CN111297447A

CN111297447A - Child lumbar puncture positioning and fixing device and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111297447A
Application number: CN202010111728.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓文; 孙清; 刘大海
Original assignee: Qingdao University
Current assignee: Qingdao Women and Childrens Hospital
Priority date: 2020-02-24
Filing date: 2020-02-24
Publication date: 2020-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-24
Also published as: CN111297447B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and relates to a positioning and fixing device for lumbar puncture of children and a use method thereof, wherein the main body structure of the device comprises an iliac spine positioning paste, a length adjusting buckle, a length adjusting belt, a length adjusting buckle switch, a length adjusting belt handle, a puncture fixing frame, a spine positioning point, a slide rail, a large support, a T-shaped puncture cannula, a small support, a spinous process positioning sucker, a puncture needle core, a fixing lantern ring, a fixing clamping groove support, a buckle push rod, a fixing lantern ring locking switch, a fixing clamping groove, a sucker connecting arm, a slide block and a small support telescopic rod; the puncture point can be accurately and quickly determined and positioned, the puncture stability is improved, the puncture success rate is improved, the psychological fear of the sick children is relieved, the operation and the popularization are convenient, and the application environment is friendly.

Description

Child lumbar puncture positioning and fixing device and using method thereof

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, relates to a positioning and fixing device for pediatric lumbar puncture and a using method thereof, and particularly relates to an auxiliary positioning and fixing device for accurately and quickly positioning a puncture point and improving puncture stability and a using method thereof.

Background art:

the pediatric lumbar puncture is a common operation method for diagnosing pediatric central nervous system diseases in clinical diagnosis and treatment, a clinician is required to roughly judge the puncture position in a finger palpation mode in the past during puncture positioning, higher requirements are placed on clinical experience, many low-grade physicians fail to puncture due to inaccurate positioning or instability during puncture by holding a needle, the puncture needle is manually held for operation, the puncture difficulty is high, the working strength of medical workers is high, and the positioning accuracy is not high; chinese patent with application number CN200420099574.0 discloses a simple and easy mount of children's lumbar puncture operation, though can effectively keep favourable puncture position, puncture the location, reduce medical personnel's intensity of labour, improve the security of puncture, this mount size is great, brings the fear psychology for the infant easily in the use, influences the puncture effect. Therefore, seek to design a child's lumbar puncture location fixing device and application method thereof, the accurate swift location point of puncture of confirming improves the location accuracy, and fixed pjncture needle reduces the operation degree of difficulty, improves the puncture stationarity, reduces the operating time of whole operation, improves efficiency of diagnosing, improves the puncture success rate, alleviates patient's misery, reduces doctor working strength, slows down infant psychological fear.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a positioning and fixing device for lumbar puncture of a child and a using method thereof, so that the problems of high puncture difficulty and inaccurate positioning of a handheld needle tube are solved, the problems of long puncture time and aggravated pain of a patient are solved, the defects that the existing puncture method depends on clinical experience and is poor in puncture stability are overcome, the phenomenon that a large auxiliary device is easy to cause psychological fear of the child is avoided, and the puncture success rate and the work efficiency are improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the positioning and fixing device for pediatric lumbar puncture comprises: the device comprises an iliac spine positioning patch, a length adjusting buckle, a length adjusting belt, a length adjusting buckle switch, a length adjusting belt handle, a puncture fixing frame, a spine positioning point, a sliding rail, a large support, a T-shaped puncture cannula, a small support, a spinous process positioning sucker, a puncture needle core, a fixing lantern ring, a fixing clamping groove support, a buckle push rod, a fixing lantern ring locking switch, a fixing clamping groove, a sucker connecting arm, a sliding block and a small support telescopic rod; the sticky iliac spine positioning paste on the back is a square fixing paste, and the side length of the square fixing paste is 10-50 mm; the length adjusting buckle made of plastic materials is fixedly arranged at the midpoint of the upper surface of the iliac spine positioning paste; the length adjusting belt penetrates through the length adjusting buckle, and a length adjusting buckle switch is arranged on the side surface of the length adjusting buckle and used for fixing and adjusting the length of the length adjusting belt; the length adjusting belt is made of elastic medical plastic, the thickness of the length adjusting belt is 1-3 mm, and the length adjusting belt is convenient to bend and stretch; one end of the length adjusting belt is provided with a length adjusting belt handle in an integrated structure, and the length adjusting belt handle is in a disc structure and is convenient to push and pull the length adjusting belt; the other end of the length adjusting belt is fixedly arranged at the right center of the outer side surface of the long side of the puncture fixing frame, the puncture fixing frame is of a hollow rectangular frame structure made of medical soft plastic materials, the length of the puncture fixing frame is 50-100 mm, the width of the puncture fixing frame is 40-80 mm, the thickness of the puncture fixing frame is 1-5 mm, the puncture fixing frame can be naturally bent along with the physiological angle of a human body, medical fixing glue is arranged on the back of the puncture fixing frame, and the widths of the four frame sides are 10-20 mm; spine positioning points are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the upper surfaces of the two short edges of the puncture fixing frame, slide rails are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper surfaces of the two long edges, and the slide rails and the puncture fixing frame are of an integral structure and are made of the same material and can be bent along with a human physiological curve; the large support is a U-shaped support, two ends of the large support are respectively provided with a sliding block, the two sliding blocks are respectively clamped on the sliding rails on two sides, the sliding blocks and the sliding rails are in interference fit, when no driving force is applied to the sliding blocks, the sliding blocks are fixed relative to the sliding rails, the two ends of the large support are in interference fit with the sliding blocks, when no rotating force is applied to the large support, the two ends of the large support are fixed relative to the sliding blocks, the maximum rotating angle of the large support is 90, namely the starting position of the large support is a position which is horizontally leaned against the puncture fixing frame, and the large support can rotate to an angle which; the T-shaped puncture cannula is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cross rod of the large support, is parallel to the two vertical rods of the large support and is positioned in the same horizontal plane with the positioning points of the spinal columns at the two sides; the cross rod of the small support is of a cylindrical structure, the middle part of the small support is vertically hinged and fixed with the T-shaped puncture sleeve and is positioned below the large support, the small support can rotate 90 degrees around the T-shaped puncture sleeve in a plane vertical to the T-shaped puncture sleeve, when the small support is not used, the small support is parallel to the large support and leans against the puncture fixing frame, when the small support is used, the small support rotates 90 degrees around the T-shaped puncture sleeve and then is fixed, the hinging force between the small support and the T-shaped puncture sleeve is larger, when the small support is rotated by applying a rotating force, the small support rotates around the T-shaped puncture sleeve, and when the force application is stopped, the small support keeps the relative position with the T-shaped puncture sleeve; the inner two ends of a cross rod cylinder of the small support are respectively provided with a small support telescopic rod, the outer surface of each small support telescopic rod is carved with scale marks, the small support telescopic rods on the two sides can simultaneously contract inwards and stretch outwards the cross rod cylinder, the outer end parts of the two small support telescopic rods are respectively and fixedly provided with a sucker connecting arm, the other end of each sucker connecting arm is fixedly provided with a spinous process positioning sucker, each spinous process positioning sucker is made of soft rubber and can be adsorbed and fixed on the surface of the skin of a human body, and the bottom parts of the two suckers and the bottom surface of the puncture fixing frame are positioned on the same horizontal plane due to the total length after the sucker; a penetrating puncture needle core is arranged in the puncture needle, and a clamping protrusion and a clamping groove are respectively arranged at the matching end surface of the tail part of the puncture needle and the tail part of the puncture needle core to prevent the puncture needle core from rotating after matching; the fixed clamping groove support is a cylinder, the diameter of the fixed clamping groove support is 8-15 mm, and a circular through hole with the diameter of 3-6 mm is formed in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support; one end of the fixed clamping groove support is a hollow cylinder, the length of the cylinder part is two thirds of the length of the whole fixed clamping groove support, a spring buckle structure is arranged in the cylinder of the fixed clamping groove support, one end of a buckle push rod is a fixed lantern ring locking switch, the other end of the buckle push rod is an integrated circular fixed lantern ring, the diameter of the fixed lantern ring is the same as that of a circular through hole in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support, the other end of the fixed lantern ring is fixedly arranged in an inner cavity of the fixed clamping groove support through a spring, a puncture needle penetrates through the through holes in the middle of the fixed lantern ring and the fixed clamping groove support, and the fixed lantern ring, the; f-shaped fixed clamping grooves are respectively sleeved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support, the top ends of the fixed clamping grooves are fastened on the fixed clamping groove support through bolts, and scale marks are respectively engraved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support, so that the fixed positions of the fixed clamping grooves on the two sides can accurately correspond; the distance between the two clamping claws of the fixed clamping groove is highly matched with the T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture cannula, and the T-shaped puncture cannula can be firmly clamped on the T-shaped puncture cannula. Furthermore, the tail part of the puncture needle can be matched with an injector to carry out intrathecal injection on the infant patient. Furthermore, the connecting arm of the sucker is a hard plastic tube with elasticity, so that when the large support is 90 degrees, the two spinous process positioning suckers can be adsorbed on the two adjacent spinous processes.

The using method of the invention is as follows: firstly, a patient lies on the side of a hard board bed, the back of the patient is vertical to the bed surface, the head is bent towards the front chest, the knees are held by two hands and tightly attached to the abdomen, the trunk is arched, or the head of the patient is held by one hand opposite to the patient by an assistant, the popliteal fossa of the two lower limbs is held by the other hand and tightly held by the assistant, the spine is protruded backwards as much as possible to widen the intervertebral space, and the needle insertion is convenient; fully exposing the skin of the waist and the back, disinfecting the whole skin of the waist, adjusting the length adjusting belt to be the longest, sticking the iliac spine positioning sticker to the highest point of the iliac spine above, holding the puncture fixing frame by hand, and respectively corresponding the spine positioning points to spines at two sides of the puncture fixing frame; meanwhile, the length adjusting belt buckle switch is pressed by one hand, the length adjusting belt handle is stretched upwards by the other hand, the length adjusting belt is adjusted to a proper length, and the length adjusting belt buckle switch is loosened to fix the length adjusting belt; tearing off the sticker on the back of the puncture fixing frame, and sticking the whole puncture fixing frame to the skin after the spine positioning points are matched; the large support is erected to be vertical to the puncture fixing frame, the cross beam of the small support is rotated to be vertical to the large support, the sliding block is pushed, the position of the large support on the sliding rail is adjusted to be on the right side of the length adjusting belt, meanwhile, the positioning sucker of the left spinous process of the small support is fixed on the spinous process of the nearest vertebral body on the right side of the length adjusting belt, the length of the telescopic rods of the two small supports is adjusted, the two telescopic rods are contracted to be consistent in length, the positioning sucker of the right spinous process is fixed on the spinous process of the next adjacent vertebral body, and the T-shaped puncture cannula is; pressing down a fixed lantern ring locking switch to enable the fixed lantern ring to freely slide on a puncture needle, inserting the puncture needle with the fixed lantern ring into a T-shaped puncture sleeve, fixing two clamping jaws of a fixed clamping groove on a T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture sleeve, slowly pushing the puncture needle, inserting the puncture needle into a vertebral canal along the vertical position of the T-shaped puncture sleeve, observing scales on the outer surface of the puncture needle, pressing and bouncing the fixed lantern ring locking switch after the puncture reaches a required depth to enable the puncture needle to be fixed, and enabling the puncture depth to be constant; pulling out the puncture needle core, and reserving cerebrospinal fluid or performing intrathecal injection drug treatment; after the operation is finished, the puncture needle core is penetrated back, the fixing lantern ring locking switch of the buckle push rod is pressed down, the puncture needle is pulled out, the small support is rotated to the initial position, the gauze covers and presses the puncture point, the skin of the puncture part is disinfected, and the sterile dressing covers and is stuck and fixed; and finally, dismantling the whole device. The puncture depth is 10-40 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the positioning puncture point can be accurately and quickly determined, and the positioning accuracy is high; the puncture needle is fixed, so that the operation difficulty is reduced, and the puncture stability is improved; the operation time of the whole operation is reduced, and the diagnosis and treatment efficiency is improved; the puncture success rate is improved, the pain of a patient is relieved, and the working intensity of a doctor is reduced; the device is light and convenient, and the psychological fear of the sick children is relieved; the whole structure design and the using method are simple, the principle is scientific, the safety and the reliability are realized, the universality is good, the operation and the popularization are convenient, and the application environment is friendly.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in combination with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

the children's lumbar puncture positioning and fixing device that this embodiment relates to, its major structure includes: the device comprises an iliac spine positioning paste 1, a length adjusting buckle 2, a length adjusting belt 3, a length adjusting buckle switch 4, a length adjusting belt handle 5, a puncture fixing frame 6, a spine positioning point 7, a sliding rail 8, a large support 9, a T-shaped puncture cannula 10, a small support 11, a spinous process positioning sucker 12, a puncture needle 13, a puncture needle core 14, a fixing lantern ring 15, a fixing lantern groove support 16, a buckle push rod 17, a fixing lantern ring locking switch 18, a fixing lantern groove 19, a sucker connecting arm 20, a sliding block 21 and a small support telescopic rod 22; the iliac spine positioning paste 1 with viscidity on the back is a square fixing paste, and the side length of the fixing paste is 10-50 mm; the length adjusting buckle 2 made of plastic materials is fixedly arranged at the midpoint of the upper surface of the iliac spine positioning sticker 1; the length adjusting belt 3 penetrates through the length adjusting buckle 2, and a length adjusting buckle switch 4 is arranged on the side surface of the length adjusting buckle 2 and used for fixing and adjusting the length of the length adjusting belt 3; the length adjusting belt 3 is made of elastic medical plastic, is 1-3 mm thick and is convenient to bend and stretch; one end of the length adjusting belt 3 is provided with a length adjusting belt handle 5 in an integrated structure, and the length adjusting belt handle 5 is in a disc structure, so that the length adjusting belt 3 is conveniently pushed and pulled; the other end of the length adjusting belt 3 is fixedly arranged at the right center of the outer side surface of the long side of the puncture fixing frame 6, the puncture fixing frame 6 is of a hollow rectangular frame structure made of medical soft plastic materials, the length is 50-100 mm, the width is 40-80 mm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, the puncture fixing frame can be naturally bent along with the physiological angle of a human body, medical fixing glue is arranged on the back of the puncture fixing frame 6, and the widths of the four frame sides are 10-20 mm; spine positioning points 7 are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the upper surfaces of the two short sides of the puncture fixing frame 6, slide rails 8 of a convex rectangular strip structure are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper surfaces of the two long sides, and the slide rails 8 and the puncture fixing frame 6 are of an integral structure and are made of the same material and can be bent along with a physiological curve of a human body; the large support 9 is a U-shaped support, two ends of the large support are respectively provided with a sliding block 21, the two sliding blocks 21 are respectively clamped on the sliding rails 8 at two sides, the sliding blocks 21 and the sliding rails 8 are in interference fit, when a pushing force is not applied to the sliding blocks 21, the sliding blocks 21 are fixed relative to the sliding rails 8, two ends of the large support 9 and the sliding blocks 21 are in interference fit, when a rotating force is not applied to the large support 9, two ends of the large support 9 are fixed relative to the sliding blocks 21, the maximum rotating angle of the large support 9 is 90, namely the starting position of the large support 9 is a position which is horizontally leaned against the puncture fixing frame 6, and the large support can rotate to an angle which is; a T-shaped puncture cannula 10 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cross rod of the large support 9, the T-shaped puncture cannula 10 is parallel to the two vertical rods of the large support 9 and is positioned in the same horizontal plane with the positioning points 7 of the vertebral columns at the two sides; the cross bar of the small support 11 is of a cylindrical structure, the middle part of the cross bar is vertically hinged and fixed with the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10 and is positioned below the large support 9, the small support 11 can rotate 90 degrees around the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10 in a plane vertical to the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, when the small support 11 is not used, the small support 11 is parallel to the large support 9 and leans against the puncture fixing frame 6, when the small support 11 is used, the small support 11 is fixed after rotating 90 degrees around the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, the hinging force between the small support 11 and the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10 is large, when the small support 11 is rotated by applying a rotating force, the small support 11 rotates around the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, and when the force application is stopped, the small support 11 keeps a relative position with the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10; the inner two ends of a cross rod cylinder of the small support 11 are respectively provided with a small support telescopic rod 22, the outer surface of the small support telescopic rod 22 is carved with scale marks, the small support telescopic rods 22 at the two sides can simultaneously contract inwards and stretch outwards the cross rod cylinder, the outer end parts of the two small support telescopic rods 22 are respectively and fixedly provided with a sucker connecting arm 20, the other end of the sucker connecting arm 20 is fixedly provided with a spinous process positioning sucker 12, the spinous process positioning sucker 12 is made of soft rubber and can be adsorbed and fixed on the surface of the skin of a human body, and the total length of the sucker connecting arm 20 after being connected with the spinous process positioning sucker 12 ensures that the bottoms of the two suckers and the bottom surface of the puncture fixing frame; a puncture needle core 14 is arranged in the puncture needle 13, and a clamping protrusion and a clamping groove are respectively arranged at the matching end surfaces of the tail part of the puncture needle 13 and the tail part of the puncture needle core 14, so that the puncture needle core 14 is prevented from rotating after matching; the fixed clamping groove support 16 is a cylinder, the diameter of the fixed clamping groove support is 8-15 mm, and a circular through hole with the diameter of 3-6 mm is formed in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support 16; one end of the fixed clamping groove support 16 is a hollow cylinder, the length of the cylinder part is two thirds of the length of the whole fixed clamping groove support 16, a spring buckle structure is arranged in the cylinder of the fixed clamping groove support 16, one end of a buckle push rod 17 is a fixed lantern ring locking switch 18, the other end of the buckle push rod is a circular fixed lantern ring 15 of an integrated structure, the diameter of the fixed lantern ring 15 is the same as that of a circular through hole in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support 16, the other end of the fixed lantern ring 15 is fixedly arranged in an inner cavity of the fixed clamping groove support 16 through a spring, the puncture needle 13 penetrates through the through hole in the middle of the fixed lantern ring 15 and the fixed clamping groove support 16, the fixed lantern ring 15, the spring and the through hole in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support 16 jointly realize a locking function, after the fixed lantern ring locking switch 18 is pressed, the, after the locking switch 18 of the fixed lantern ring is bounced, the through hole between the fixed lantern ring 15 and the fixed clamping groove bracket 16 is staggered and clamps the puncture needle 13; f-shaped fixed clamping grooves 19 are respectively sleeved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support 16, the fixed clamping grooves 19 can slide on the fixed clamping groove support 16 in a reciprocating mode, the top ends of the fixed clamping grooves 19 are fastened on the fixed clamping groove support 16 through bolts, and scale marks are respectively carved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support 16, so that the fixed positions of the fixed clamping grooves 19 on the two sides can be accurately corresponding; the distance between the two claws of the fixed clamping groove 19 is matched with the height of the T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture cannula 10, and the T-shaped puncture cannula 10 can be firmly clamped. The large support 9, the small support 11, the fixing lantern ring 15, the fixing clamping groove support 16, the buckle push rod 17 and the fixing clamping groove 19 are made of metal materials or medical PVC materials. Further, the tail part of the puncture needle 13 can be matched with a syringe to carry out intrathecal injection on the infant patient. Further, the suction cup connecting arm 20 is a hard plastic tube with elasticity, which can ensure that the two spinous process positioning suction cups 12 can be adsorbed on the two adjacent spinous processes when the large support is at 90 degrees.

When the device is used, a patient lies on the side of a hard board bed, the back of the patient is vertical to the bed surface, the head is bent towards the chest, the knees are held by the two hands and tightly attached to the abdomen, so that the trunk is arched, or an assistant holds the head of the patient with one hand opposite to the patient, holds the popliteal fossa of the two lower limbs by the other hand and tightly holds the popliteal fossa of the two lower limbs by force, so that the spine is protruded backwards as much as possible to widen the intervertebral space, and the needle insertion is facilitated; fully exposing the skin of the waist and the back, disinfecting the whole skin of the waist, adjusting the length adjusting belt 3 to be the longest, sticking the iliac spine positioning sticker 1 at the highest point of the iliac spine above, holding the puncture fixing frame 6 by hand, and respectively corresponding the spine positioning points 7 to spines at two sides of the puncture fixing frame 6; meanwhile, the buckle switch of the length adjusting belt 3 is pressed by one hand, the handle 5 of the length adjusting belt is stretched upwards by the other hand, the length adjusting belt 3 is adjusted to a proper length, and the buckle switch of the length adjusting belt 3 is loosened to fix the length adjusting belt 3; tearing off the paster on the back of the puncture fixing frame 6, and pasting the whole puncture fixing frame 6 on the skin after the spine positioning points 7 are corresponded; the large support 9 is erected to be vertical to the puncture fixing frame 6, the crossbeam of the small support 11 is rotated to be vertical to the large support 9, the sliding block 21 is pushed, the position of the large support 9 on the sliding rail 8 is adjusted to be on the right side of the length adjusting belt 3, the spinous process positioning sucker 12 on the left side of the small support 11 is fixed on the spinous process of the nearest vertebral body on the right side of the length adjusting belt 3, the lengths of the telescopic rods 22 of the two small supports are adjusted at the same time, the contraction lengths of the telescopic rods are consistent, the spinous process positioning sucker 12 on the right side is fixed on the spinous process of the adjacent next vertebral body, and the T-shaped puncture cannula 10 is; pressing down a fixed lantern ring locking switch 18 to enable a fixed lantern ring 15 to freely slide on a puncture needle 13, inserting the puncture needle 13 with the fixed lantern ring 15 into a T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, enabling two clamping claws of a fixed clamping groove 19 to be fixed on a T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, slowly pushing the puncture needle 13, inserting the puncture needle 13 into a vertebral canal along the vertical position of the T-shaped puncture sleeve 10, observing scales on the outer surface of the puncture needle 13, and pressing and bouncing the fixed lantern ring locking switch 18 to enable the puncture needle 13 to be fixed when the puncture reaches a required depth, wherein the puncture depth is fixed; the puncture needle core 14 is pulled out, and cerebrospinal fluid is reserved or intrathecal injection medicine treatment is carried out; after the operation is finished, the puncture needle core 14 is penetrated back, the fixed lantern ring locking switch 18 of the buckle push rod 17 is pressed down, the puncture needle 13 is pulled out, the small support 11 is rotated to the initial position, the gauze covers and presses the puncture point, the skin of the puncture part is disinfected, and the sterile dressing covers and is stuck and fixed; and finally, dismantling the whole device. The puncture depth is 10-40 mm.

Claims

1. A positioning and fixing device for pediatric lumbar puncture is characterized in that a main body structure comprises an iliac spine positioning patch, a length adjusting buckle, a length adjusting belt, a length adjusting buckle switch, a length adjusting belt handle, a puncture fixing frame, a spine positioning point, a slide rail, a large support, a T-shaped puncture cannula, a small support, a spinous process positioning sucker, a puncture needle core, a fixing sleeve ring, a fixing clamping groove support, a buckle push rod, a fixing sleeve ring locking switch, a fixing clamping groove, a sucker connecting arm, a slide block and a small support telescopic rod; the sticky iliac spine positioning paste on the back is a square fixing paste, and the side length of the square fixing paste is 10-50 mm; the length adjusting buckle made of plastic materials is fixedly arranged at the midpoint of the upper surface of the iliac spine positioning paste; the length adjusting belt penetrates through the length adjusting buckle, and a length adjusting buckle switch is arranged on the side surface of the length adjusting buckle; the length adjusting belt is made of elastic medical plastic and is 1-3 mm thick; one end of the length adjusting belt is provided with a length adjusting belt handle which is of an integrated structure, and the length adjusting belt handle is of a disc structure; the other end of the length adjusting belt is fixedly arranged at the right center of the outer side surface of the long side of the puncture fixing frame, the puncture fixing frame is of a hollow rectangular frame structure made of medical soft plastic materials, the length is 50-100 mm, the width is 40-80 mm, the thickness is 1-5 mm, medical fixing glue is arranged on the back of the puncture fixing frame, and the widths of the four frame sides are 10-20 mm; spine positioning points are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the upper surfaces of the two short edges of the puncture fixing frame, slide rails are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper surfaces of the two long edges, and the slide rails and the puncture fixing frame are of an integral structure and are made of the same material; the large support is a U-shaped support, two ends of the large support are respectively provided with a sliding block, the two sliding blocks are respectively clamped on the sliding rails on two sides, the sliding blocks and the sliding rails are in interference fit, and the maximum rotation angle of the large support is 90 degrees; the T-shaped puncture cannula is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cross rod of the large support, is parallel to the two vertical rods of the large support and is positioned in the same horizontal plane with the positioning points of the spinal columns at the two sides; the cross rod of the small support is of a cylindrical structure, the middle part of the cross rod is vertically hinged and fixed with the T-shaped puncture sleeve and is positioned below the large support, and the small support can rotate for 90 degrees around the T-shaped puncture sleeve in a plane vertical to the T-shaped puncture sleeve; the inner two ends of a cross rod cylinder of the small support are respectively provided with a small support telescopic rod, the outer surface of each small support telescopic rod is carved with scale marks, the small support telescopic rods on the two sides can simultaneously contract inwards and stretch outwards the cross rod cylinder, the outer end parts of the two small support telescopic rods are respectively and fixedly provided with a sucker connecting arm, the other end of each sucker connecting arm is fixedly provided with a spinous process positioning sucker, each spinous process positioning sucker is made of soft rubber, and the bottom parts of the two suckers and the bottom surface of the puncture fixing frame are positioned on the same horizontal plane due to the total length after the sucker connecting arms are connected with the spinous process positioning; a puncture needle core is arranged in the puncture needle; the fixed clamping groove support is a cylinder, the diameter of the fixed clamping groove support is 8-15 mm, and a circular through hole with the diameter of 3-6 mm is formed in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support; one end of the fixed clamping groove support is a hollow cylinder, a spring buckle structure is arranged in the cylinder of the fixed clamping groove support, one end of a buckle push rod is a fixed lantern ring locking switch, the other end of the buckle push rod is an integral circular fixed lantern ring, the diameter of the fixed lantern ring is the same as that of a circular through hole in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support, the other end of the fixed lantern ring is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the fixed clamping groove support through a spring, a puncture needle penetrates through the fixed lantern ring and the through hole in the middle of the fixed clamping groove support, and the fixed lantern ring, the spring and the through hole in; f-shaped fixed clamping grooves are respectively sleeved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support, the top ends of the fixed clamping grooves are fastened on the fixed clamping groove support through bolts, and scale marks are respectively engraved on two sides of the fixed clamping groove support; the distance between the two claws of the fixed clamping groove is matched with the height of the T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture cannula.

2. The positioning and fixing device for children lumbar puncture according to claim 1, wherein the length of the cylinder part of the fixing clip groove support is two thirds of the length of the whole fixing clip groove support, the connecting arm of the suction cup is a rigid plastic tube with elasticity, and the tail part of the puncture needle and the matching end surface of the tail part of the puncture needle core are respectively provided with a clipping convex and a clipping groove.

3. The using method of the child lumbar puncture positioning and fixing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the infant is laid on the side on a hard bed, the back is perpendicular to the bed surface, the head is flexed forward and the chest, the knees are held by both hands and the abdomen is tightly adhered to make the trunk be arched, or the assistant holds the head of the infant with one hand opposite to the patient, the other hand holds the popliteal fossa of both lower limbs and tightly holds with strength, the spine is protruded backward as much as possible to widen the intervertebral space, thereby facilitating the needle insertion; fully exposing the skin of the waist and the back, disinfecting the whole skin of the waist, adjusting the length adjusting belt to be the longest, sticking the iliac spine positioning sticker to the highest point of the iliac spine above, holding the puncture fixing frame by hand, and respectively corresponding the spine positioning points to spines at two sides of the puncture fixing frame; meanwhile, the length adjusting belt buckle switch is pressed by one hand, the length adjusting belt handle is stretched upwards by the other hand, the length adjusting belt is adjusted to a proper length, and the length adjusting belt buckle switch is loosened to fix the length adjusting belt; tearing off the sticker on the back of the puncture fixing frame, and sticking the whole puncture fixing frame to the skin after the spine positioning points are matched; the large support is erected to be vertical to the puncture fixing frame, the cross beam of the small support is rotated to be vertical to the large support, the sliding block is pushed, the position of the large support on the sliding rail is adjusted to be on the right side of the length adjusting belt, meanwhile, the positioning sucker of the left spinous process of the small support is fixed on the spinous process of the nearest vertebral body on the right side of the length adjusting belt, the length of the telescopic rods of the two small supports is adjusted, the two telescopic rods are contracted to be consistent in length, the positioning sucker of the right spinous process is fixed on the spinous process of the next adjacent vertebral body, and the T-shaped puncture cannula is; pressing down a fixed lantern ring locking switch to enable the fixed lantern ring to freely slide on a puncture needle, inserting the puncture needle with the fixed lantern ring into a T-shaped puncture sleeve, fixing two clamping jaws of a fixed clamping groove on a T-shaped boss of the T-shaped puncture sleeve, slowly pushing the puncture needle, inserting the puncture needle into a vertebral canal along the vertical position of the T-shaped puncture sleeve, observing scales on the outer surface of the puncture needle, pressing and bouncing the fixed lantern ring locking switch after the puncture reaches a required depth to enable the puncture needle to be fixed, and enabling the puncture depth to be constant; pulling out the puncture needle core, and reserving cerebrospinal fluid or performing intrathecal injection drug treatment; after the operation is finished, the puncture needle core is penetrated back, the fixing lantern ring locking switch of the buckle push rod is pressed down, the puncture needle is pulled out, the small support is rotated to the initial position, the gauze covers and presses the puncture point, the skin of the puncture part is disinfected, and the sterile dressing covers and is stuck and fixed; and finally, dismantling the whole device.