing is carried out, the deformation difference between the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate in the hot pressing process and the cooling process of the vacuum brazing is reduced by controlling the sizes of the tungsten plate, the stainless steel plate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal, the bonding performance between the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate is improved, the interface bonding strength and the smoothness of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetallic material are further improved, and the utilization rate and the yield of raw materials are greatly improved; meanwhile, the fluidity of the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal and the good wettability to the tungsten plate are utilized, the quality of a connection interface is improved, and the bonding strength of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate is improved; because the blanks are symmetrically assembled, the pressure and the temperature born by the two pairs of tungsten plates and the stainless steel plate are uniform in the vacuum brazing process, the consistency of the composite effect of the two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates is improved, and the yield is improved; in addition, the auxiliary ring is adopted to facilitate the symmetrical assembly of the blank, bear the pressure of the stainless steel plate, avoid the damage to the brittle tungsten plate, effectively control the shape of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate, facilitate the sufficient flowing and gap filling of the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal in the vacuum brazing process, avoid the pinhole and hole defects at the connecting interface of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate and further improve the bonding strength of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate.
The preparation method of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material is characterized in that in the first step, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25.8 to 26.6 percent of Cu, 4.2 to 4.6 percent of Ti, 1.4 to 2.0 percent of ln, 2.5 to 3.2 percent of Ni, 1.8 to 2.4 percent of Mn and the balance of Ag. The brazing filler metal with the optimized components has good wettability on the surface of the composite plate tungsten plate, good fluidity and strong gap filling capability, improves the quality of a connection interface and further improves the connection strength of the composite plate and the substrate.
The preparation method of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material is characterized in that in the first step, the thickness D of the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal is 50 μm to 100 μm. The brazing filler metal with the optimal thickness has good gap filling capability, avoids the defects of pinholes, even holes and the like at a connecting interface, ensures the connecting strength of the composite plate and the substrate, and reduces the brazing filler metal cost.
The preparation method of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material is characterized in that the aging treatment process in the fifth step is as follows: keeping the temperature at 180-230 ℃ for 24-72 h. Because the stress of the tungsten/stainless steel bonding interface is caused by the difference between the linear expansion coefficients of the tungsten/stainless steel bonding interface and the stainless steel bonding interface, the process of optimizing the aging treatment promotes the internal dislocation movement of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank, effectively removes the stress of the tungsten/stainless steel bonding interface and avoids the stress residue in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, through selection and size control of the substrate stainless steel plate, the double-plate tungsten plate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal, the blank is prepared in a symmetrical assembly mode and is subjected to vacuum brazing, so that the difference of deformation of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate in the vacuum brazing process is reduced, the interface bonding strength and the smoothness of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material are obviously improved, and the utilization rate and the yield of raw materials are improved.
2. The invention adopts Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal to avoid pinhole and hole defects at the connecting interface of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate, improve the quality of the connecting interface and further improve the bonding strength of the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate.
3. The invention adopts symmetrical assembly to form blanks, improves the consistency of the composite effect of the two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates, and further improves the yield.
4. The auxiliary ring is adopted to facilitate the symmetrical assembly of the blank, avoid the damage to the brittle tungsten plate, effectively control the shape of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate and further improve the bonding effect of the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal on the tungsten plate and the stainless steel plate.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the preform of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the preform of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-deoiled substrate; 2-composite board after deoiling;
3-deoiled auxiliary ring; . 4-solder after deoiling.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the assembly of the preform of the present invention is as follows: and (3) overlapping two deoiled composite plates in the thickness direction into the ring cavity of the deoiled auxiliary ring in the step two in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the two deoiled composite plates to be flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the deoiled auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the two deoiled base plates on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the thickness direction, and respectively laying the deoiled Ag-Cu-Ti series brazing filler metal between the deoiled base plate and the upper end surface of the auxiliary ring, between the deoiled composite plates, between the deoiled base plate and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and between the deoiled composite plates to form a blank.
As shown in fig. 2, the preform of the present invention has a structure of: two overlapped deoiled compound plates are filled in a ring cavity of the deoiled auxiliary ring and are flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the deoiled auxiliary ring, the deoiled base plates are respectively overlapped on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring, the deoiled Ag-Cu-Ti solder is paved between the deoiled base plate and the upper end surface of the auxiliary ring and between the deoiled compound plates correspondingly, and the deoiled Ag-Cu-Ti solder is paved between the deoiled base plate and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and between the deoiled compound plates correspondingly.
The method for preparing the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material of the present invention is described in detail by examples 1 to 3.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, material preparation: respectively blanking a W1 tungsten plate raw material and a 304 stainless steel plate raw material by a mechanical method to obtain a W1 tungsten plate with the size of 0.2mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 60mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a composite plate and obtain a 304 stainless steel plate with the size of 2.0mm multiplied by 70mm multiplied by 80mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a substrate, then selecting an auxiliary ring made of 304 stainless steel, wherein the inner ring of the auxiliary ring is 0.4mm multiplied by 51mm multiplied by 61mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) and the outer ring of the auxiliary ring is 0.4mm multiplied by 70mm multiplied by 80mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and selecting Ag-Cu-Ti series brazing filler metal; the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal has the size of 0.05mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 85mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 25.8% of Cu, 4.2% of Ti, 1.4% of ln, 2.5% of Ni, 1.8% of Mn and the balance of Ag;
step two, surface treatment: removing oxide skins and pollutants on the surfaces of the compound plate, the base plate and the auxiliary ring prepared in the step one by adopting a mechanical method, and then removing oil by adopting ethanol;
step three, assembling the blank: overlapping two degreased compound plates in the second step into a ring cavity of the degreased auxiliary ring in the second step along the thickness direction in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the degreased compound plates to be flush with the upper end face and the lower end face of the degreased auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the degreased base plates in the second step on the upper end face and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring along the thickness direction, and respectively paving the Ag-Cu-Ti-series brazing filler metal prepared in the first step between the degreased base plates and the upper end face of the auxiliary ring, between the degreased compound plates, between the degreased base plates and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring, and between the degreased compound plates to form a blank;
step four, welding and compounding: placing the blank formed in the third step into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 2.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa, pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic system along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the blank, controlling the pressure to be 5MPa, starting a heating system to heat the blank to 880 ℃, preserving the heat for 60min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank;
step five, heat treatment: preserving the heat of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank obtained in the fourth step at 180 ℃ for 24 hours for aging treatment;
step six, post-treatment: removing the auxiliary ring, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and the base plate at the corresponding positions of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank subjected to aging treatment in the step five by adopting a mechanical method, and then polishing the surfaces to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size
Through detection, the interface shear strength of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate prepared by the embodiment is 168MPa, and the integral deformation of the composite plate at room temperature is 0.2 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, material preparation: respectively blanking W2 tungsten plate raw materials and 316L stainless steel plate raw materials by a mechanical method to obtain W2 tungsten plates with the size of 2.0mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 80mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a composite plate and 316L stainless steel plates with the size of 4.0mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 140mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a substrate, then selecting an auxiliary ring made of 316L stainless steel, wherein the size of an inner ring of the auxiliary ring is 4.0mm multiplied by 61mm multiplied by 81mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), the size of an outer ring is 4.0mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 140mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and selecting Ag-Cu-Ti series brazing filler metal; the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal has the size of 0.1mm multiplied by 130mm multiplied by 150mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26.68% of Cu, 4.6% of Ti, 2.0% of ln, 3.2% of Ni, 2.4% of Mn and the balance of Ag;
step two, surface treatment: removing oxide skins and pollutants on the surfaces of the compound plate, the base plate and the auxiliary ring prepared in the step one by adopting a mechanical method, and then removing oil by adopting acetone;
step three, assembling the blank: overlapping two degreased compound plates in the second step into a ring cavity of the degreased auxiliary ring in the second step along the thickness direction in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the degreased compound plates to be flush with the upper end face and the lower end face of the degreased auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the degreased base plates in the second step on the upper end face and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring along the thickness direction, and respectively paving the Ag-Cu-Ti-series brazing filler metal prepared in the first step between the degreased base plates and the upper end face of the auxiliary ring, between the degreased compound plates, between the degreased base plates and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring, and between the degreased compound plates to form a blank;
step four, welding and compounding: placing the blank formed in the third step into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 9.0 multiplied by 10-3Pa, pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic system along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the blank, controlling the pressure to be 10MPa, starting a heating system to heat the blank to 920 ℃, preserving the temperature for 30min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank;
step five, heat treatment: preserving the heat of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank obtained in the fourth step at 230 ℃ for 72 hours for aging treatment;
step six, post-treatment: and D, removing the auxiliary ring, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and the base plate at the corresponding position of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank subjected to aging treatment in the step five by adopting a mechanical method, and then polishing the surfaces to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size.
Through detection, the interface shear strength of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate prepared by the embodiment is 112MPa, and the integral deformation of the composite plate at room temperature is 0.3 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, material preparation: respectively blanking a W1 tungsten plate raw material and a 304 stainless steel plate raw material by a mechanical method to obtain a tungsten plate with the size of 0.6mm multiplied by 80mm multiplied by 100mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a composite plate and a stainless steel plate with the size of 3.0mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 140mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width) as a substrate, then selecting an auxiliary ring made of 304 stainless steel, wherein the size of an inner ring of the auxiliary ring is 1.2mm multiplied by 81mm multiplied by 101mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), the size of an outer ring is 1.2mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 140mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and selecting Ag-Cu-Ti series brazing filler metal; the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal has the size of 0.08mm multiplied by 128mm multiplied by 148mm (thickness multiplied by length multiplied by width), and consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26.2% of Cu, 4.3% of Ti, 1.7% of ln, 2.8% of Ni, 2.1% of Mn and the balance of Ag;
step two, surface treatment: removing oxide skins and pollutants on the surfaces of the compound plate, the base plate and the auxiliary ring prepared in the step one by adopting a mechanical method, and then removing oil by adopting ethanol;
step three, assembling the blank: overlapping two degreased compound plates in the second step into a ring cavity of the degreased auxiliary ring in the second step along the thickness direction in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the degreased compound plates to be flush with the upper end face and the lower end face of the degreased auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the degreased base plates in the second step on the upper end face and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring along the thickness direction, and respectively paving the Ag-Cu-Ti-series brazing filler metal prepared in the first step between the degreased base plates and the upper end face of the auxiliary ring, between the degreased compound plates, between the degreased base plates and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring, and between the degreased compound plates to form a blank;
step four, welding and compounding: placing the blank formed in the third step into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 5.0 multiplied by 10-3Pa, pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic system along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the blank, controlling the pressure to be 8MPa, starting a heating system to heat the blank to 950 ℃, preserving the heat for 40min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank;
step five, heat treatment: preserving the heat of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank obtained in the fourth step at 200 ℃ for 36 hours for aging treatment;
step six, post-treatment: and D, removing the auxiliary ring, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and the base plate at the corresponding position of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank subjected to aging treatment in the step five by adopting a mechanical method, and then polishing the surfaces to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size.
Through detection, the interface shear strength of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate prepared by the embodiment is 126MPa, and the integral deformation of the composite plate at room temperature is 0.4 mm.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, material preparation: respectively blanking a tungsten plate raw material and a stainless steel plate raw material by adopting a mechanical method to obtain a tungsten plate as a composite plate and a stainless steel plate as a substrate, then selecting an auxiliary ring according to the size of the composite plate and the substrate and the material of the substrate, and selecting Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal;
the material model of multiple board is W1 or W2, and the size of multiple board is: thickness d1X length l1X width w1The material model of the substrate is 304 or 316L, and the size of the substrate is as follows: thickness d2X length l2X width w2And l is2＝l1+(20mm～60mm)，w2＝w1+(20mm～60mm)；
The material of auxiliary ring is the same with the base plate, and the inner ring size of auxiliary ring is: thickness d3X length l3X width w3And l is3＝l1+1mm，w3＝w1+1mm，d3＝2d1The thickness of the outer ring of the auxiliary ring is equal to that of the inner ring, and the length and the width of the auxiliary ring are correspondingly equal to those of the substrate;
the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal has the following dimensions: thickness D × length L × width W, and L ═ L2+(5mm～10mm)，W＝w2+(5mm～10mm)；
The size units of the composite plate, the substrate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal are all mm;
step two, surface treatment: respectively removing oxide skins and pollutants on the surfaces of the compound plate, the substrate, the auxiliary ring and the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal prepared in the step one by adopting a mechanical method, and then removing oil by adopting ethanol or acetone;
step three, assembling the blank: overlapping two degreased compound plates in the second step into a ring cavity of the degreased auxiliary ring in the second step along the thickness direction in a symmetrical assembly mode, enabling the degreased compound plates to be flush with the upper end face and the lower end face of the degreased auxiliary ring, then respectively stacking the degreased base plates in the second step on the upper end face and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring along the thickness direction, and respectively laying degreased Ag-Cu-Ti solder between the degreased base plates and the upper end face of the auxiliary ring, between the degreased compound plates, between the degreased base plates and the lower end face of the auxiliary ring, and between the degreased compound plates to form a blank;
step four, welding and compounding: placing the blank formed in the third step into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, and pumping vacuum until the vacuum degree is not less than 2.0 multiplied by 10-2Pa, pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic system along the direction vertical to the plate surface of the blank, controlling the pressure to be 5-10 MPa, starting a heating system to heat the blank to 880-950 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank;
step five, heat treatment: carrying out aging treatment on the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank obtained in the fourth step;
step six, post-treatment: and D, removing the auxiliary ring, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring and the base plate at the corresponding position of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the auxiliary ring in the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plate blank subjected to aging treatment in the step five by adopting a mechanical method, and then polishing the surfaces to obtain two tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal composite plates with the same size.
2. The preparation method of the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material according to claim 1, wherein the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal in the first step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25.8 to 26.6 percent of Cu, 4.2 to 4.6 percent of Ti, 1.4 to 2.0 percent of ln, 2.5 to 3.2 percent of Ni, 1.8 to 2.4 percent of Mn and the balance of Ag.
3. The method for preparing a tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness D of the Ag-Cu-Ti based solder in the first step is 50 μm to 100 μm.
4. The method for preparing the tungsten/stainless steel thermal bimetal material according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment process in the fifth step is as follows: keeping the temperature at 180-230 ℃ for 24-72 h.
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