CN111288897A - Surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measuring device and method based on displacement meter and total station - Google Patents
Surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measuring device and method based on displacement meter and total station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measuring device and method based on a displacement meter and a total station, wherein the multipoint displacement meter comprises a displacement meter head and a plurality of anchor heads which are arranged in a deep hole of a surrounding rock to be measured at intervals, and each anchor head is connected with a corresponding measuring end of the displacement meter head so as to realize displacement parameter measurement of an anchor head fixed point; the total station realizes the measurement of three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the deep hole orifice; and the processing unit obtains three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice and displacement parameters of the plurality of anchor head fixed points, calculates to obtain an absolute displacement value inside the surrounding rock, and then fits to obtain a maximum relaxation radius value of the surrounding rock. According to the method, the multipoint displacement meter and the total station are used for measuring and calculating the internal absolute displacement of the surrounding rock, a calculation and analysis model of the internal absolute displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock is established, and more real and reliable data support is provided for analyzing the loosening range of the surrounding rock, evaluating the stable state of the surrounding rock and optimizing structural design parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction measurement in civil engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring an internal absolute displacement parameter of a surrounding rock, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the internal absolute displacement of the surrounding rock based on a displacement meter and a total station.
Background
China is a country with many mountains and extremely complex geological conditions, and the area of the mountainous area accounts for more than 2/3. With the continuous and rapid development of national economy and the large-scale construction of traffic basic engineering, a large number of tunnels need to be built in the construction process of roads and railways. At present, tunnels in China are designed and constructed by adopting a new Austrian method basically, and the core idea of the new Austrian method is to emphasize pre-support and monitoring measurement, wherein the monitoring measurement work accompanies the whole process of the construction of the new Austrian method. The measurement of the displacement inside the surrounding rock is taken as a measurement project with large investment and complexity, and is always an important content in the monitoring and measuring work of the tunnel, because the change of the displacement inside the surrounding rock directly reflects the mechanical form of the surrounding rock and a supporting system, the measurement not only can reflect the displacement condition inside the surrounding rock, the loosening range of the surrounding rock and the stabilizing effect of the surrounding rock after the tunnel is excavated or supported, but also provides reliable information and basis for the inverse analysis of the stress and the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock.
At present, although the tunnel monitoring and measuring technology is greatly developed, a large improvement space exists, and as for a displacement monitoring project inside tunnel surrounding rocks, the displacement monitoring project is relatively few in domestic development and is only used in a few important projects. Currently, various single-point or multi-point displacement meters are mainly used as measuring devices. The sensors can be classified into a micrometer type, a potentiometer type, a string type and a differential resistance type according to the types of the sensors, and other methods for indirectly measuring the internal displacement of the surrounding rock by using a convergence meter and the like are available. The various measuring devices or methods for measuring the internal displacement of the surrounding rock have the following problems in different degrees: the displacement meter has high cost and is inconvenient to install; the structure is complex and the measurement difficulty is high; the measuring range is small, and the measuring point number and the depth are limited; the sensor with simple structure has poor precision, inconvenient measurement and larger error.
Most importantly, in the tunnel engineering, most single-point/multipoint displacement meters are installed after a tunnel is excavated and initially supported so as to ensure the safety of testers and components, namely, the measuring ends of the multipoint displacement meters are fixed on the surface of the initially supported shotcrete of the tunnel. Along with the excavation unloading of the tunnel, the stress balance state of rock masses around the tunnel is broken, extrusion deformation towards the tunnel clearance occurs, and the displacement magnitude or degree of the rock masses at different depths to the tunnel clearance is different. The tunnel supporting structure can also generate vertical displacement and horizontal displacement under the extrusion action of the back rock mass. Therefore, the measurement results of the multipoint displacement meters are all relative displacements of the measured rock mass and the supporting structure under the same motion, and the measurement data cannot objectively reflect the loosening range and the stable state of the surrounding rock. In addition, due to the influence of rock stratum attitude, buried depth conditions, original ground stress magnitude and the like, the displacement of the surrounding rock and the support in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction often has a significant difference, namely the convergence of the surrounding rock at a certain depth to the clearance of the tunnel is not necessarily in the radial direction of the tunnel. Tunnel engineering personnel often pay most attention to the surrounding rock relaxation range or the maximum relaxation radius which influences the stability of the tunnel, which is the most important purpose of multipoint displacement meter test, and the non-radial displacement amount cannot accurately represent the relaxation deformation degree of the surrounding rock to the tunnel clearance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a tunnel surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device and a comprehensive calculation analysis model considering displacement patterns in different directions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the measurement of the internal displacement of the surrounding rock in the tunnel construction process, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the internal absolute displacement of the surrounding rock based on a displacement meter and a total station.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a processing unit, a total station and a multipoint displacement meter, wherein the multipoint displacement meter comprises a displacement meter head and a plurality of anchor heads which are arranged in a deep hole of the surrounding rock to be measured at intervals, and each anchor head is connected with a corresponding measuring end of the displacement meter head so as to realize displacement parameter measurement of an anchor head fixed point; the total station realizes the measurement of three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the deep hole orifice; and the processing unit obtains three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice and displacement parameters of the plurality of anchor head fixed points, calculates to obtain an absolute displacement value inside the surrounding rock, and then fits to obtain a maximum relaxation radius value of the surrounding rock.
In the surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measuring device based on the displacement meter and the total station, the reflective patch is installed at the hole opening of the deep hole to be measured, and the total station aims at the reflective patch to acquire the three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the hole opening of the deep hole.
In the above-mentioned absolute displacement measuring device in country rock based on displacement meter and total powerstation, be provided with the through-hole on every anchor head, the survey line that is located deeper position anchor head in the deep hole passes the through-hole that is located shallower position anchor head in proper order and tightens the back, links with the measurement end of the displacement meter gauge outfit that corresponds.
In the device for measuring the absolute displacement in the surrounding rock based on the displacement meter and the total station, the multipoint displacement meter is a fiber grating multipoint displacement meter.
In the device for measuring the absolute displacement in the surrounding rock based on the displacement meter and the total station, each measuring line led out from the orifice of the deep hole is tightened and then is connected with the measuring end corresponding to the gauge outfit of the displacement meter after passing through the independent fixed pulley.
In the above-mentioned inside absolute displacement measuring device of country rock based on displacement meter and total powerstation, be provided with protective case between adjacent anchor head, the survey line is worn in protective case.
In the device for measuring the absolute displacement in the surrounding rock based on the displacement meter and the total station, a dynamometer or a constant force weight is loaded on each measuring line led out from the orifice of the deep hole to be tightened.
A method for measuring the absolute displacement inside a surrounding rock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
【1】 Preparation of the test
Drilling a deep hole on the surrounding rock according to a set angle and depth;
according to the distance requirement of measuring points, n anchor heads are sequentially installed from the hole bottom to the hole opening of the deep hole, and a measuring line of each anchor head is connected with a corresponding measuring end of a displacement meter head after being tightened;
installing a light-reflecting patch at the position of an orifice, and measuring an initial value of a three-dimensional coordinate of the orifice by using a total station;
【2】 Parameter measurement
Measuring the surrounding rock according to the set measuring frequency to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate measured value of the orifice and a displacement parameter of each anchor head;
【3】 Data processing
The absolute displacement of the rock mass at the position of the ith measuring point where the ith anchor head is located along the radial direction is obtained through calculation and expressed as:
wherein
i, measuring point serial numbers are numbered from 1 to n from the hole opening to the hole bottom in sequence;
uirabsolute displacement of the rock mass at the measuring point of the number i along the radial direction, mm;
Δl0-absolute convergence value at the orifice of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station.
Δh0-absolute settlement value at the opening of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station;
a, measuring and calculating a change angle of the axis of the deep hole before and after the rock mass is deformed by a total station;
rithe initial length value of the multipoint displacement meter at the measuring point of the number i is mm; obtaining the early-stage reading of the multi-point displacement meter;
ri' -i number measuring point position multipoint displacement meter final length value, mm; obtained from later readings of the multi-point displacement meter.
Fitting the radial absolute displacement of n measuring points in the surrounding rock and the radial initial length value of each measuring point of the multipoint displacement meter according to a formula (3.2) to obtain a relation formula of the relaxation displacement of the surrounding rock:
uir＝f(ri)
[ 3.3 ] the inverse function of the relation of the surrounding rock relaxation can be obtained:
ri＝f-1(uir)
[ 3.4 ] when u isirAnd when the absolute radial displacement of the rock mass is 0, calculating to obtain the maximum relaxation radius of the surrounding rock.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measuring device and method based on a multipoint displacement meter and a total station, wherein the multipoint displacement meter is combined with the total station to measure and calculate the internal absolute displacement of the surrounding rock, the working conditions of vertical settlement and horizontal displacement of a support and the surrounding rock are considered in the measurement, and a tunnel surrounding rock internal absolute displacement calculation analysis model is established, so that the measuring result of the internal displacement of the surrounding rock is closer to the actual condition, a more real and reliable data support is provided for analyzing the loosening range of the surrounding rock, evaluating the stable state of the surrounding rock and optimizing the structural design parameters, and the device and method have important significance for guiding the structural design and construction of a tunnel.
2. According to the method, the initial displacement length of a measuring point where a deep hole is located and the absolute displacement value in the construction process are measured by a multi-point displacement meter, the absolute convergence value and the absolute settlement value of a tunnel opening and the angle change value of the axis of the deep hole are obtained by a total station, the relation between the radial absolute displacement and the radial position of the multi-point in the deep hole is obtained according to the displacement change rule and the calculation model of the surrounding rock in construction, the surrounding rock relaxation relation formula and the maximum surrounding rock relaxation radius value are further obtained through curve fitting, the defect that the absolute displacement parameter cannot be provided in the measurement in the traditional mode is overcome, and a simple and reliable scheme is provided for judging the stable state of the surrounding rock.
3. In the implementation of the invention, the measuring line outside the hole is tensioned with constant force through the dynamometer or the weight, so that the accuracy of displacement measurement is ensured; meanwhile, the fiber bragg grating multipoint displacement sensor has the advantages of high measurement precision, convenience in reading, capability of realizing remote measurement through optical fibers and the like.
4. The anchor head is provided with the through hole, so that a measuring line in the deep hole can penetrate through the through hole; a sleeve for protecting the measuring line is arranged between the adjacent anchor heads, and the anchor heads are connected with the gauge heads of the displacement meters after passing through the independent fixed pulleys, so that the measuring reliability is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a principle of testing absolute displacement inside a tunnel surrounding rock by a multipoint displacement meter and a total station;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multipoint displacement meter mounting;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an internal bore of an anchor head and a sleeve;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a computation model of absolute displacement inside a surrounding rock;
FIG. 5 is a tunnel surrounding rock relaxation displacement curve;
FIG. 6 is a regression curve of absolute displacement of surrounding rock in a certain tunnel in Shanxi;
the reference signs are: 1-surrounding rock; 2-concrete; 3-deep hole; 4-measuring the line; 5-displacement meter head; 6-fixed pulley; 7-a tightening mechanism; 8-measuring the line bundle; 9-a through hole; 10-an anchor head; 15-a protective sleeve; 20-tunnel inner wall; 21-palm surface; 31-a total station; 32-datum point;
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the device for measuring absolute displacement in the surrounding rock based on a displacement meter and a total station of the present invention comprises a processing unit, a total station 31 and a multipoint displacement meter, wherein the multipoint displacement meter comprises a displacement meter head 5 and a plurality of anchor heads 10 arranged in a deep hole 3 of the surrounding rock to be measured at intervals, each anchor head 10 is connected with a corresponding measuring end of the displacement meter head 5, so as to realize measurement of displacement parameters of a fixed point of the anchor head 10; the total station 31 realizes the measurement of the three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice of the deep hole 3; and the processing unit obtains three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice and displacement parameters of the plurality of anchor head 10 fixed points, calculates to obtain an absolute displacement value inside the surrounding rock, and then fits to obtain a maximum relaxation radius value of the surrounding rock. The multipoint displacement meter preferably adopts a fiber grating multipoint displacement meter; a datum point 32 is arranged in the tunnel, the total station 31 takes the datum point 32 as a displacement reference point, a reflective patch is installed at the orifice of the deep hole 3 to be measured during measurement, and the total station 31 is aligned to the reflective patch. According to the requirement, one total station 31 can simultaneously detect the three-dimensional coordinates of the orifices of a plurality of deep holes 3,
in fig. 2 and 3, each anchor head 10 is provided with a through hole 9, and a measuring line 4 of the anchor head at a deeper position in the deep hole 3 sequentially passes through the through holes 9 of the anchor heads at a shallower position and is tightened, and then passes through an independent fixed pulley 6 and is connected with a measuring end corresponding to the gauge head 5 of the displacement gauge. After each measuring wire led out from the orifice of the deep hole 3 is tightened, a protective sleeve 15 is arranged between the adjacent anchor heads, and the measuring wire 4 penetrates through the protective sleeve 15.
The results measured by the existing device (single/multipoint displacement meter) and method in the tunnel engineering are relative displacement under the joint movement of surrounding rock and support, but not absolute displacement. And the deformation (or displacement) of the surrounding rock and the supporting structure in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction often has difference, namely the convergence of the surrounding rock at a certain depth to the clear space of the tunnel is not necessarily along the radial direction of the tunnel. Based on the method, a comprehensive calculation analysis model of the absolute displacement inside the tunnel surrounding rock is established, wherein displacement forms in different directions are considered. Fig. 4 shows a calculation model diagram of the absolute displacement inside the surrounding rock.
Taking an i measuring point at a certain depth as an example, a tunnel is generally influenced by construction, and when the stress inside surrounding rocks is redistributed and extrudes and deforms towards the clearance of the tunnel, the two-way displacement of a rock body and a tunnel wall is often generated. As can be seen from fig. 4, before and after the deformation of the surrounding rock, the deformation of the multipoint displacement meter satisfies the geometric condition shown in formula (1):
the absolute displacement of the measuring point i can be obtained by transforming the formula (1) and the calculation is shown as the formula (2).
The absolute displacement calculation of the measuring point of the number i along the original direction (or radial direction) is shown as formula (3).
Wherein:
i, measuring point serial numbers are numbered from 1 to n from the hole opening to the hole bottom in sequence;
uirabsolute displacement of the rock mass at the measuring point of the number i along the radial direction, mm;
Δl0-absolute convergence value at the orifice of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station.
Δh0-absolute settlement value at the opening of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station;
a, measuring and calculating a change angle of the axis of the deep hole before and after the rock mass is deformed by a total station;
rithe initial length value of the multipoint displacement meter at the measuring point of the number i is mm; obtaining the early-stage reading of the multi-point displacement meter;
ri' -i number measuring point position multipoint displacement meter final length value, mm; obtaining the later reading of the multi-point displacement meter;
and drawing a surrounding rock relaxation displacement curve according to the calculation result of the internal absolute displacement of the surrounding rock and the corresponding radial distance (depth), as shown in fig. 5.
Fitting the absolute displacement of different deep surrounding rocks, and regressing a surrounding rock relaxation relational expression:
uir＝f(ri) (4)
the inverse function is found for equation (4):
ri＝f-1(uir) (5)
when u isiWhen the absolute displacement of the rock mass is 0mm, the calculation formula of the maximum relaxation radius (within the range of the relaxation circle) of the surrounding rock is as follows:
rmax＝f-1(0) (6)
wherein:
rmax-maximum relaxation radius of the surrounding rock, m.
The maximum relaxation radius r of the surrounding rock can be obtained by the formula (6)max. The internal displacement of the surrounding rock is one of the most direct mechanical responses of the rock to the disturbance of excavation, and is used for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rockThe basic basis of the state also provides basic information for inverting the rock mechanical parameters and evaluating the surrounding rock pressure.
The following takes a certain tunnel in shanxi as an example, and a specific implementation process is given.
【1】 Preparing a test, and making a test and measurement scheme.
The method is based on the research of developing a certain expressway tunnel in Shaanxi province, the tunnel is a single-hole two-lane tunnel, the surrounding rock grade of a test section is IV grade, and the tunnel excavation is mainly constructed by a three-step method. The multipoint displacement meter is preferably installed close to the tunnel face, and the displacement data measured along with the excavation of the tunnel subsection are more comprehensive as the multipoint displacement meter is closer to the tunnel face. In order to measure the internal displacement condition of the step surrounding rock in the tunnel, the test is selected to be carried out near the step face in the tunnel.
The pile number of the test section is YK197+010, the drilling position of the multipoint displacement meter is horizontally and radially arranged on the right side wall of the tunnel along the maximum excavation line of the section (namely, the arrangement angle is 0 degree), the drilling depth is 5m, and an anchoring element is arranged every 1m, namely, the 5-point displacement meter is arranged in the hole. The measuring frequency of the multipoint displacement meter and the total station is 2 times/day, and the measuring frequency is properly enhanced in the excavation process of the section.
【2】 Fiber grating multipoint displacement meter mounting
[ 2.1 ] pore-forming: and horizontally drilling a hole at the position of 1.5m on the right side wall of the tunnel by using a down-the-hole drill, wherein the diameter of a drill bit is phi 89, the drilling depth is 5m, and after the drilling is finished, residual rock slag in the hole is cleaned up to ensure that the drilled hole is smooth and straight.
(2.2) installation of anchoring elements: pushing a first anchoring element (a mechanical anchor head) into a drilled hole for 5m, controlling the pushing depth of the mechanical anchor head according to the length of an anchor head measuring line (a steel wire line), slightly pulling the measuring line to firmly anchor the anchor head, penetrating the measuring line into a first protective sleeve (with the length of 1m and the diameter of 80 mm), and sending the sleeve into the hole for 5m to protect the measuring line from hole collapse and surrounding rock extrusion deformation; the measuring wire of the first anchoring element penetrates through a round hole at the bottom of the second anchoring element, the second anchoring element is pushed into a 4m position of a drill hole, the measuring wire is pulled lightly to ensure that the anchoring of the anchoring element is firm, then the first measuring wire and the second measuring wire penetrate into a second protective sleeve (the length is 1m, the diameter is 80), the second protective sleeve is pushed into the 4m position of the hole, and the first measuring wire is kept straight in the jacking process to prevent coiling and clamping; and by analogy, the rest anchoring elements and the protective sleeves are pushed into the positions of 3m, 2m and 1m in sequence, and the anchoring of the anchoring elements is ensured to be firm.
(2.3) fixed pulley installation: and (3) passing all the measuring lines through a porous anchor cover with a steering pulley at an orifice, installing 5 steering pulleys in the testing box body, and leading all the measuring lines to pass through the steering pulleys, wherein the measuring lines are required to be prevented from being wound with each other in the measuring line process.
And (2.4) dynamometer installation: in order to prevent the measuring line from accidentally falling off or loosening in the monitoring and measuring process, a dynamometer is installed at the top of the testing box body so as to keep constant tension all the time. The lower part of each measuring line can be provided with a constant-force weight, and constant pulling force is applied to the lead in the deformation displacement of the rock, so that the accuracy of displacement measurement is ensured.
(2.5) optical fiber sensor installation: and (3) installing and fixing the optical fiber sensor, connecting all measuring lines with the optical fiber sensor, adjusting the measuring range of the sensor to be (-50 mm-450 mm), and measuring and recording the initial reading (wavelength lambda) of the sensor. The parameters of the fiber grating multi-point displacement meter are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 fiber grating multi-point displacement meter parameter table
【3】 The method comprises the steps of installing light-reflecting patches at the hole opening position of the tunnel wall of the multipoint displacement meter, erecting a total station at the front and back of the middle of a tunnel pavement without blocking positions, leveling the total station through centering, rough leveling and fine leveling, setting after inputting station information and instrument height, inputting a back-view datum point coordinate, rotating an aiming part of the total station to aim at the back-view datum point for orientation, and establishing a space coordinate system for the total station. And then, the total station can be used for aligning to the light-reflecting patch at the hole of the hole wall, and the initial three-dimensional coordinate of the light-reflecting patch is directly measured and recorded.
【4】 And measuring and recording three-dimensional coordinates of the multipoint displacement meter and the hole wall opening according to the frequency of 2 times/day.
【5】 Processing measurement data: and processing the measured data according to a fiber grating multipoint displacement meter calibration formula and a total station three-dimensional coordinate method, and calculating the displacement of each day.
【6】 And substituting the final measurement results of the fiber grating multipoint displacement meter and the total station into a comprehensive analysis model for calculation, wherein the calculation is carried out by taking the related data of the anchoring element at the depth of 5m as an example.
(6.1) after 60-day continuous monitoring and measurement, the final calculation parameter data are respectively: r is5＝5000mm，r5′＝5395mm，△l0＝400mm，△h0＝472mm，a＝5°。
【6.2】
(6.3) similarly, u at the measuring points (4m, 3m, 2m, 1m) at other depthsiAnd uirThe results of the calculations are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Absolute Displacement calculation results for different depth surrounding rocks
【7】 Regression analysis of relaxation radius of surrounding rock
Absolute displacement (here substituted into u) of measurement points at different depthsir) Regressions are made with the radial radius, as shown in fig. 6.
The resulting regression function was:
u＝822.03e-0.26r-203.47
solving an inverse function of the regression function to obtain:
r＝-ln[(u+203.47)/822.03]/0.26
when u is 0, i.e. the rock mass has no loose displacement, the surrounding rockR ofmax＝5.37m。
The internal displacement of the surrounding rock is one of the most direct mechanical responses of the rock body to excavation disturbance, is a basic basis for evaluating the stable state of the surrounding rock, and provides basic information for inverting rock mechanical parameters and evaluating the pressure of the surrounding rock.
Claims (8)
1. Inside absolute displacement measuring device of country rock based on displacement meter and total powerstation, its characterized in that: the device comprises a processing unit, a total station (31) and a multipoint displacement meter, wherein the multipoint displacement meter comprises a displacement meter head (5) and a plurality of anchor heads (10) which are arranged in a deep hole (3) of a surrounding rock to be measured at intervals, each anchor head (10) is connected with a corresponding measuring end of the displacement meter head (5), and displacement parameter measurement of a fixed point of each anchor head (10) is realized; the total station (31) realizes the three-dimensional coordinate parameter measurement of the orifice of the deep hole (3); the processing unit obtains three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice and displacement parameters of a plurality of anchor head (10) fixed points, then calculates to obtain an absolute displacement value inside the surrounding rock, and then fits to obtain a maximum relaxation radius value of the surrounding rock.
2. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: a reflective patch is installed at the orifice of the deep hole (3) to be measured, and the total station (31) aims at the reflective patch to acquire the three-dimensional coordinate parameters of the orifice of the deep hole (3).
3. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: each anchor head (10) is provided with a through hole (9), and a measuring line (4) of the anchor head at a deeper position in the deep hole (3) sequentially penetrates through the through holes (9) of the anchor heads at a shallower position and is connected with the measuring end of the corresponding displacement meter gauge head (5) after being tightened.
4. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the multipoint displacement meter is a fiber grating multipoint displacement meter.
5. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 4, wherein: after each measuring line led out from the orifice of the deep hole (3) is tightened, the measuring line passes through an independent fixed pulley (6) and then is connected with a measuring end corresponding to the gauge head (5) of the displacement meter.
6. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: a protective sleeve (15) is arranged between the adjacent anchor heads, and the measuring wire (4) penetrates through the protective sleeve (15).
7. The displacement meter and total station based surrounding rock internal absolute displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and a dynamometer or a constant force weight is loaded on each measuring line led out from the hole opening of the deep hole (3) to be tightened.
8. Method for measuring the absolute displacement inside a surrounding rock by means of a device for absolute displacement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
【1】 Preparation of the test
Drilling a deep hole on the surrounding rock according to a set angle and depth;
according to the distance requirement of measuring points, n anchor heads are sequentially installed from the hole bottom to the hole opening of the deep hole, and a measuring line of each anchor head is connected with a corresponding measuring end of a displacement meter head after being tightened;
installing a light-reflecting patch at the position of the orifice, and measuring an initial value of a three-dimensional coordinate of the orifice by using a total station;
【2】 Parameter measurement
Measuring the surrounding rock according to the set measuring frequency to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate measured value of the orifice and a displacement parameter of each anchor head;
【3】 Data processing
The absolute displacement of the rock mass at the position of the ith measuring point where the ith anchor head is located along the radial direction is obtained through calculation and expressed as:
wherein
i, measuring point serial numbers are numbered from 1 to n from the hole opening to the hole bottom in sequence;
uirabsolute displacement of the rock mass at the measuring point of the number i along the radial direction, mm;
Δl0-absolute convergence value at the orifice of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station.
Δh0-absolute settlement value at the opening of the hole wall, mm; measured by a total station;
a, measuring and calculating a change angle of the axis of the deep hole before and after the rock mass is deformed by a total station;
rithe initial length value of the multipoint displacement meter at the measuring point of the number i is mm; obtaining the early-stage reading of the multi-point displacement meter;
ri' -i number measuring point position multipoint displacement meter final length value, mm; obtained from later readings of the multi-point displacement meter.
According to the formula (3.1), fitting the radial absolute displacement of n measuring points in the surrounding rock and the radial initial length value of each measuring point of the multipoint displacement meter to obtain a surrounding rock relaxation displacement relational expression
uir＝f(ri)
[ 3.3 ] taking the inverse function of the relation of the surrounding rock relaxation can obtain:
ri＝f-1(uir)
[ 3.4 ] when u isirAnd when the absolute radial displacement of the rock mass is 0, calculating to obtain the maximum relaxation radius of the surrounding rock.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113405510A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 山东高速工程建设集团有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring horizontal absolute displacement of surrounding rock |
| CN113514025A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Geomagnetic and offset synchronous correction method and system for deep true three-dimensional deformation monitoring |
| CN114910004A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Telescopic multipoint displacement meter based on laser ranging and application method thereof |
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| CN113405510A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-17 | 山东高速工程建设集团有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring horizontal absolute displacement of surrounding rock |
| CN114910004A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Telescopic multipoint displacement meter based on laser ranging and application method thereof |
| CN114910004B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-01-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Telescopic multipoint displacement meter based on laser ranging and application method thereof |
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