CN111299581B - Method for improving success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal component - Google Patents
Method for improving success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299581B CN111299581B CN202010239355.1A CN202010239355A CN111299581B CN 111299581 B CN111299581 B CN 111299581B CN 202010239355 A CN202010239355 A CN 202010239355A CN 111299581 B CN111299581 B CN 111299581B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing early-stage software processing on the thin-wall metal component digifax, and adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the equipment forming cabin to ensure that the thin-wall metal component can be printed; 2) placing and optimizing the thin-wall metal component digifax meeting the requirements again; 3) the digital-analog input method comprises the steps that a parameter data packet of a printing material is input into a thin-wall metal component digital-analog input device with a well-adjusted placing position, then the parameter data packet is input into 3D printing equipment, printing preparation work of the equipment in the early stage is carried out, and printing is started through a 3D printing technology after the preparation work is finished; 4) and after printing is finished, taking out the thin-wall metal component, and performing subsequent treatment to finally finish delivery work of the thin-wall metal component. According to the invention, through secondary optimization of the placement position of the thin-wall metal component basically required for placement, the printing size correction function of the scraper can be fully exerted, the risk of cutter clamping of the scraper is reduced, and the printing success rate of the thin-wall metal component is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser advanced additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components.
Background
The additive manufacturing process (commonly known as 3D printing) is widely applied in the field of manufacturing of complex metal components in aviation, aerospace and the like by virtue of the advantages of high flexibility, short flow, integrated forming of complex structures, small heat affected zone, high material utilization rate, high operational freedom, no pollution, net forming and the like.
However, with the increasing requirements of design and manufacturing, the requirements of ultra-fine complex structural members manufactured by additive manufacturing processes are also increasing. In particular, the requirement for 3D printing of thin-wall metal components is more and more increased so as to meet the practical application requirement of complex and light-weight components. With the further increase of the demand, not only the demand for large-sized 3D printing equipment is increasing, but also the demand for mature processes for printing and manufacturing thin-walled metal components is increasing.
At present, in addition to the restriction of the forming size of equipment, the printing and manufacturing process of a complex thin-wall metal component is not mature, the probability of printing failure is increased, the problem of repeated failure continuously occurs, the optimal printing and manufacturing scheme can be found after multiple iterations, the equipment, raw materials and labor cost are greatly improved under the condition, and the development of the technology is severely restricted.
The most critical reason for the printing failure of the thin-wall metal member is that the warping deformation of the thin-wall metal member during the printing process cannot be accurately controlled. Because metal material intensity is high, when the deformation takes place because the heat concentrates in the printing process, the card sword phenomenon of scraper is very easily taken place to its deformation part, and this kind of condition very easily causes scraper damage, component damage, finally makes the printing inefficacy. How to accurately control the deformation of a large thin-wall metal component in the printing process and avoid printing failure is a critical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components, which aims to control the deformation of the thin-wall metal components and weaken the phenomenon of scraper knife clamping by optimizing the placement mode of the thin-wall metal components in a forming cabin of selective laser melting equipment, and finally improves the printing success rate.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing early-stage software processing on the thin-wall metal component digifax, and adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the equipment forming cabin to ensure that the thin-wall metal component can be printed;
(2) placing and optimizing the thin-wall metal component digifax meeting the requirements again;
(3) the digital-analog input method comprises the steps that a parameter data packet of a printing material is input into a thin-wall metal component digital-analog input device with a well-adjusted placing position, then the parameter data packet is input into 3D printing equipment, printing preparation work of the equipment in the early stage is carried out, and printing is started through a 3D printing technology after the preparation work is finished;
(4) and after printing is finished, taking out the thin-wall metal component, and performing subsequent treatment to finally finish delivery work of the thin-wall metal component.
The main reason for the buckling deformation of the thin-wall metal component in the printing process is that the heat of the buckling area is concentrated, so that the internal stress is increased, and the thin-wall metal component is easy to deform when the pulling force given by the bottom layer support or the structure is insufficient. The scraper used for printing the metal component is a steel scraper, and when the deformation amount is small and is not enough for the scraper to clamp a cutter, the deformation can be forcibly restrained through the scraper, so that the delivery quality of the final component cannot be influenced; when the deformation is large and the cutter is blocked, the restraining capability of the scraper is damaged, and the damage of the scraper and the printing failure of the component are easily caused. Therefore, the stress concentration area needs to be weakened as much as possible by adjusting the process parameters in the printing process of the thin-wall metal component, and when the process parameter adjusting window is limited, a placing method for reducing the risk of knife clamping can be adopted, so that the deformation restraining effect of the rigid scraper is fully exerted.
In order to better realize the invention, further, the thin-wall metal component for 3D printing is a large thin-wall titanium alloy component, the printing material used is titanium alloy TC4 powder, and the 3D printing technology used is a selective laser melting forming technology.
In order to better implement the invention, further, in the step (1), the specific process of adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the equipment forming cabin is as follows: the components are kept as far away from the edge area of the substrate as possible, and the printing height of the components in the cabin is reduced as much as possible.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step (2), the thin-walled metal members are placed in an optimized manner as follows: the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the powder spreading direction of the scraper.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step (2), the thin-walled metal members are placed in an optimized manner as follows: in the step (2), the thin-wall metal member is placed in an optimized mode as follows:
in order to better implement the present invention, further, in step (2), the thin-walled metal members are placed in an optimized manner as follows: the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the blowing direction in the cabin.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step (3), the parameter data packet imported into the printing material is adapted to the 3D device performing printing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the basic placement position of the thin-wall metal component in the 3D printing process is optimized for multiple times, so that the printing size correction function of the scraper can be fully exerted, the risk of cutter clamping of the scraper is reduced, and the printing success rate of the component is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a forming chamber of a 3D printing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an included angle between the arrangement position of a thin-wall metal component and the powder spreading direction of a scraper in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an included angle between a position where a thin-wall metal member is placed and an air blowing port in a cabin;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the thin-wall metal member and the relative position of the air outlet of the air blower in the cabin.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples for the purpose of making clear the objects, process conditions and advantages of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and modifications can be made according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention described above, and the specific examples described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing early-stage software processing on the thin-wall metal component digifax, and adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the equipment forming cabin to ensure that the thin-wall metal component can be printed;
(2) placing and optimizing the thin-wall metal component digifax meeting the requirements again;
(3) the digital-analog input method comprises the steps that a parameter data packet of a printing material is input into a thin-wall metal component digital-analog input device with a well-adjusted placing position, then the parameter data packet is input into 3D printing equipment, printing preparation work of the equipment in the early stage is carried out, and printing is started through a 3D printing technology after the preparation work is finished;
(4) and after printing is finished, taking out the thin-wall metal component, and performing subsequent treatment to finally finish delivery work of the thin-wall metal component.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, the material of the thin-wall metal component, the printing material used, and the 3D printing technology used are further defined, the thin-wall metal component for 3D printing is a large thin-wall titanium alloy component, the printing material used is titanium alloy TC4 powder, and the 3D printing technology used is a selective laser melting forming technology. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, and are not described again.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, the position of the thin-walled metal component in the device forming chamber is further defined, as shown in fig. 1, in the step (1), a specific process of adjusting the position of the thin-walled metal component in the device forming chamber is as follows: the components are kept as far away from the edge area of the substrate as possible, and the printing height of the components in the cabin is reduced as much as possible. The former-stage preprocessing digital module adjusts the forming position of the former-stage preprocessing digital module in the cabin, so that the forming area is far away from the edge area of the substrate as far as possible, the heat dissipation of the edge area of the substrate is slow, and the laser energy input stability is poor, therefore, the distance from the edge area is beneficial to ensuring the component quality and reducing the risk of warping deformation.
The height of the components in the forming cabin is ensured to be as low as possible, the printing time can be effectively reduced by reducing the printing height of the components, the printing failure probability is higher as the printing time is longer, the manufacturing cost is higher, and the heat input is more, so that the thermal deformation is easy to cause.
The components are placed to meet the printing requirements, namely the basic requirements of the components in the selective laser melting forming process (SLM) are met, and the components can be printed and manufactured by reasonably matching the support with the components. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, a placement optimization manner is further defined, as shown in fig. 2, in the step (2), the placement optimization manner of the thin-wall metal member is as follows:
the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the powder spreading direction of the scraper. The placing mode has the advantages that the warping deformation area of the scraper is reduced at the same moment on a powder paving operation advancing line, the contact area of the warping position and the scraper is reduced, the blocking capacity of the scraper is weakened, the cutter clamping risk of the scraper is reduced, meanwhile, the warping position can be cut off through the scraping capacity of the scraper, and the size precision of the component is guaranteed. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, a placement optimization manner is further defined, as shown in fig. 3, in the step (2), the placement optimization manner of the thin-wall metal member is as follows:
the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the blowing direction in the cabin. The placing mode has the advantages that when wind force of blowing in the forming cabin changes, large particles generated in the printing process can be far away from a solid area of the component as far as possible, so that the generation of internal defects of the component is avoided, and meanwhile, the powder laying effect of the next layer is also avoided being influenced. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 6:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, a placement optimization manner is further defined, as shown in fig. 4, in the step (2), the placement optimization manner of the thin-wall metal member is as follows:
the preferential printing part of the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section is far away from the air outlet area of the air blower in the cabin, and the final printing part is close to the air outlet area of the air blower. The placing mode has the advantages that the large particles generated in the printing process can be brought outside the solid area of the component by the airflow, and the component printed at the back and close to the air outlet area can be scraped away from the solid area of the component by the scraper powder spreading process of the next layer even if a small amount of the large particles generated in the printing process fall on the solid of the component, so that subsequent printing is not influenced. If the component close to the air outlet area is printed firstly, large particles falling on the position of the solid area of the component can affect the later printing process of the same layer, and finally affect the forming quality of the component. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 7:
the present embodiment further defines a parameter data package for importing printing material on the basis of the above embodiment, and in step (3), the parameter data package for importing printing material is adapted to the 3D device for printing. The metal powder printing parameter data packet is related to equipment conditions, and equipment printing parameter data packets of different manufacturers are slightly different. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of thin-wall metal components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing early-stage software processing on the thin-wall metal component digifax, and adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the equipment forming cabin to ensure that the thin-wall metal component can be printed;
(2) placing and optimizing the thin-wall metal component digifax meeting the requirements again; the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle range of 30-60 degrees with the powder spreading direction of the scraper; the longest edge of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section forms an included angle range of 30-60 degrees with the blowing direction in the cabin; the preferential printing part of the longest side of the thin-wall metal component on the x-y section is far away from the air outlet area of the air blower in the cabin, and the final printing part is close to the air outlet area of the air blower;
(3) the digital-analog input method comprises the steps that a parameter data packet of a printing material is input into a thin-wall metal component digital-analog input device with a well-adjusted placing position, then the parameter data packet is input into 3D printing equipment, printing preparation work of the equipment in the early stage is carried out, and printing is started through a 3D printing technology after the preparation work is finished;
(4) and after printing is finished, taking out the thin-wall metal component, and performing subsequent treatment to finally finish delivery work of the thin-wall metal component.
2. The method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of the thin-wall metal component according to claim 1, wherein the thin-wall metal component for 3D printing is a large thin-wall titanium alloy component, the printing material used is titanium alloy TC4 powder, and the 3D printing technology used is a selective laser melting forming technology.
3. The method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of the thin-wall metal component according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the specific process of adjusting the position of the thin-wall metal component in the forming cabin of the equipment is as follows: the components are kept as far away from the edge area of the substrate as possible, and the printing height of the components in the cabin is reduced as much as possible.
4. The method for improving the success rate of 3D printing of the thin-wall metal component according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in the step (3), the parameter data packet for importing the printing material is adapted to the 3D device for printing.
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| CN114820430B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2023-10-03 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Multi-light source collaborative exposure 3D printing nondestructive testing method |
| CN115319116B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Cross-configuration part laser powder feeding 3D printing forming method |
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