CN111289480A - Optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasma resonance technology - Google Patents
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
- G01N2021/5903—Transmissivity using surface plasmon resonance [SPR], e.g. extraordinary optical transmission [EOT]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of structural health monitoring, and discloses an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on a surface plasmon resonance technology, which comprises a multimode optical fiber: a fiber core, a cladding and a coating layer; single-mode fiber: core, cladding, silver film, iron film. The invention realizes the corrosion monitoring of the reinforcing steel bar based on the plasma resonance technology. The refractive index of a medium around the single-mode fiber can be changed after the iron film similar to the main component of the steel bar is corroded, the plasma between the silver film and the iron film interface of the single-mode fiber is highly sensitive to the change of the refractive index of the medium around the single-mode fiber, and the corrosion condition of the steel bar is indirectly monitored by monitoring the external refractive index of the single-mode fiber. The sensor has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high sensitivity and high measurement precision, can effectively realize the nondestructive, real-time and accurate measurement of the corrosion condition of the steel bar in the reinforced concrete structure, has wide application prospect in the field of steel corrosion monitoring, and is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on a surface plasma resonance technology, belongs to the field of structural health monitoring, and particularly relates to a corrosion monitoring device for a steel bar in a reinforced concrete structure.
Background
The reinforced concrete structure combines the advantages of high tensile strength of the reinforcing steel bars and high compressive strength of the concrete, and is the most widely applied structural form in civil engineering at present. However, corrosion of the steel reinforcement is the most troublesome problem faced by reinforced concrete structures. The corrosion of the steel bars can not only weaken the cross section area of the steel bars, reduce the bearing capacity of the steel bars, but also reduce the bond stress of the concrete and influence the cooperative working performance of the steel bars and the concrete. In addition, the volume of the corroded steel bar expands, so that the concrete cracks and even falls off, and finally the stress performance and the durability of the concrete structure are reduced.
The current methods for monitoring corrosion of steel materials can be broadly divided into two major categories, electrochemical methods and non-electrochemical methods. The electrochemical method is to directly monitor the corrosion of the steel bar, and common electrochemical methods include a resistance method, a potential method, an electrochemical noise technology and the like. The method for electrochemically monitoring the corrosion of the steel bar generally has the defects of long monitoring time, complex operation, high manufacturing cost, easy interference of external signals and the like. The non-electrochemical method is generally used for indirectly monitoring the corrosion condition of the steel by indirectly monitoring structural volume deformation, delamination, cracking and the like caused by corrosion. Common non-electrochemical corrosion monitoring methods include acoustic emission methods, ultrasonic guided-wave methods, digital image correlation methods, and the like. The methods are difficult to realize direct contact with the steel bars, the measurement result has great uncertainty, and the corrosion state of the steel bars cannot be accurately monitored in real time.
The optical fiber sensor has small size, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and strong corrosion resistance, can be arranged in reinforced concrete, and realizes nondestructive, real-time and long-term monitoring on the corrosion of the reinforcing steel bar. Compared with the traditional optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasma resonance technology is simple to manufacture, high in sensitivity and reliable in measurement result, and the monitoring result can provide important basis for durability evaluation and reinforcement maintenance of the reinforced concrete structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on a surface plasmon resonance technology, which is highly sensitive to the change of the refractive index of the surrounding environment and can indirectly monitor the corrosion degree of a steel bar by measuring the change of the external refractive index. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology can be embedded near a steel bar in a reinforced concrete structure, the corrosion state of the steel bar can be monitored in real time, and the measurement result is reliable, so that an important basis is provided for the durability evaluation and the reinforcement maintenance of the reinforced concrete structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology is characterized by comprising a first multimode optical fiber 1, a single-mode optical fiber 2 and a second multimode optical fiber 3. Wherein the first multimode optical fiber 1 comprises a core 4, a cladding 5 and a coating 6; the single-mode optical fiber 2 comprises a fiber core 7, a cladding 8, a silver film 9 and an iron film 10;
the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber 2 are respectively welded with a first multimode optical fiber 1 and a second multimode optical fiber 3;
the radius of the cladding 5 of the first multimode optical fibers 1 and 3 is equal to the radius of the cladding 8 of the single mode optical fiber 2;
the length of the single-mode optical fiber 2 is adjusted according to the size requirement of a coating instrument, the length of a material to be detected and the sensitivity requirement of a monitored object;
the outer surface of a cladding 8 of the single-mode optical fiber 2 is uniformly plated with a silver film 9, and no gap exists between the silver film 9 and the cladding 8;
uniformly plating a layer of iron film 10 on the outer surface of the silver film 9 of the single-mode optical fiber 2, wherein a vacuum is formed between the iron film 10 and the silver film 9;
the coating method of the silver film 9 can adopt a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method, a silver mirror reaction method or other coating methods.
The coating method of the iron film 10 can adopt a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method, a plasma sputtering technology or other coating methods;
the thickness of the silver film 9 can be adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor;
the silver film 9 covers the entire length of the single mode fiber cladding 8;
the thickness of the iron film 10 can be adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor, the service life requirement and the size limit of the structure to be measured;
the iron film 10 covers the entire length of the silver film 9.
The transmission principle of the fiber corrosion sensor based on the plasma resonance technology is as follows:
fig. 5 shows a principle of an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on a plasmon resonance technology, wherein laser enters a single mode fiber 2 through a first multimode fiber 1, a part of light 11 propagates in a fiber core 7 of the single mode fiber, and the other part of light 12 enters a cladding 8 of the single mode fiber and propagates in the cladding. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the light beam totally reflected in the cladding reaches the interface with the silver thin film 11, the light beam does not directly generate reflected light, but first penetrates the silver thin film 9 by a depth of about one wavelength, then flows along the interface by a distance of about half a wavelength, and finally returns to the cladding 8, and the part of the wave penetrating through the silver thin film medium is evanescent wave 14. Evanescent wave 14 passes through silver thin film 9 and resonates at surface plasmon 13 at the interface of the iron thin film and the silver thin film, thereby forming a surface plasmon resonance phenomenon.
The corrosion of the iron film 10 can cause the refractive index of a medium around the sensor to change, and the plasma between the iron film and the silver film interface is very sensitive to the change of the refractive index of an external medium, so that the transmitted light spectrum transmitted from the second multimode optical fiber 3 changes finally, and the corrosion condition of the iron film is indirectly monitored by analyzing the change quantity of the transmitted light spectrum.
The evanescent wave can be decomposed into an S-polarized wave perpendicular to the interface and a P-polarized wave parallel to the interface, and only P-polarized light causes surface plasmon resonance. The intensity reflection coefficient of P-polarized light at the interface of the fiber core and the cladding can be expressed by a transfer matrix as follows
In the formula, qi＝cosθi/niI denotes the number of layers and M denotes the transfer matrix. Assuming that the refractive index of the fiber is ncorThe refractive index of the cladding is nclaThe amount of reflected light occurring in the optical fiber 7 and the cladding 8 can be expressed by the following equation
N＝L/Dtanθ(2)
Where L denotes the transmission length of the single mode fiber 2, D denotes the radius of the fiber, and θ denotes the incident angle. Incident angle at critical angle thetacrAnd 90 degrees, each transmission mode having a substantially Gaussian power distribution as a function of angle of incidence, as expressed below
The transmission of P-polarized light in the fiber is
Since only P-polarized light causes surface plasmon resonance, the transmittance of light can be expressed as
The plasma resonance can cause that the light transmittance of different wavelengths passing through the sensor is different, a wave trough can exist in a wavelength-transmittance spectrum received by the spectrometer, and the wave trough position can be obviously shifted due to the change of the external refractive index, so that the change of the external refractive index can be determined by monitoring the shift position of the wave trough of a spectrum curve, and the characteristic wavelength corresponding to the wave trough position is lambda.
The main component of the steel bar is iron, and the iron film 10 wrapped on the outermost layer of the single-mode optical fiber 2 simulates the steel bar corrosion in the actual reinforced concrete structure, when the iron film is corroded, the refractive index of a medium around the single-mode optical fiber is changed from n to n ', correspondingly, the characteristic wavelength is changed from lambda to lambda', and the change quantity delta lambda of the characteristic wavelength and the corrosion rate η of the iron film 10 can be expressed by the following relational expression
Δλ＝α(η) (6)
The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology is arranged near a steel bar in a reinforced concrete structure, the mass loss percentage η of the iron film can be obtained by analyzing the drift of the characteristic wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology and substituting the characteristic wavelength into the relational expression (6), the corrosion degree of the iron film can be determined, the main component of the steel bar is the same as that of the iron film, the environments of the steel bar and the iron film are completely the same, and therefore the corrosion degree of the measured steel bar can also be quantitatively determined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention indirectly monitors the corrosion amount of the steel bar through the change of the transmission light spectrum of the optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasma resonance technology.
(2) Compared with other metals, the silver film provides the clearest surface plasma resonance spectrum and has stronger sensitivity to the change of the measured external refractive index.
(3) The invention has small volume, can be embedded into a material to be detected to monitor the corrosion of steel, does not influence the performance of the material to be detected, and realizes the nondestructive monitoring of the building structure.
(4) The plasma between the iron film and the silver film interface is very sensitive to the change of the refractive index of an external medium, so that the optical fiber sensor has higher sensitivity.
(5) The invention has long service life, and the thickness of the iron film can be adjusted according to the requirements of service life and sensitivity;
(6) the invention has higher resolution and can realize high-precision monitoring of steel corrosion.
(7) The invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, convenient arrangement and low manufacturing cost, can realize the real-time monitoring of the corrosion of the steel bar in the reinforced concrete structure, is suitable for popularization and has higher application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the plasmon resonance technology according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A of the fiber optic corrosion sensor according to the present invention based on the plasmon resonance technique;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B1-B1 of a fiber optic corrosion sensor based on plasmon resonance in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view B2-B2 of a fiber optic corrosion sensor based on plasmon resonance in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sensing mechanism of the fiber optic corrosion sensor based on the plasmon resonance technology according to the present invention, (a) before the iron thin film is corroded; (b) after the iron film is corroded; (c) an incident spectrum and a transmission spectrum;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology applied to actual concrete structure steel bar monitoring according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1 a first multimode optical fiber; 2, single mode fiber; 3 a second multimode optical fiber; 4 multimode fiber core; 5 a multimode fiber cladding; 6 a multimode optical fiber coating layer; 7 single mode fiber core; 8, cladding of single-mode optical fiber; 9 a silver thin film; 10 iron film; 11, transmitting light by a single-mode optical fiber core; 12 single mode fiber cladding transmits light; 13 surface plasma; 14 evanescent waves; 15 corrosion products.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more intuitive and understandable, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology, which is characterized in that the fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology comprises a first multimode fiber 1, a single mode fiber 2, and a second multimode fiber 3. Wherein the first multimode optical fiber 1 comprises a core 4, a cladding 5 and a coating 6; the single-mode optical fiber 2 comprises a fiber core 7, a cladding 8, a silver film 9 and an iron film 10;
the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber 2 are respectively welded with a first multimode optical fiber 1 and a second multimode optical fiber 3;
the diameters of the fiber cores 4 of the first multimode fibers 1 and 3 are 62.5 mu m, the diameters of the cladding layers 5 are 125 mu m, and the diameters of the coating layers 5 are 255 mu m;
the diameter of a fiber core 7 of the single-mode optical fiber 2 is 9 micrometers, the diameter of a cladding 5 is 125 micrometers, the thickness of a silver film is 15nm, and the thickness of an iron film is 20 micrometers;
the length of the single-mode optical fiber 2 is adjusted according to the size requirement of a coating instrument, the length of a material to be detected and the sensitivity requirement of a monitored object;
the outer surface of a cladding 8 of the single-mode optical fiber 2 is uniformly plated with a silver film 9, and no gap exists between the silver film 9 and the cladding 8;
uniformly plating a layer of iron film 10 on the outer surface of the silver film 9 of the single-mode optical fiber 2, wherein a vacuum is formed between the iron film 10 and the silver film 9;
the coating method of the silver film 9 can adopt a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method, a silver mirror reaction method or other coating methods.
The iron thin film 10 may be coated by a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method, a plasma sputtering technique or other coating methods;
further, the thickness of the silver film 9 can be adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor;
further, the silver thin film 9 covers the entire length of the single mode fiber cladding 8;
further, the thickness of the iron film 10 can be adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor, the service life requirement and the size limit of the structure to be measured;
further, the iron thin film 10 covers the entire length of the silver thin film 9.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on a surface plasmon resonance technology includes any one of the above optical fiber corrosion sensors based on a surface plasmon resonance technology, and includes the following steps:
step 1: taking two sections of multimode fibers, peeling off the end coating of the multimode fibers by a blade, wiping the end coating by alcohol, and cleaning the surface.
Step 2: a20 mm section of single-mode optical fiber was taken, the coating layer was peeled off from the surface thereof by a fiber stripper to leave a cladding portion having a diameter of 125 μm, and the surface of the coated crystal optical fiber was wiped off by alcohol to clean the surface.
And step 3: cutting the end part of the single mode fiber with the coating layer removed by using a fiber cutting machine to ensure that the end surface is smooth, wiping the end surface by using alcohol after cutting, and cleaning the surface;
and 4, step 4: marking a scratch on the cross section of the multimode optical fiber by using a ruby knife, breaking the optical fiber at the scratch to ensure that the end face is smooth, wiping the optical fiber by using alcohol after cutting, and cleaning the surface;
and 5: and the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are respectively welded with the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber by adopting a welding machine, and the manual welding mode is selected because the fiber cores of the multimode optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber have different diameters.
Step 6: and cleaning the welded multimode-single mode-multimode optical fiber by using a 20% NaOH solution, cleaning by using distilled water and then drying by using an oven.
And 7: the cleaned fiber was secured to a stainless steel fixture to ensure that the fiber remained straight during the subsequent thin film deposition process.
And 8: and uniformly depositing a silver film on the surface of the single-mode fiber cladding by adopting a silver mirror reaction method.
And step 9: performing sputtering deposition of an iron plating film on the outer surface of the single-mode optical fiber plated with the silver film by using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system and using a Fe target with the purity of 99.99 percent; the fixture was turned over and plated again to ensure uniform deposition of the iron film.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology is characterized by comprising a first multimode optical fiber (1), a single-mode optical fiber (2) and a second multimode optical fiber (3); wherein the first multimode fiber (1) and the second multimode fiber (3) comprise a core (4), a cladding (5) and a coating (6); the single-mode optical fiber (2) comprises a fiber core (7), a cladding (8), a silver film (9) and an iron film (10);
two ends of the single-mode optical fiber (2) are respectively welded with a first multimode optical fiber (1) and a second multimode optical fiber (3);
the radius of the cladding (5) of the first multimode fiber (1) and the second multimode fiber (3) is equal to the radius of the cladding (8) of the single-mode fiber (2).
2. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 1, wherein the length of the single-mode optical fiber (2) is adjusted according to the coating size requirement, the length of the material to be measured and the sensitivity requirement of the monitored object.
3. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer surface of the cladding (8) of the single-mode optical fiber (2) is uniformly plated with a silver film (9), and no gap exists between the silver film (9) and the cladding (8); the single mode fiber is characterized in that a layer of iron film (10) is uniformly plated on the outer surface of a silver film (9) of the single mode fiber (2), and vacuum is formed between the iron film (10) and the silver film (9).
4. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating method of the silver thin film (9) adopts a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method or a silver mirror reaction method; the coating method of the iron film (10) adopts a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method or a plasma sputtering technology.
5. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 3, wherein the coating method of the silver thin film (9) adopts a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method or a silver mirror reaction method; the coating method of the iron film (10) adopts a vacuum evaporation method, a vacuum push rod method or a plasma sputtering technology.
6. The fiber optic corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique of claim 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that the silver film (9) covers the entire length of the single-mode fiber cladding (8); the thickness of the silver film (9) is adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor.
7. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique of claim 3, characterized in that the silver film (9) covers the entire length of the single-mode fiber cladding (8); the thickness of the silver film (9) is adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor.
8. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 4, characterized in that the silver film (9) covers the entire length of the single-mode fiber cladding (8); the thickness of the silver film (9) is adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor.
9. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 1, 2, 5, 7 or 8, characterized in that the iron film (10) covers the entire length of the silver film (9); the thickness of the iron film (10) is adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor, the service life requirement and the size of the structure to be measured.
10. The optical fiber corrosion sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology of claim 6, wherein the iron film (10) covers the entire length of the silver film (9); the thickness of the iron film (10) is adjusted according to the sensitivity requirement of the sensor, the service life requirement and the size of the structure to be measured.
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| CN111879691A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 燕山大学 | Atmospheric corrosivity monitoring device and method based on optical fiber surface plasma resonance |
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