CN111298962A - Method for improving magnetism of low-grade hematite - Google Patents
Method for improving magnetism of low-grade hematite Download PDFInfo
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite. The method comprises the following steps: respectively drying, ball-milling and screening the low-grade iron tailings and the coffee grounds, and then fully mixing the iron tailings and the coffee grounds according to the mass ratio of 84-96 wt% and 4-16 wt%; roasting the mixed raw materials under the condition of introducing nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a roasted product; and grinding the roasted product and then carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and non-magnetic ore after magnetic separation. The invention selects the raw materials of iron tailings and coffee grounds, and the raw materials are industrial solid wastes, thereby saving the cost and recycling the solid wastes. The combustion of the fixed carbon in the coffee grounds provides the heat of the reduction reaction and the combustion of the volatile components provides the reducing gas required for the reduction process. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple process, simple operation, low cost and equipment requirement, easy large-scale production and practical application, and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tailing recycling and comprehensive utilization. And more particularly to a method for improving the magnetic properties of low-grade hematite.
Background
Although the reserves of iron ore in China are in the fourth place of the world, most of the iron ores which have been proved to be very low in grade can only be used after mineral separation and enrichment. High iron ore content is generally selected only as a beneficiation process, and many iron tailings are abandoned. The average grade of iron in iron tailings in China is 40%, and the amount of available iron elements in the tailings is very large according to the total amount of iron ores. But because the iron tailings have low grade and fine granularity, the iron tailings are easy to argillization, so that the iron tailings are difficult to recover.
At present, methods for enriching iron from iron tailings include a direct reduction method, a microwave roasting method, a suspension magnetization roasting method, a reduction roasting method and the like. Wherein, the direct reduction method needs high temperature of more than 1000 ℃, the roasting time is more than 2h, and the method consumes too much heat energy while recovering iron, so that the method can not realize industrial application at present. Microwave roasting and suspension magnetization roasting cannot expand the application range due to the particularity and high cost of the device. The magnetizing roasting method is a roasting method for converting weakly magnetic iron ore into strong magnetite by reductive roasting using a tube furnace and recovering it using a low-intensity magnetic separation device.
At present, in the subsequent magnetic separation process of magnetizing roasting, the conventional common reducing agents are coking coal and bituminous coal, but because a large amount of reducing agents are needed in the magnetizing roasting process, the reserves of the high-grade coal are rapidly exhausted at present, the sulfur content in the coal is high, and the problem of air pollution of tail gas can be caused in the combustion process, so that the green alternative reducing agents are urgently found.
In the research aiming at the magnetized roasting of the iron tailings, for example, the Chinese invention patent (the grant publication No. CN 102586586A) discloses an environment-friendly method for roasting the iron tailings. The method is characterized in that firstly, the oxidizing roasting is carried out, and then the (CO + H) with the content of 15 percent is generated by introducing coal or coal gas2) Reducing the iron ore for the reducing gas, so that the magnetism of the raw ore is enhanced. The reducing agent is gas (CO + H)2) However, the reducing agent is coal in nature, and the problem of the present resource exhaustion of coal cannot be solved. The content of the reducing gas obtained is 15%, and it is not industrially possible to control the content of the reducing gas so accurately. And the oxidizing roasting is carried out before the reducing roasting, so that the time for introducing reducing gas is seemingly saved, and the reaction energy consumption is actually increased in the oxidizing roasting process.
Coffee is one of the three major beverage crops in the world, and is planted in more than 70 countries or regions. According to statistics, 0.9kg of coffee grounds is discharged for every 1kg of instant coffee produced. Foreign coffee grounds are mainly used as fertilizers and fuels, while domestic coffee grounds are mainly discarded as wastes, which causes environmental pollution and a great deal of resource waste. How to treat and dispose the coffee grounds economically and effectively is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite, which can improve the magnetism of iron tailings, reduce the problem of resource accumulation caused by coffee grounds, reduce environmental pollution, reduce reaction energy consumption, and achieve the purpose of recycling and comprehensive utilization of iron tailings.
The invention also aims to provide the magnetic concentrate with improved magnetism prepared by the method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of improving the magnetic properties of low grade hematite comprising the steps of:
s1, after drying, ball-milling and screening low-grade iron tailings and coffee grounds respectively, fully mixing 84-96 wt% of iron tailings and 4-16 wt% of coffee grounds according to a mass ratio;
s2, roasting the mixed raw materials at 650-800 ℃ for 60-100 min at a heating rate of 3-7 ℃/min under the condition of introducing nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a roasted product;
and S3, grinding the roasted product, adding water and/or alcohol for low intensity magnetic separation with the magnetic field intensity of 2-4A to obtain magnetic concentrate and non-magnetic ore after magnetic separation, and drying to obtain the magnetic concentrate with improved magnetism.
In the invention, the sintering temperature and the coffee residue dosage have important influence on the reduction effect of the iron tailings. The temperature is raised, so that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the coffee residues can be pyrolyzed, CO and other gases are generated, the hematite in the iron tailings is promoted to be reduced into magnetite, the structure of the tailings becomes loose in the roasting process, a plurality of air holes are generated in the tailings, the contact area of the iron tailings and the coffee residues is increased, and the reduction reaction is accelerated; meanwhile, the content of CO generated by pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be increased by increasing the dosage of the coffee grounds, and the reduction process of the hematite is accelerated.
Further, in the step S1, the drying time of the low-grade iron tailings and the coffee grounds is greater than or equal to 12 hours, and the drying temperature is 105-110 ℃.
Further, in step S1, the particle size of the low-grade iron tailings and coffee grounds after ball milling is less than 0.08 mm.
Further, in step S2, the temperature increase rate is 5 ℃/min.
Further, in step S2, the baking time is 80 min.
Further, in step S3, the magnetic field strength is 3A.
Further, in step S3, water and/or alcohol is added as a dispersion medium to perform low-intensity magnetic separation.
Further, in step S3, the mass ratio of the calcined product to the dispersion medium is 5 to 10% (preferably 8%).
Further, in step S3, after the dispersion medium is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly and kept stand for 3-7 min to fully wet the particles.
Further, the Fe grade in the low-grade iron tailings is lower than 35%; the coffee grounds contain 60-70 wt% of fixed carbon and 20-30 wt% of volatile components.
In the invention, the low-grade iron tailings are produced by mining production, and refer to waste slag of iron ore after mining treatment, and the main components of the waste slag are hematite and silicon dioxide. The coffee grounds are taken from an instant coffee processing factory, and refer to waste residues generated by the instant coffee processing factory, mainly contain about 60-70 wt% of fixed carbon and 20-30 wt% of volatile components, and can provide reducing gas required by reduction reaction.
The invention also provides the magnetic concentrate with improved magnetism, which is prepared by the method. The magnetic concentrate is particles attached to two magnetic poles on the tube wall of the magnetic separator, and the particles discharged along with water flow are non-magnetic substances. The magnetic concentrate prepared by the method has the characteristics of strong magnetism, easiness in separation by a low-intensity magnetic separator and low requirement on reaction instruments and equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention selects the raw materials of iron tailings and coffee grounds, and compared with the existing magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, the raw materials are all industrial solid wastes, thereby saving the cost and recycling the solid wastes. The combustion of the fixed carbon in the coffee grounds provides the heat of the reduction reaction, and the combustion of the volatile components provides the reducing gas required for the hematite reduction process.
(2) The preparation method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple process, simple operation of the preparation process, low cost and equipment requirement, easy large-scale production and practical application and good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a microstructure of the iron tailings of example 1 under an emission field scanning electron microscope.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the iron tailings of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a hysteresis loop of the iron tailings of example 1.
Fig. 4 shows the microstructure of the magneto concentrate G4 prepared in example 4 under an emission field scanning electron microscope.
Fig. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of mag-netic concentrate G4 prepared in example 4.
Fig. 6 is a hysteresis loop of a magnetic concentrate G4 prepared in example 4.
Fig. 7 shows the microstructure of the magneto concentrate T8 prepared in comparative example 8 under an emission field scanning electron microscope.
Fig. 8 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the mag-netic concentrate T8 prepared in comparative example 8.
Fig. 9 shows the hysteresis loop of the mag-netic concentrate T8 prepared in comparative example 8.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
The low-grade hematite (i.e., the raw iron tailings) used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is: the raw material iron tailings used by observationThe surface topography (figure 1) of (a) shows that the iron tailings are mainly blocky; as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern (figure 2) of the raw material iron tailings, the main iron-containing phase in the iron tailings is hematite (Fe)2O3) And goethite (FeOOH), the gangue minerals are mainly quartz (SiO)2) (ii) a As can be seen from the magnetic hysteresis loop (figure 3) of the used raw material iron tailings, the saturation magnetization of the iron tailings is 0.4emu/g, which indicates that the magnetism of the iron tailings is very weak, and if a magnetic separation process is adopted, the magnetism of the iron tailings (low-grade hematite) needs to be improved before the magnetic separation.
TABLE 1 composition of main components of raw iron tailings used in examples 1-8
TABLE 2 main component composition of raw coffee grounds used in examples 1 to 8
TABLE 3 main component composition of raw coal powder for comparative examples 1 to 8
Example 1
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) drying raw materials of iron tailings and coffee grounds for preparing fired magnetite at 105 ℃ for at least 12 hours, and grinding until the particle size is less than 0.08 mm;
(2) mixing 96 wt% of iron tailings and 4 wt% of coffee grounds in a ball mill for 0.5h to form a mixture A;
(3) placing the mixture A obtained after the treatment in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, and roasting under the condition of introducing nitrogen, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting temperature is 800 ℃, and the roasting time is 80min, so as to obtain a roasted product B;
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic separator for low intensity magnetic separation, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so that nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate G1 are obtained;
(5) and (4) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate G1 obtained in the step (4) to obtain magnetic concentrate G1 with improved magnetism.
Through measurement, the iron grade of the maghemite G1 is 41.20%, and the iron recovery rate is 86.33%.
Examples 2 to 4
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) same as example 1, step (1);
(2) the raw material formula is shown in Table 4, and is mixed for 0.5h in a ball mill to form a mixture A;
TABLE 4 iron tailings to coffee grounds ratio of examples 2-4
(3) Same as example 1, step (3);
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) for magnetic separation by a magnetic separator, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so as to obtain nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate G2-G4;
(5) and (5) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate G2-G4 obtained in the step (4) to obtain the magnetic concentrate G2-G4 with improved magnetism.
Through determination, the iron grade of the magnetic concentrate G2 is 54.88%, and the iron recovery rate is 89.98%; the iron grade of the magnetic concentrate G3 is 58.30%, and the iron recovery rate is 91.65%; the iron grade of the maghemite G4 was 59.77%, and the iron recovery was 88.85%.
According to comprehensive consideration of the iron grade and the iron recovery rate of G1-G4 obtained in examples 1-4, the G4 obtained in example 4 is selected for analyzing the surface morphology (figure 4), the X-ray diffraction pattern (figure 5) and the hysteresis loop (figure 6). As can be seen from the surface topography of G4 (FIG. 4) obtained in example 4, the surface topography is a layered structure, and a large amount of pore structures appear, indicating that gas is generated in the roasting process; as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern of G4 obtained in example 4 (figure 5),the iron-containing substance phase is mainly ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) In combination with fig. 3, it is shown that reducing gas is generated during the roasting process, and the transformation of hematite into magnetic concentrate is completed; the magnetic hysteresis loop of G4 obtained in example 4 shows that the saturation magnetization is 31.88emu/G, which indicates that the magnetism of the roasted iron ore is greatly increased, and the subsequent low-intensity magnetic separation process is feasible and efficient.
Examples 5 to 8
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) same as example 1, step (1);
(2) same as example 1, step (2);
(3) placing the mixture A obtained after the treatment in the step (2) into a tubular furnace for firing, and firing under the condition of introducing nitrogen, wherein the firing temperature is shown in Table 5, and the firing time is 80min, so as to obtain a fired product B;
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic separator for low intensity magnetic separation, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so that nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate are recorded as G5-G8;
(5) and (5) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate G5-G8 obtained in the step (4) to obtain the magnetic concentrate G5-G8 with improved magnetism. The iron grade and the iron recovery rate of the mag-netic concentrates G5-G8 were determined as shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 roasting temperatures, iron grades and iron recoveries of the obtained mag-netic concentrates G5-G8 of examples 5-8
Comparative example 1
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the raw material iron tailings and coal powder for preparing the fired magnetite for at least 12 hours, and directly grinding the dried raw material iron tailings and coal powder until the granularity is less than 0.08 mm;
(2) mixing 96 wt% of iron tailings and 4 wt% of coal powder in a ball mill for 0.5h to form a mixture A;
(3) placing the mixture A obtained after the treatment in the step (2) into a tubular furnace for burning, and roasting under the condition of introducing nitrogen, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting temperature is 650 ℃, and the roasting time is 80min to obtain a roasted product B;
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) for magnetic separation by a magnetic separator, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so that nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate are recorded as T1;
(5) and (5) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate T1 obtained in the step (4) to obtain the magnetic concentrate T1 with improved magnetism.
According to the determination, the coal powder is used as a reducing agent in the comparative example, the iron grade of the obtained magnetic concentrate T1 is 40.39%, the iron recovery rate is 48.25%, and the ore dressing effect of the coal powder is not as good as that of the coffee grounds.
Comparative examples 2 to 4
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as the step (1) of the comparative example 1;
(2) the raw material formula is shown in Table 6, and is mixed for 0.5h in a ball mill to form a mixture A; the procedure is the same as that of the step (2) of the comparative example 1;
(3) same as example 1, step (3);
placing the mixture A obtained after the treatment in the step (2) into a tubular furnace for firing, and firing under the condition of introducing nitrogen, wherein the firing temperature is shown in table 6, and the firing time is 80min, so as to obtain a fired product B;
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic separator for magnetic separation, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so that nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate are recorded as T2-T4;
(5) and (5) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate T2-T4 obtained in the step (4) to obtain the magnetic concentrate T2-T4 with improved magnetism. The iron grade and the iron recovery rate of the magnetic concentrate T2-T4 are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 shows the proportion of iron tailings to coal dust, the roasting temperature in the step (3), the iron grade of the magnetic concentrate T2-T4 and the iron recovery rate of comparative examples 2-4
Comparative examples 5 to 8
A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as the step (1) of the comparative example 1;
(2) the same as the step (2) of the comparative example 1;
(3) placing the mixture A obtained after the treatment in the step (2) into a tubular furnace for firing, and firing under the condition of introducing nitrogen, wherein the firing temperature is shown in Table 7, and the firing time is 80min, so as to obtain a fired product B;
(4) adding water into the roasted product B obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic separator for low intensity magnetic separation, wherein the mass ratio of the roasted product to the water is 8%, and the magnetic separation current is 3A, so that nonmagnetic ore C and magnetic concentrate are recorded as G5-G8; (5) and (5) drying the nonmagnetic ore C and the magnetic concentrate G5-G8 obtained in the step (4) to obtain the magnetic concentrate G5-G8 with improved magnetism. The iron grade and the iron recovery rate of the mag-netic concentrate T5-T8 are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 roasting temperatures, iron grades of mag-netic concentrates T5-T8 and iron recovery rates of comparative examples 5-8
According to comprehensive consideration of the iron grade and the iron recovery rate of the T1-T8 obtained in the comparative examples 1-8, the T8 obtained in the comparative example 8 is selected for analyzing the surface morphology (figure 7), the X-ray diffraction pattern (figure 8) and the hysteresis loop (figure 9). As can be seen from the surface morphology of T8 (fig. 7) obtained in comparative example 8, which is a layered structure, there is no significant pore structure compared to fig. 4, indicating that sufficient gas may not be generated during firing to cause the formation of pores; as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern (FIG. 8) of T8 obtained in comparative example 8, the iron-containing phase thereof includes ferroferric oxide (Fe)3O4) And iron oxide (Fe)2O3) Indicating that the hematite remains in the roasting process, and the hematite cannot be completely converted into magnetite after being roasted by adding 16 wt% of coal powder; it can be seen from the hysteresis loop (FIG. 9) of T8 obtained in comparative example 8 thatAnd a magnetization of 18.47emu/G, the saturation magnetization of the magma concentrate T8 obtained by comparative example 8 was about 57.94% of the saturation magnetization of the magma concentrate G4 obtained by example 4, compared to fig. 6, indicating that the magnetic properties of the magma concentrate T8 obtained by comparative example 8 were not as strong as the magma concentrate G4 obtained by example 4.
According to the results, the hematite can be more effectively converted into magnetic concentrate by adding a proper amount of coffee grounds, and the purpose of effectively recovering iron elements can be achieved by the subsequent low-intensity magnetic separation process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, so that any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution defined by the claims of the present invention, unless departing from the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the magnetism of low-grade hematite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after drying, ball-milling and screening low-grade iron tailings and coffee grounds respectively, fully mixing 84-96 wt% of iron tailings and 4-16 wt% of coffee grounds according to a mass ratio;
s2, roasting the mixed raw materials at 650-800 ℃ for 60-100 min at a heating rate of 3-7 ℃/min under the condition of introducing nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a roasted product;
and S3, grinding the roasted product, carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 2-4A, obtaining magnetic concentrate and non-magnetic ore after magnetic separation, and drying to obtain the magnetic concentrate with improved magnetism.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the drying time of the low-grade iron tailings and the drying time of the coffee grounds are both greater than or equal to 12 hours, and the drying temperature is 105-110 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the particle size of the low-grade iron tailings and the coffee grounds after ball milling is less than 0.08 mm.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the temperature increase rate is 5 ℃/min.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the roasting time is 80 min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, water and/or alcohol are added as dispersion medium for low-intensity magnetic separation.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the mass ratio of the roasted product to the dispersion medium is 5 to 10%.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, the dispersion medium is added, and then the mixture is stirred and left for 3-7 min.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Fe grade in the low-grade iron tailings is lower than 35%; the coffee grounds contain 60-70 wt% of fixed carbon and 20-30 wt% of volatile components.
10. The magnetic concentrate with improved magnetism prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113755692A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-07 | 广东工业大学 | Method for recovering iron ore concentrate by magnetizing roasting |
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