Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a motion information measurement method based on MIMO frequency modulation continuous wave radar coherent phase tracking, which realizes the sub-millimeter-scale motion information measurement by carrying out time domain filtering, phase analysis and phase compensation on the phase information of the received radar information, and breaks through the limitation that the traditional sawtooth wave modulation can not measure the object motion speed. In addition, the MIMO radar with M sending and N receiving is equivalent to the SIMO radar with 1 sending and M multiplied by N receiving (also called a virtual array antenna method) through the processing of the MIMO radar signals, the spatial resolution of the radar is greatly improved, and the accurate measurement of the motion information of the targets in different directions is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a motion information measuring method based on MIMO frequency modulation continuous wave radar coherent phase tracking.
The reconstruction means that: and obtaining orthogonal signals and reconstructing a complex domain beat frequency signal after the received signals are subjected to multiplier, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion sampling.
The coherent phase target tracking algorithm is as follows: and performing time domain filtering, phase analysis and phase compensation on the complex domain beat frequency signal to obtain the motion track of the detection target.
The MIMO frequency modulation continuous wave radar system comprises: phase-locked loop, radio frequency module, intermediate frequency amplification module, ADC and MCU, wherein: the MCU generates different modulation waveforms by configuring a phase-locked loop to realize a corresponding modulation mode, the modulation waveforms generated by the phase-locked loop are input to the voltage-controlled oscillator and generate a transmitting signal, the transmitting signal is transmitted to a detection target through a transmitting antenna and generates a scattering phenomenon, a reflection signal with modulated detection target motion information is generated, a receiving signal obtained by each receiving antenna and the transmitting signal respectively pass through an orthogonal differential multiplier to obtain a plurality of orthogonal signals, and the orthogonal signals are amplified, subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and sampling and then restored by the MCU to obtain the motion information of the detection target.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the technical problems of accurate measurement of the motion information of the target object and measurement of the angle of the target object relative to the radar by the MIMO frequency modulation continuous wave radar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has higher working frequency range, is very sensitive to micro motion and can realize the measurement of submillimeter-level motion information; the time-domain filtering is adopted to further increase the measurement precision; the time-domain filtering can not only filter out the receiving and transmitting coupled signals, but also filter out the reflected signals in the environment by subtracting the no-load (no-load for short when no detection target exists) signals in the same environment theoretically, thereby greatly improving the adaptability of the FMCW radar system to the environment; the adoption of the phase compensation method greatly improves the measurement accuracy; the processing of the MIMO radar signals both reduces the cost and improves the performance of the system.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the MIMO fm continuous wave radar system according to the present embodiment includes: phase-locked loop, radio frequency module, intermediate frequency amplification module, ADC and MCU, wherein: the MCU generates different modulation waveforms by configuring a phase-locked loop to realize corresponding modulation modes, the modulation waveforms generated by the phase-locked loop are input to a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and generate transmitting signals, the transmitting signals are transmitted to a detection target through transmitting antennas TX1 and TX2 … TXM and generate scattering phenomenon, reflected signals modulated with motion information of the detection target are generated and received by receiving antennas RX1 and RX2.
The configuration is as follows: sawtooth or triangular wave modulation, centre frequency fcModulation bandwidth B and pulse repetition Period (PRT) t0。
Said transmitted signal is approximated as
Wherein: a. the
0Is the signal amplitude, f
cIs the center frequency, B is the modulation bandwidth, t
0Is PRT, phi
0The initial phase, t is the "fast time" (i.e., the time in one cycle),
said received signal is approximated as s
r(t)=ρA
0s
t(t- Δ t), wherein: ρ is the amplitude relationship of the transmitted and received signals, which is mainly related to the transmission loss and the radar scattering area of the detected target. Mixing the transmitting signal and the receiving signal to obtain a beat signal
The frequency domain form of the beat frequency signal is approximately:
wherein: c is the speed of light, R (t ') is the distance of the target from the radar at time t ', t ' is the "slow time" (i.e., the time taken together at a discrete time point in a cycle), in the frequency domain,
represents | S
b(f) The horizontal coordinate of | can be converted into the distance of the detection target,
the position change information of the detection target in the submillimeter level can be obtained through conversion.
As shown in fig. 2, the principle of the virtual array antenna method is: taking a 2 × 2 radar antenna array as an example, signals transmitted by TX1 and TX2 are received by RX1 and RX2. In the figure, theta is an azimuth angle where the detection target is located; i is
1And I
2Excitation of TX1 and TX2, respectively; k is a wave vector, and the direction is pointed to a detection target by an antenna;
respectively the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the different transmitting antennas by the different receiving antennas. As shown in fig. 3, according to the difference of the transmission distance of the electromagnetic wave,
is approximated to
Wherein:
i 1, 2,
j 1, 2, each of which is described
Can be equivalent to a virtual receiving antenna RX
ijAnd RX
ijIs Ti + Rj, so that the binary receive antenna array is extended to a quaternary virtual antenna array. The MIMO radar with M transmitting and N receiving can be equivalent to the SIMO radar with 1 transmitting and M multiplied by N receiving by the same principle.
The embodiment relates to a coherent phase target tracking algorithm of the system, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) complex-field beat signal acquisition: taking an orthogonal signal s obtained by a certain path of RX receiving circuit which enters MCU through ADC samplingbI(p) and sbQ(p), p is an integer. Reconstructing a complex-domain beat signal sb(p)=sbI(p)+jsbQ(p)。
2) And (3) time domain filtering: taking a section (such as 20 seconds) of beat frequency signal s when a temporarily sampled or stored system has no detection target (short for no load)bn(p); ② take sbn(p) and s b1 to M (═ t) of (p)0fs) Point out to obtain sbn(pm) And sb(pm). Subtracting the two to obtain sbx(pm). (iii) to sbx(pm) Performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain Sbx(f) Taking it at 0-2 PRT-1Maximum value S within the rangebx(f)max. Fourthly, s isbn(p) all values are shifted one bit forward to get sbn1(p)=sbn(p + 1). Will sbn1And (p) as a new signal when the system is in no-load, repeating the step (c) to obtain a new maximum value. Repeating the operation for M times by analogy to obtain M maximum values, and forming an array P (serial numbers 1-M) by the M maximum values in sequence. Taking the number P corresponding to the minimum value in PxAnd obtaining a beat frequency signal after time domain filtering: sbx(p)=sb(p)-sbn(p+px-1)。
3) Phase analysis: firstly, beat frequency signal s
bx(p) obtaining a detection matrix R (n, M) with every M dots as a row
N×MFor the detection matrix R (n, m)
N×MPerforms Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on each row to obtain a frequency domain matrix F (n, m')
N×M′M' depends on the length of the fast Fourier transform, p is an integer, and the sampling rate is f
s,M=t
0f
s. At t
0At time n, the distance of the detectable object is
Wherein: f. of
d(t
0n)=m
n″f
s,m
n"is F (n, m')
N×M′The abscissa of the maximum value in the nth row. ② find the frequency domain matrix F (n, m')
N×M′And stores the abscissa of these maxima in a vector ix
N×1Removing vector ix
N×1Taking the rest ix after the maximum value and the minimum value in
(N-2)×1Is rounded to an integer m
0. ③ taking the frequency domain matrix F (n, m')
N×M′M of (1)
0Complex phase vector iy of points of a column
N×1Then the preliminarily obtained target motion track information r (t)
0n)=iy(n)c/(4πf
c)。
4) Phase compensation: because the circuit system has asynchronous problem, namely the sampling clock and the FMCW pulse period are asynchronous, the tiny asynchronous error can be accumulated along with the time, the phase information can be added with a linear deviation, and the measurement loses the accuracy if the compensation is not carried out. For a particular system, the additional linear change at each frequency point may be measured first or may be measured temporally. The specific measurement method is as follows: taking a time (for example, 5s) of dead-time beat frequency signals, and measuring a certain m through the steps 1) to 3)0Trace r (t) of0n)=iy(n)c/(4πfc) Note that m in step 2) at this time0Is specified. ② get r (t)0n)=iy(n)c/(4πfc) The slope k is obtained from two points p1, p2 on the trajectory. (iii) Change m0Can measure different m0The value of k at (1) is denoted as k (m)0). For a certain trajectory r (t)0n)=iy(n)c/(4πfc) Its corresponding column is m0Then the phase compensation result is: r' (t)0n)=iy(n)c/(4πfc)-k(m0) n is the same as the formula (I). Namely the finally detected motion trail information of the target.
This example demonstrates the accuracy of the above method by detecting a palm micromotion:
parameter configuration: sawtooth wave modulation, center frequency fc80GHz, modulation bandwidth B4 GHz, and pulse repetition Period (PRT) t0=6ms。
As shown in fig. 4, a radar panel is placed on a desktop, a palm is placed at a position about 10cm above the radar panel and slightly moves up and down, the amplitude is about 15mm, the operation is stopped after 7s, the micro movement is started after 13s, the total time lasts for 15s, and the acquired data are processed by adopting an algorithm for measuring target movement information by a phase method, so that an experimental result shown in fig. 5 is obtained.
As shown in fig. 5, for the palm motion trajectory obtained by using the coherent phase target tracking algorithm, it can be seen that the motion amplitude, the motion time, and the resting time of the measured motion trajectory are substantially consistent.
This example demonstrates the accuracy of the above method by detecting the presence of a human body:
parameter configuration: sawtooth wave modulation, center frequency fc80GHz, modulation bandwidth B4 GHz, and pulse repetition Period (PRT) t0=6ms。
As shown in fig. 6, a radar plate is placed on a desktop, no object is above the radar plate, and a human body leans against the desk and bends down until the body enters a position about 20cm above the radar plate for 2-3 s; standing the body until no object is above the radar plate, and processing the acquired data to obtain a distance map of the human body from the radar plate.
As shown in fig. 7, when a human body is present, the human body may be detected to be about 20cm from the radar, and a process of the human body being departing may be detected. When the human body does not appear, because the energy detected by the system is very small, the interference is much, when the detected energy is too small, the human body can be judged to be not present, and the detection distance is set to be 0, which indicates that the human body is not present.
The coherent phase target tracking algorithm provided by the invention is adopted to process the same beat frequency signal, and the tracking of submillimeter-level motion information is realized. Meanwhile, the measurement of the angle of the target relative to the radar is realized and the spatial resolution is improved by combining the MIMO radar signal processing.
Through concrete actual experiment to sawtooth wave modulation, 4GHz scanning bandwidth, the above-mentioned device of the parameter operation of center frequency point 80GHz, the experimental data that can obtain are: the micro-motion process of the palm is shown in fig. 4.
Compared with the prior art, the method has higher working frequency range and is more sensitive to micromotion; the time-domain filtering is adopted to further increase the measurement precision; the time-domain filtering can not only filter out the receiving and transmitting coupled signals, but also filter out the reflected signals in the environment by subtracting the system no-load signals in the same environment theoretically, thereby greatly improving the adaptability of the FMCW radar system to the environment; the adoption of the phase compensation method greatly improves the measurement accuracy; the motion measurement precision above a submillimeter level is realized on the whole; the processing of the MIMO radar signals both reduces the cost and improves the performance of the system.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and not by the preceding embodiments, and all embodiments within their scope are intended to be limited by the scope of the invention.