CN111289564A - Device and method for simulating heat transfer and flow rules in hot oil spraying and heating process of oil storage tank - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating heat transfer and flow rules in hot oil spraying and heating process of oil storage tank Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat transfer and flow law simulation device and a method in the hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank, wherein the heat transfer and flow law simulation device in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank comprises: the particle image monitoring device comprises an experiment storage tank, a rectangular cavity, a particle image speed measuring device, a data acquisition control system and a heating device, wherein the experiment storage tank and the rectangular cavity are made of the same material and are transparent, the experiment storage tank is arranged in the rectangular cavity, and an experiment medium is filled between the rectangular cavity and the experiment storage tank; the bottom of the tank is provided with a plurality of groups of heating coils, a plurality of interfaces are arranged on the heating pipes at equal intervals, and the interfaces are detachably connected with the nozzles; switching the experiment process by switching valves to construct different experiment working conditions; the particle image speed measuring device obtains flowing and temperature distribution data of a medium in an experiment storage tank by shooting tracer particles and a temperature coloring agent which are mixed in an experiment medium in advance. The device can simulate the hot oil spraying and heating process of the crude oil storage tank by constructing, and realizes the visualization of the flow field and the temperature field of the crude oil storage tank.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of research on heat transfer and flow rules in a storage tank for storing crude oil or product oil in a hot oil spraying and heating process, in particular to a device and a method for simulating the heat transfer and flow rules in the hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank.
Background art:
according to the national medium and long term planning of oil reserves, the total reserve scale equivalent to 100 days of net import of oil is formed by China plans before 2020, but according to multi-party measurement and calculation, the current crude oil reserve of China is still equivalent to less than 40 days of net import of oil, and in the face of the current international oil price form, China inevitably expands the reserve of oil strategy, and simultaneously actively develops the reserve power of private enterprises and society. As the storage capacity of crude oil increases, safety and economic problems in the storage process become more and more important. Because most of crude oil produced in China is easy to congeal and high in viscosity, the crude oil has poor fluidity at normal temperature and miscellaneous physical property changes at low temperature, and generally has improper operation in management, and safety accidents such as pipe congelation, tank congelation and the like are easy to occur.
In order to ensure the safe storage of the easily coagulated and highly viscous crude oil, heating measures are generally adopted in industry. The crude oil storage tank has multiple heating methods, and the tubular heating method is relatively common in industry, and is an indirect heating method, wherein steam generated by external equipment such as a boiler and the like is utilized to carry out indirect heat exchange with crude oil through a heating pipe in the storage tank to heat, and a heat transfer working medium can adopt steam or hot water. According to different heater structures, the heater comprises a sectional type heater, a serpentine tube type heater, a U-shaped tube type heater, a three-dimensional structure heater and the like. The heater with the structure mode is convenient to mount, dismount and repair, the heating area of the heater is easy to adjust according to the heating quantity requirement, different groups in the heating structure are mutually independent, when a certain group breaks down, the group can be stopped, and the normal work of other groups is not influenced. However, the method has obvious defects, such as uneven distribution in the storage tank, uneven distribution of oil temperature, slow heating rate, and damage to weld joints of pipes due to more pipe joints. Therefore, the heating structure is often used in an oil tank which does not require strict control of water content, intermittent heating work, and frequent adjustment of a heating area.
The tubular heater is a heating mode mainly adopted in the early stage of the crude oil storage tank, but after long-term operation, the steel pipe is easy to rust and damage, and once a hole is punched, working media such as leaked steam and the like can affect the quality of an oil product. In recent years, hot oil circulation methods are gradually put into use in large-scale oil depots due to the defects of high heat transfer efficiency and elimination of influences on oil quality caused by equipment faults, and by taking Daqing oil fields as examples, the heating mode is almost adopted for crude oil and finished oil tanks through transformation and new construction. In principle, the hot oil circulation adopts a forced circulation heating mode outside a tank, and the basic principle is that under the premise that oil in the tank is still in a flowing state, the oil is pumped out of the tank by a pump, heated by a heat exchanger or a heating furnace and pumped back into a storage tank, and the oil temperature is raised by convection between cold oil and hot oil. The heating mode needs to be provided with a hot oil pump for circulating hot oil, and when a heat exchanger is adopted, a boiler is needed to provide heat exchange working media. Although the hot oil circulation heating process mode has good application effect in practical production, certain defects exist, such as the limitation of a heater structure, and the heating mode also has inevitable heating dead zones. In addition, the heating process has higher requirement on the viscosity of fluid, the lower the viscosity of the fluid is, the more violent the mixing heat exchange of the cold and hot crude oil in the heating process is, and the working characteristics of the hot oil pump are even influenced when the viscosity is too high. Theoretically speaking, through adjusting hot oil temperature and flow among the hot oil circulation heating process, can reduce the heating blind spot to a certain extent, the mixing intensity of regulation and control cold-hot oil, and then change the heating effect. However, at present, the knowledge of the heating mode is limited to industrial application, and due to the strong coupling characteristics of the flow and the heat transfer involved in the heating process, and the complex physical property change of the heated medium, the related theoretical research is slow to progress, and the establishment of an effective regulation and control method and an optimization and improvement measure of the heating process mode is hindered. In the existing research, the first inventor of the present application has studied the coupling rule of heat transfer and flow of crude oil in the heating mode in a numerical simulation mode, discussed the influence rule of heating temperature and flow on the temperature field, velocity field and heating effect in the storage tank, and proposed the regulation and control method of the hot oil circulation heating process, but the research is mainly based on theoretical research, and due to lack of powerful experimental condition support, the obtained research results need to be further refined and summarized. Essentially, the hot oil circulation heating mode belongs to the application of the jet technology in the heat transfer field, and the jet generated by the hot oil circulation is acted by the initial momentum and the buoyancy generated by the density difference of cold hot oil, so the jet belongs to the buoyancy jet type in the jet. For buoyancy jet, a great deal of research has been carried out in the fields of environmental hydrodynamics and the like, mainly aiming at the problems of warm water drainage and sewage discharge. However, due to the significant difference of the practical space environment, the process conditions and the physical conditions of the heated medium, the existing research results related to the buoyancy jet cannot be directly applied to the heating cycle heating process of the crude oil storage tank.
The hot oil spraying heating process has obvious advantages and further popularization and application prospects, but the basic characteristics of the heating process, particularly the distribution and evolution rules of a temperature field and a velocity field in the heating process, and the strong coupling characteristics of the physicochemical performances of heat transfer, flowing and heated media are not known enough at present.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a heat transfer and flow law simulation device in the hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank, which is used for solving the problem that the existing research results related to buoyancy jet flow cannot be directly applied to the heating circulation heating process of a crude oil storage tank.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the simulation device for the heat transfer and flow law in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank comprises an experimental storage tank, a rectangular cavity, a particle image speed measuring device, a data acquisition control system and a heating device, wherein the experimental storage tank and the rectangular cavity are transparent and made of the same material; the experimental storage tank is provided with a floating roof, the floating roof is provided with a plurality of testing holes, the testing pipe penetrates through the testing holes and extends into the experimental storage tank, the part extending out of the floating roof is connected with the data acquisition control system through a lead, and the testing pipe is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors; the bottom of the tank wall is provided with a storage tank inlet and a storage tank outlet, the bottom of the tank is provided with a plurality of groups of heating coils, each group of heating tubes is provided with a plurality of interfaces at equal intervals, and the interfaces are detachably connected with the nozzles; the inlet of the storage tank, the outlet of the storage tank and the inlets of the plurality of groups of heating coils are all connected with corresponding branch pipelines, each branch pipeline is provided with a valve, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor and forms an experimental pipeline, the other end of the experimental pipeline is connected with a group of heating boxes, a group of centrifugal pumps are arranged between the heating boxes and the experimental storage tank, different branch pipelines are mutually communicated through switching valves, experimental processes are switched, and different experimental working conditions are constructed; the particle image speed measuring device obtains flowing and temperature distribution data of a medium in an experiment storage tank by shooting tracer particles and a temperature coloring agent which are mixed in an experiment medium in advance.
Nozzle and return bend threaded connection among the above-mentioned scheme, the return bend other end and interface connection, nozzle and return bend have multiple shape and specification, through the return bend and the nozzle independent assortment of different specifications and shapes to whether the interface that combines different positions on the heating coil installs return bend and nozzle, realize the observation of multiple operating mode, research different factors are to hot oil spray effect's influence.
The particle image speed measuring device in the scheme comprises an image acquisition system, a laser light source system and a software system in a computer.
According to the technical scheme, the particle image speed measuring device obtains three-dimensional flow and temperature data of the whole experiment medium by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are added to the experiment medium in advance, the acquired data temperature field is synchronous with the speed field, and accurate three-dimensional temperature field data is obtained by combining the temperature data of the temperature sensor and the temperature data of the temperature coloring agent and is used for analyzing the coupling characteristics of three-dimensional temperature and speed.
The mode that a plurality of temperature sensor of test tube installation in above-mentioned scheme does: the testing pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes, the head of the temperature sensor extends out of the small holes on the testing pipe, the temperature sensor and the small holes are sealed by plastic with the same material as the testing pipe, and the surface of the testing pipe extending out of the floating roof is coated with heat-insulating coating.
In the scheme, the experimental medium adopts simulation oil, the simulation oil takes isooctane and transformer oil as solvents, paraffin as solute, the chemical composition of the simulation oil is convenient to control, and experimental media with different physical properties can be obtained.
An experimental method for a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
firstly, a nozzle and a bent pipe with preset shapes and specifications are detachably arranged on a preset interface;
secondly, heating the experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
adjusting the position of the floating roof of the experimental storage tank to enable the experimental storage tank to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, outputting the experimental medium reaching the preset temperature at the preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump, and enabling the experimental medium to flow through the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and enter the experimental storage tank;
fifthly, opening a nozzle inlet valve and a nozzle outlet valve after the experimental medium reaches a liquid storage space with a proper height, and starting hot oil spraying;
opening an outlet valve of the storage tank, returning the experimental medium to the heating device through the second centrifugal pump, and controlling the liquid level of the experimental storage tank to be constant during the period when the experimental medium passes through the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor;
seventhly, acquiring the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experiment tank by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are premixed in the experiment medium, and combining the flowing and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
eighthly, when the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank reaches the preset temperature, removing the floating roof, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank to the heating device through the second centrifugal pump according to the preset flow;
and ninthly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the outlet height of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging residual experimental medium from the bottom of the tank.
An oil storage tank oil inlet and outlet process experimental method is characterized in that:
firstly, heating an experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
adjusting the position of the floating roof to enable the experimental storage tank to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, conveying a medium reaching a preset temperature at a preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump, enabling the medium to flow through the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and entering the experimental storage tank;
opening an outlet valve of the storage tank, and outputting the oil product at a preset flow rate through a second centrifugal pump to enable the oil product to flow back to the heating device;
fifthly, acquiring the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experiment storage tank by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are pre-mixed in the experiment medium, and combining the flowing and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
sixthly, removing the floating roof after the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank reaches the preset temperature, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank to the heating device through the outlet of the storage tank according to the preset flow rate through the second centrifugal pump;
and seventhly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the height of the outlet of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging the residual medium from the bottom.
An experimental method for a standing process of an oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating an experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
adjusting the position of the floating roof to enable the experimental storage tank to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, conveying a medium reaching a preset temperature at a preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump, enabling the medium to flow through the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and entering the experimental storage tank;
fourthly, when the liquid level reaches a preset height, closing all the valves;
fifthly, acquiring the flow and temperature distribution conditions of the test medium in the test storage tank by shooting the trace particles and the temperature coloring agent which are premixed in the test medium, and combining the flow and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
sixthly, removing the floating roof after the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank reaches the preset temperature, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank to the heating device through the outlet of the storage tank according to the preset flow rate through the second centrifugal pump;
and seventhly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the height of the outlet of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging the residual medium from the bottom.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can simulate the hot oil spraying heating process of the crude oil storage tank and realize the visual experiment device of the flow field and the temperature field of the crude oil storage tank, thereby providing urgent research conditions for deeply developing the heat transfer characteristic of the hot oil spraying heating process, forming a regulation and control method of the hot oil spraying heating process and further optimizing the heater structure, process parameters and the like.
The invention can realize the visualization of the flow and temperature of the oil storage tank in the hot oil spraying and heating process, the oil receiving and sending process and the standing process, obtain detailed three-dimensional temperature field and speed field data, has rich and accurate test data and accurately controllable experimental conditions, is favorable for deeply researching the temperature and flow coupling characteristics of the crude oil spraying and heating process, can further calculate parameters such as synergy angle, uniformity and the like, and provides experimental conditions for researching the flow and heat transfer coupling characteristics of the crude oil storage tank under different processes.
The invention has Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), through shooting tracer particle and temperature coloring agent mixed in the experimental medium in advance, can obtain the flow and temperature distribution data of the medium in the experimental storage tank, its data collection has the characteristics of completeness, detail and synchronous temperature field and velocity field; by combining the temperature data of the temperature sensor with the temperature data of the temperature stain, more accurate three-dimensional temperature field data can be obtained.
The heating pipe interface can be connected with bent pipes with different specifications, the bent pipes and the nozzles for hot oil spraying are in threaded connection, the bent pipes and the nozzles with different specifications and shapes are freely combined, the nozzles with different shapes and different diameters can be selected, and whether the bent pipes and the nozzles are installed on the interfaces at different positions on the heating pipe or not is combined, so that the flexibility of formulating an experimental scheme is enhanced, various simulation working conditions can be realized, various working conditions can be observed, and the influence of different factors on the hot oil spraying effect can be conveniently researched.
And (V) the inlet and the outlet of the experimental storage tank and corresponding pipelines are provided with a plurality of valves, so that the flows can be freely switched, and the simulation of various working flows, such as the flows of heating by a single group of heating nozzles, free combined heating by a plurality of groups of heating nozzles, conveying experimental media to the experimental storage tank by double pipes and the like, can be conveniently realized. And the pipe network wall is covered by the heat insulation material, and the temperature of the medium entering the experiment storage tank can be controlled more accurately and more effectively by adjusting the heating device of the medium. The rotating speed of a centrifugal pump in the pipe network system can be adjusted to be matched with a flow sensor, so that the flow of hot oil spraying media can be accurately controlled.
And (VI) the invention simultaneously measures a three-dimensional temperature field and a velocity field, and the measured data can be used for analyzing the coupling characteristics of the three-dimensional temperature and velocity, such as and not limited to calculating the synergy angle of the temperature field and the velocity field, the uniformity of the temperature field, the energy utilization rate of the device, the average flow velocity and the average temperature.
The rectangular square cavity is additionally arranged around the experiment storage tank, and experiment media are filled between the rectangular square cavity and the wall of the experiment storage tank and in the experiment storage tank, so that deflection caused by laser incident into different media is avoided, the heat preservation effect of the wall of the experiment storage tank is improved, and experiment errors are greatly reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: is a process diagram of the experimental device of the invention.
FIG. 2: is a structural schematic diagram of the experimental storage tank.
FIG. 3: is a structure diagram of the experimental nozzle of the invention.
FIG. 4: is a schematic view of nozzles with different shapes and diameters and bent pipes with different angles; wherein FIG. 4a is a different angle elbow; FIG. 4b shows nozzles of different diameters; fig. 4c shows a different shape of the nozzle.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the point i in fig. 1.
1 rectangular cavity 2 computer 3 experiment storage tank 4 image acquisition system 5 laser light source system 6 test tube 7 data acquisition system 8 first centrifugal pump 9 heating device 10 test hole 11 top cover plate 12 heating tube 13 nozzle 14 return bend 15 screw base 16 second centrifugal pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention provides an experimental device and method for researching heat transfer and flow rules of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank, which are suitable for testing the flow and temperature distribution conditions of crude oil and finished oil, and researching the heat transfer and flow coupling characteristics of the crude oil and the finished oil in the processes of hot oil spraying and heating, standing storage and oil receiving and sending in the storage tank.
As shown in figure 1, the simulation device for the heat transfer and flow law in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank comprises a cylindrical experimental storage tank 3, a floating roof is movable, is in close contact with an experimental oil sample, and is connected with the tank wall through a sealing structure; the floating roof is provided with a plurality of through testing holes 10, the testing tube 6 provided with a plurality of temperature sensors passes through the testing holes 10 and extends into the experimental storage tank 3, and the part extending out of the floating roof is connected with a data acquisition control system through a lead; the tank wall of the experimental storage tank 3 is provided with an inlet and an outlet which are connected with pipelines for flowing in and out of the experimental medium into the tank; the tank wall is also provided with a plurality of groups of inlet and outlet of the heating pipes, and the inlet and outlet are connected with pipelines which flow in and out of the heated experimental medium into the tank; experiment storage tank 3 installs a set of valve outward, will carry and be added the pipeline of experiment medium and link to each other, through the on-off mode of switching valve for can communicate each other between different pipelines, switch the experiment flow, establish different experiment operating modes. Temperature and flow sensors are installed on all pipelines so as to collect data in real time. The other end of the experiment pipeline is connected with a group of heating boxes (heating devices 9), and a group of centrifugal pumps are arranged between the heating boxes and the experiment storage tank 3 and used for pumping experiment media. A plurality of groups of heating pipes 12 are arranged in the experiment storage tank 3, a plurality of interfaces are arranged on each group of heating pipes 12 at equal intervals, and the heating pipes can be connected with nozzles 13 for spraying experiment media. The tank top and the tank wall of the experimental storage tank 3 are both made of transparent industrial plastics. Experiment storage tank 3 imbeds in the rectangle cavity 1 of a same material, and the experiment medium is full of between rectangle cavity 1 and the experiment storage tank 3 to avoid light to take place the deflection, and the medium outside the experiment storage tank 3 plays certain heat preservation effect to experiment storage tank wall.
The experimental system is also provided with a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) which comprises an image acquisition system 4, a software system in the computer 2 and a laser light source system 5, and the flow and temperature distribution data of the medium in the experimental storage tank 3 can be obtained by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are mixed in the experimental medium in advance. Three-dimensional flowing and temperature data of the whole experiment medium are obtained by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are added to the experiment medium in advance, and more accurate three-dimensional temperature field data can be obtained by combining the temperature data of the temperature sensor and the temperature data of the temperature coloring agent.
The experimental medium is heated to a preset temperature from the heating device 9, is conveyed to the experimental storage tank 3 through the first centrifugal pump 8 at a preset flow rate, and can realize various process flows such as single-group heating nozzle heating, free combination heating of multiple groups of heating nozzles, double-pipe simultaneous conveying of the experimental medium to the experimental storage tank 3 and the like through a plurality of valves, and the testing pipe 6 packaged with the temperature sensor transmits temperature data to the data acquisition control system 7. The experimental facility simultaneously measures a three-dimensional temperature field and a velocity field, and the measurement data can be used for analyzing the coupling characteristics of the three-dimensional temperature and velocity, such as and not limited to calculating the synergy angle of the temperature field and the velocity field, the uniformity of the temperature field, the energy utilization rate of the device, the average flow velocity and the average temperature.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the experimental storage tank of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the experimental storage tank 3 is designed according to the structural characteristics of the actual storage tank and is made of transparent industrial plastics. The height-diameter ratio is designed by referring to the real height-diameter ratio of the storage tank, and is core equipment for realizing a hot oil spraying and heating process, an oil receiving and sending process and standing storage. There is the top that floats on 3 upper portions of experiment storage tank, portable lamina tecti 11, floats to push up and opens and have a plurality of test holes 10 that run through, and the test tube 6 of having capsulated a plurality of temperature sensor and wire passes test hole 10 and gets into the jar, is connected with test hole 10 through sealing member, and the position of test hole 10 is through the preferred of numerical simulation result. The lower part of the tank wall is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet which are respectively connected with the first centrifugal pump 8 and the second centrifugal pump 16 through a temperature metering device and a flow metering device. The bottom of the experimental storage tank 3 is provided with a plurality of groups of heating pipes 12, and the heating pipes 12 are provided with a plurality of connectors at equal intervals.
The experimental medium in the hot oil spraying and heating process adopts simulated oil, the simulated oil adopts isooctane, transformer oil and the like as solvents, and paraffin is used as a solute. The chemical composition of the simulated oil is convenient to control, and experimental mediums with different physical properties can be obtained.
The elbow 14 and the nozzle 13 for spraying hot oil are connected by screw threads, and the device is provided with the nozzle 13 and the elbow 14 in various shapes and specifications. Through the elbow 14 and the nozzle 13 free combination of different specifications and shape to whether the joint of different positions on the combination heating pipe 12 installs elbow 14 and nozzle 13, strengthened the flexibility that the experimental scheme formulated, can observe multiple operating mode, be convenient for study different factors and spray the influence of effect to hot oil. FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of an experimental nozzle. As shown, the interface of the heating tube 12 is connected to the elbow 14 through the threaded base 15, and the elbow 14 is connected to the nozzle 13 through the threads. The shape, diameter and angle of the nozzle 13 and the elbow 14 are various, so that the design of the experimental scheme is more flexible and diversified. FIG. 4 is a schematic view of nozzles of different shapes and diameters and elbows of different angles.
A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the test tube 6, the heads of the temperature sensors extend out through small holes in the test tube, and the heads of the temperature sensors and the small holes are sealed by plastic which is made of the same material as the test tube 6. The test tube 6 extends out of the tank, and the surface of the test tube is coated with heat insulation paint.
The invention provides a pipe network system with various processes. The inlet and outlet of the experimental storage tank and corresponding pipelines are provided with a plurality of valves, so that the processes can be freely switched, and the simulation of various working processes, such as the processes of heating by a single group of heating nozzles, freely combining and heating by a plurality of groups of heating nozzles 13, conveying experimental media to the experimental storage tank 3 by double pipes at the same time, and the like, can be conveniently realized. And the pipe network wall is covered by the heat preservation material, and the temperature of the medium entering the experiment storage tank 3 can be controlled more accurately and more effectively by adjusting the heating device 9 of the medium. The rotating speed of a centrifugal pump in the pipe network system can be adjusted to be matched with a flow sensor, so that the flow of hot oil spraying media can be accurately controlled.
The simulation method for the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank can be divided into the following experimental steps of preparation before experiment, shooting in the hot oil spraying and heating process and the like:
preparation before experiment: checking whether the experimental device is in a normal operation state, comprising: whether the temperature and flow sensor test data are accurate and stable, whether the data acquisition system 7 and software reading are stable, whether the data storage is normal, whether the centrifugal pump operates normally, whether the valve is in a normal on-off state, whether the oil discharge pipe and the oil inlet pipe are connected correctly, whether the interface is firm, an experimental medium is injected into the heating device 9, and the temperature and flow control system are adjusted to enable the oil sample to reach a preset temperature and flow uniformly and stably. And opening and checking whether the laser device and the particle image speed measurement software system normally operate.
Hot oil spray heating process shooting: the heating system and the valve opening degree are controlled to enable the test medium to be uniformly and stably sprayed at a preset temperature and flow rate, and meanwhile, the particle image speed measuring device is adopted to shoot hot oil spraying processes at different times.
And (3) data analysis: according to the visualized flow distribution data and the corresponding temperature distribution data, the flow and temperature distribution in the hot oil spraying circulation heating process can be visualized, and the heat transfer and flow coupling characteristics of the crude oil in the hot oil spraying circulation heating process can be analyzed.
Shooting in and out of oil: optionally, the heating coil valve is closed, the oil inlet and the oil outlet are separately opened, so that the test medium uniformly and stably flows through the oil inlet and the oil outlet at a preset temperature and flow rate, and meanwhile, a particle image speed measuring device is adopted to shoot the oil inlet and outlet processes at different times.
Shooting in a standing process: optionally, all valves are closed, the natural temperature reduction process of crude oil in the floating roof storage tank is simulated, and meanwhile, the particle image speed measuring device is adopted to shoot the standing processes at different times.
Cleaning stored oil: after the experiment is finished, the heating device 9 is adjusted to heat the residual media in the experimental storage tank 3, the residual media are discharged from the oil discharge port below the storage tank, and meanwhile, the pipeline is cleaned by compressed air through the air compressor, so that all the residual media are discharged from the oil discharge port.
After the experimental scheme is selected, the experimental steps are repeated, the flowing and temperature visualization of crude oil under different conditions can be realized by changing the height of the tank top, the heating temperature and the spraying flow of the experimental medium, and the influence rule of different factors on the crude oil temperature and the flowing coupling characteristic is analyzed.
The experimental method provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
1. an experimental method for a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
a hot oil nozzle 13 and a bent pipe 14 with preset shapes and specifications are installed on the preset interface; heating the experimental medium to a preset temperature by using heating equipment; adjusting the position of the tank top to enable the experimental storage tank 3 to form a liquid storage space with a specified height; opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, outputting the experimental medium reaching the preset temperature at the preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump 8, enabling the experimental medium to flow through the flow rate, pressure and temperature sensors, and then entering the experimental storage tank 3; after the liquid storage space with proper height is reached, the inlet and outlet valves of the nozzle are opened. Hot oil spraying is started; opening an outlet valve of the storage tank, returning the medium to the heating equipment through the second centrifugal pump 16 by the flow, pressure and temperature sensors, and controlling the liquid level of the experimental storage tank to be constant in the period; by shooting the trace particles and the temperature stain premixed in the experimental medium, the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experimental storage tank 3 can be obtained and combined with the data of the temperature sensor; when the medium in the experiment storage tank 3 reaches the preset temperature, the tank top is removed, and the medium in the experiment storage tank 3 is conveyed to the heating device 9 through the oil outlet according to the preset flow rate by the second centrifugal pump 16; and after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the height of the oil outlet, opening an oil outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the oil outlet valve and discharging residual media from the bottom.
2. An experimental method for an oil inlet and outlet process of an oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
heating the medium to a predetermined temperature with a heating device; adjusting the position of the tank top to enable the experimental storage tank 3 to form a liquid storage space with a specified height; opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, outputting a medium reaching a preset temperature at a preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump 8, enabling the medium to flow through the flow rate, pressure and temperature sensors, and then entering the experimental storage tank 3; opening the outlet valve of the storage tank, outputting the oil product at a preset flow rate through the second centrifugal pump 16, and enabling the oil product to flow back to the heating device 9; by shooting the trace particles and the temperature stain premixed in the experimental medium, the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experimental storage tank 3 can be obtained and combined with the data of the temperature sensor; when the oil product in the experimental storage tank reaches the preset temperature, removing the tank top, and conveying the medium in the experimental storage tank 3 to the heating device 9 through the oil outlet according to the preset flow rate by the second centrifugal pump 16; after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the height of the oil outlet, the oil drain port valve at the bottom of the tank is opened, the outlet valve of the storage tank is closed, and the residual medium is discharged from the bottom.
3. An experimental method for a standing process of an oil storage tank comprises the following steps:
heating the medium to a predetermined temperature by a heating device; adjusting the position of the tank top to enable the experimental storage tank 3 to form a liquid storage space with a specified height; opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, outputting a medium reaching a preset temperature at a preset flow rate through the first centrifugal pump 8, enabling the medium to flow through the flow rate, pressure and temperature sensors, and then entering the experimental storage tank 3; when the liquid level reaches a preset height, closing all valves (a storage tank inlet valve, a centrifugal pump outlet valve and an inlet valve); by shooting the trace particles and the temperature stain premixed in the experimental medium, the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experimental storage tank 3 can be obtained and combined with the data of the temperature sensor; when the oil in the experiment storage tank 3 reaches the preset temperature, the tank top is removed, and the medium in the experiment storage tank is conveyed to heating equipment through an oil outlet according to the preset flow rate by a second centrifugal pump 16; after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank is lower than the height of the oil outlet, the oil drain port valve at the bottom of the tank is opened, the outlet valve of the storage tank is closed, and the residual medium is discharged from the bottom.
In conclusion, the experimental device and the method for simulating the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank can intuitively obtain the temperature and the flow distribution of the crude oil in the storage tank, the experimental device has rich and accurate test data, can accurately control experimental conditions, and are favorable for deeply researching the temperature and the flow coupling characteristics of the hot oil spraying and heating process of the crude oil.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an oil storage tank hot oil sprays heating process heat transfer and flow law analogue means which characterized in that: the simulation device for the heat transfer and flow law in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank comprises an experiment storage tank (3), a rectangular cavity (1), a particle image speed measuring device, a data acquisition control system and a heating device, wherein the experiment storage tank and the rectangular cavity (1) are transparent and are made of the same material, the experiment storage tank is arranged in the rectangular cavity (1), and an experiment medium is filled between the rectangular cavity (1) and the experiment storage tank (3); the experimental storage tank (3) is provided with a floating roof, the floating roof is provided with a plurality of testing holes (10), the testing tube (6) penetrates through the testing holes (10) and extends into the experimental storage tank (3), the part extending out of the floating roof is connected with a data acquisition control system through a lead, and the testing tube (6) is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors; the bottom of the tank wall is provided with a storage tank inlet and a storage tank outlet, the bottom of the tank is provided with a plurality of groups of heating coils, each group of heating pipes (12) is provided with a plurality of connectors at equal intervals, and the connectors are detachably connected with the nozzles (13); the inlet of the storage tank, the outlet of the storage tank and the inlets of the plurality of groups of heating coils are all connected with corresponding branch pipelines, each branch pipeline is provided with a valve, a temperature sensor and a flow sensor and forms an experimental pipeline, the other end of the experimental pipeline is connected with a group of heating boxes, a group of centrifugal pumps are arranged between the heating boxes and the experimental storage tank (3), different branch pipelines are mutually communicated through switching valves, experimental processes are switched, and different experimental working conditions are constructed; the particle image speed measuring device obtains flowing and temperature distribution data of a medium in an experiment storage tank by shooting tracer particles and a temperature coloring agent which are mixed in an experiment medium in advance.
2. The device for simulating heat transfer and flow laws of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank of claim 1, wherein: the hot oil spraying device is characterized in that the nozzle (13) is in threaded connection with the bent pipe (14), the other end of the bent pipe (14) is connected with the interface, the nozzle (13) and the bent pipe (14) have various shapes and specifications, the bent pipe (14) and the nozzle (13) with different specifications and shapes are freely combined, and whether the bent pipe (14) and the nozzle (13) are installed or not is combined with the interfaces at different positions on the heating coil, so that observation of various working conditions is realized, and influence of different factors on hot oil spraying effect is researched.
3. The device for simulating heat transfer and flow laws of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank of claim 2, wherein: the particle image speed measuring device comprises an image acquisition system (4), a laser light source system (5) and a software system in a computer.
4. The device for simulating heat transfer and flow laws of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank of claim 3, wherein: the particle image speed measuring device obtains three-dimensional flow and temperature data of the whole experiment medium by shooting tracing particles and temperature coloring agents which are added to the experiment medium in advance, acquires data that a temperature field is synchronous with a speed field, and obtains accurate three-dimensional temperature field data by combining the temperature data of the temperature sensor and the temperature data of the temperature coloring agents for analyzing the coupling characteristics of three-dimensional temperature and speed.
5. The device for simulating heat transfer and flow laws of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank of claim 4, wherein: the test tube (6) is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors in the following modes: the test tube (6) is provided with a plurality of small holes, the head of the temperature sensor extends out through the small holes in the test tube (6), the temperature sensor and the small holes are sealed by plastic with the same material as the test tube (6), and the surface of the test tube (6) extending out of the floating roof is coated with heat-insulating coating.
6. The device for simulating heat transfer and flow laws of a hot oil spraying and heating process of an oil storage tank of claim 5, wherein: the experimental medium adopts simulation oil, the simulation oil takes isooctane and transformer oil as solvents, and paraffin as solute.
7. The experimental method for the thermal oil spraying and heating process by the thermal oil spraying and heating process heat transfer and flow law simulation device of the oil storage tank as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
firstly, a nozzle and a bent pipe with preset shapes and specifications are detachably arranged on a preset interface;
secondly, heating the experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
thirdly, adjusting the position of the floating roof of the experimental storage tank to enable the experimental storage tank (3) to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, outputting the experimental medium reaching the preset temperature at the preset flow rate through a first centrifugal pump (8), and enabling the experimental medium to flow through a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor and enter the experimental storage tank (3);
fifthly, opening a nozzle inlet valve and a nozzle outlet valve after the experimental medium reaches a liquid storage space with a proper height, and starting hot oil spraying;
sixthly, opening an outlet valve of the storage tank, enabling the experimental medium to return to the heating device (9) through the second centrifugal pump (16) and pass through the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and controlling the liquid level of the experimental storage tank (3) to be constant in the period;
seventhly, acquiring the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experiment tank by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are premixed in the experiment medium, and combining the flowing and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
eighthly, when the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank (3) reaches the preset temperature, removing the floating roof, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank to the heating device (9) through a second centrifugal pump (16) according to the preset flow;
ninthly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank (3) is lower than the outlet height of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging residual experimental medium from the bottom of the tank.
8. The experimental method for the oil inlet and outlet process of the heat transfer and flow law simulation device in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
firstly, heating an experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
adjusting the position of the floating roof to enable the experimental storage tank (3) to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
thirdly, opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, conveying the experimental medium reaching the preset temperature at the preset flow rate through a first centrifugal pump (8), and enabling the experimental medium to flow through a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor and enter the experimental storage tank (3);
fourthly, opening an outlet valve of the storage tank, outputting the experimental medium at a preset flow rate through a second centrifugal pump (16), and enabling the experimental medium to flow back to the heating device (9);
fifthly, acquiring the flowing and temperature distribution conditions of the medium in the experiment storage tank by shooting the tracer particles and the temperature coloring agent which are pre-mixed in the experiment medium, and combining the flowing and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
sixthly, removing the floating roof after the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank (3) reaches a preset temperature, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank (3) to the heating device (9) through the outlet of the storage tank according to a preset flow rate by using a second centrifugal pump (16);
and seventhly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank (3) is lower than the outlet height of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging the residual medium from the bottom.
9. The experimental method for the standing process of the heat transfer and flow law simulation device in the hot oil spraying and heating process of the oil storage tank as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
firstly, heating an experimental medium to a preset temperature by using a heating device;
adjusting the position of the floating roof to enable the experimental storage tank (3) to form a liquid storage space with a specified height;
thirdly, opening an inlet valve of the storage tank, conveying the medium reaching the preset temperature at the preset flow rate through a first centrifugal pump (8), enabling the medium to flow through a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and entering the experimental storage tank (3);
fourthly, when the liquid level reaches a preset height, closing all the valves;
fifthly, acquiring the flow and temperature distribution conditions of the test medium in the test storage tank by shooting the trace particles and the temperature coloring agent which are premixed in the test medium, and combining the flow and temperature distribution conditions with the data of the temperature sensor;
sixthly, removing the floating roof after the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank (3) reaches a preset temperature, and conveying the experimental medium in the experimental storage tank (3) to the heating device (9) through the outlet of the storage tank according to a preset flow rate by using a second centrifugal pump (16);
and seventhly, after the liquid level of the experimental storage tank (3) is lower than the outlet height of the storage tank, opening an oil drain outlet valve at the bottom of the tank, closing the outlet valve of the storage tank, and discharging the residual medium from the bottom.
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