CN111288748A - Helium purification device and helium purification method - Google Patents
Helium purification device and helium purification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111288748A CN111288748A CN201910961829.0A CN201910961829A CN111288748A CN 111288748 A CN111288748 A CN 111288748A CN 201910961829 A CN201910961829 A CN 201910961829A CN 111288748 A CN111288748 A CN 111288748A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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Abstract
The invention discloses a helium purification device and a helium purification method, which comprise a low-temperature deoxidation system, a low-temperature denitrification system and an impurity adsorption separation system; the low-temperature deoxidation system comprises a liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, a low-temperature spraying device, a low-purity helium storage tank and a liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank, helium in the low-purity helium storage tank enters the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and is gasified, and low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank is sprayed into the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through the low-temperature spraying device to carry out low-temperature deoxidation treatment on the low-purity helium; the low-temperature nitrogen removal system comprises a first heat exchanger, a helium buffer tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein nitrogen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied in a low-temperature environment and is separated from the helium gas; the impurity adsorption separation system comprises a high-purity helium storage tank and a helium purification column, wherein the helium purification column is used for removing other impurities in helium; the invention solves the problem of purifying helium by using low-temperature media such as residual liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and the like after rocket launching and realizes the maximum utilization of resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purified gas, in particular to a helium purification device and a helium purification method.
Background
Helium is one of indispensable rare strategic substances for development of national defense military industry and high-tech industry in China, and helium resources in China are quite poor, so that the helium is recycled, and the recycled helium is purified and then is recycled, thereby having important significance.
The high-purity helium (with the purity of 99.9999 percent and V/V) plays an extremely important role in the low-temperature rocket launching process of the aerospace launching field, is mainly used for gas replacement before filling of low-temperature pipelines such as liquid hydrogen and the like, gas replacement of a satellite propellant and an oxidant storage tank, pressurization gas used as a rocket propellant and the like, and a large amount of high-purity helium is used in different stages in the whole launching process. In order to fully utilize helium resources, most of helium used for low-temperature rocket launching, particularly for gas replacement is recovered after being used, but the recovered helium is doped with a large amount of nitrogen, oxygen and other impurity gases in the air and can be reused after being purified. In addition, the low-temperature propellant in the aerospace launching field needs to use a large amount of low-temperature propellant fuels such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen (auxiliary propellant), in order to ensure the full guarantee of the low-temperature propellant, the low-temperature propellant is generally prepared according to the actual usage amount of 2 times, after the rocket is successfully launched, the residual low-temperature propellant is generally subjected to harmless treatment, for example, the liquid hydrogen is generally burnt by a hydrogen combustion pool, and thus a large amount of waste of the low-temperature propellant such as the liquid hydrogen is inevitably caused. Therefore, how to realize the maximization of resource utilization, the aim of purifying and recovering helium is realized by using low-temperature media (hydrogen boiling point-252.8 ℃ melting point-259 ℃ oxygen boiling point-183.1 ℃ melting point-218.4 ℃ nitrogen boiling point-195.6 ℃ melting point-209.8) such as residual liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and the like after rocket launching, and the method has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a helium gas device and a helium gas method for recycling a purified space launching field, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, solving the problem of purifying helium gas by using low-temperature media such as residual liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and the like after rocket launching and realizing the maximum utilization of resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a helium purification device, which comprises a low-temperature deoxidation system, a low-temperature denitrification system and an impurity adsorption separation system, wherein the low-temperature deoxidation system is connected with the low-temperature denitrification system;
the low-temperature deoxidation system comprises a liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, a low-temperature spraying device, a low-purity helium storage tank and a liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank is used for storing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the low-purity helium storage tank is connected with the wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline and is communicated with the inside of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the low-temperature spraying device is arranged at the top end of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, and the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank is connected with the low-temperature spraying device through a pipeline;
the low-temperature nitrogen removal system comprises a first heat exchanger, a helium buffer tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank is connected with a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger through a pipeline, a heat medium inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline, a cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and an inlet of the helium buffer tank is connected with a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger through a pipeline;
the impurity adsorption separation system comprises a high-purity helium storage tank and a helium purification column, one end of the helium purification column is connected with an outlet of the helium buffer tank through a pipeline, the other end of the high-purity helium storage tank is connected with the other end of the helium purification column through a pipeline, and the helium purification column is used for removing impurity gases in helium.
Preferably, the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises a second heat exchanger and a first helium compression pump, the second heat exchanger is further arranged on a pipeline between the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and the low-purity helium storage tank, the low-purity helium storage tank is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger, the cavity wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity is connected with a heat medium outlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger, and the first helium compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between a heat medium inlet of the second heat exchanger and the low-purity helium storage tank.
Preferably, the cryogenic deoxidation system further comprises an oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank and a first cryogenic pump, and the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank, the first cryogenic pump and a cold medium inlet of the second heat exchanger are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
Preferably, the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises a helium gas release ring, the helium gas release ring is fixedly arranged in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the helium gas release ring is connected with the low-purity helium storage tank through a pipeline, and a plurality of gas release holes are uniformly formed in the helium gas release ring.
Preferably, the low-temperature nitrogen removal system further comprises a low-temperature compression pump, and the low-temperature compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and the cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, the cryogenic denitrogenation system further comprises a second cryogenic pump, the second cryogenic pump is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage tank and a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger, the cryogenic deoxidation system further comprises a third cryogenic pump, and the third cryogenic pump is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid nitrogen cryogenic storage tank and the cryogenic spray device.
Preferably, the impurity adsorption separation system further comprises a second helium compression pump, and the second helium compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between the helium purification column and the high-purity helium storage tank.
Preferably, a molecular sieve and a metal oxide are arranged in the helium purification column, and the mass ratio of the molecular sieve to the metal oxide in the helium purification column is 7: and 3, the molecular sieve is formed by mixing a 3A molecular sieve and a 4A molecular sieve in equal mass ratio.
The invention also provides a helium purification method based on the helium purification device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: low-purity helium in the low-purity helium storage tank enters the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and is gasified;
step two: the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank flows into the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline and is sprayed, the temperature in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, oxygen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied in a low-temperature environment, and the deoxidized low-purity helium gas enters the first heat exchanger from the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity;
step three: the low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank enters the first heat exchanger, the temperature in the first heat exchanger is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, nitrogen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied under a low-temperature environment and is separated from the helium gas, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the low-temperature hydrogen gas storage tank through a pipeline for storage;
step four: and the low-purity helium gas and the liquid nitrogen enter the helium buffer tank from a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen is temporarily stored in the helium buffer tank, the low-purity helium gas enters the helium purification column to be subjected to other gas impurity removing stages, and the purified high-purity helium gas enters the high-purity helium storage tank to be stored.
Preferably, a second heat exchanger is further arranged on a pipeline between the low-purity helium storage tank and the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity;
and liquefying the oxygen in the low-purity helium gas by the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the step two, and discharging the liquid nitrogen and the liquid oxygen from the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity into the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-purity helium gas in the second heat exchanger through a cold medium outlet of the second heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a helium purification device and a helium purification method, which comprise a low-temperature deoxidation system, a low-temperature denitrification system and an impurity adsorption separation system; the low-temperature deoxidation system comprises a liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, a low-temperature spraying device, a low-purity helium storage tank and a liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank, helium in the low-purity helium storage tank enters the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and is gasified, low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank flows into the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline and is sprayed, the temperature in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity can ensure that oxygen and nitrogen are in liquid state and in an uncrystallized state while the helium is always in gas state, and the oxygen in the low-purity helium is liquefied in a low-temperature environment; the low-temperature denitrogenation system comprises a first heat exchanger, a helium buffer tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank enters the first heat exchanger, the temperature in the first heat exchanger can ensure that helium is always gas, nitrogen is in a liquid state and is in an uncrystallized state, nitrogen in low-purity helium is liquefied and separated from the helium in a low-temperature environment, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline for storage; the impurity adsorption separation system comprises a high-purity helium storage tank and a helium purification column, low-purity helium and liquid nitrogen enter the helium buffer tank from a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen is temporarily stored in the helium buffer tank, the low-purity helium enters the helium purification column to remove other gas impurities, and the purified high-purity helium enters the high-purity helium storage tank to be stored; the invention solves the problem of purifying helium by using low-temperature media such as residual liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen and the like after rocket launching and realizes the maximum utilization of resources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a helium purification apparatus provided in the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a 1-low-purity helium storage tank, a 2-liquid nitrogen spray cavity, a 3-low-temperature spray device, a 4-liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank, a 5-first heat exchanger, a 6-helium buffer tank, a 7-low-temperature hydrogen storage tank, an 8-liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank, a 9-high-purity helium storage tank, a 10-helium purification column, an 11-second heat exchanger, a 12-first helium compression pump, a 13-oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank, a 14-first low-temperature pump, a 15-helium gas discharge ring, a 16-low-temperature compression pump, a 17-second low-temperature pump, an 18-second helium gas compression pump and a 19-third low-temperature pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a helium purification device and a helium purification method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a helium purification device, which comprises a low-temperature deoxidation system, a low-temperature denitrification system and an impurity adsorption separation system, wherein the low-temperature deoxidation system is connected with the low-temperature denitrification system;
the low-temperature deoxidation system comprises a liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2, a low-temperature spraying device 3, a low-purity helium storage tank 1 and a liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank 4, wherein the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank 4 is used for storing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the low-purity helium storage tank 1 is connected with the wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 through a pipeline and communicated with the inside of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2, the low-temperature spraying device 3 is arranged at the top end of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2, and the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank 4 is connected with the low-;
the low-temperature denitrification system comprises a first heat exchanger 5, a helium buffer tank 6, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank 7 and a liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank 8, wherein the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank 8 is connected with a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 5 through a pipeline, a heat medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 5 is connected with the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 through a pipeline, a cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 is connected with the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank 7 through a pipeline, and an inlet of the helium buffer tank 6 is connected with a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 through a pipeline;
the impurity adsorption separation system comprises a high-purity helium storage tank 9 and a helium purification column 10, one end of the helium purification column 10 is connected with an outlet of a helium buffer tank 6 through a pipeline, the helium buffer tank 6 can store liquefied nitrogen impurities which are liquefied and flow out in a first heat exchanger 5, the gas flow uniformity of the pipeline between a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 and the helium purification column 10 can be adjusted, the stable operation of low-temperature nitrogen removal is ensured, the high-purity helium storage tank 9 is connected with the other end of the helium purification column 10 through a pipeline, the helium purification column 10 is used for removing impurity gases in the helium, and the impurity gases mainly comprise impurities such as water vapor, methane, carbon oxides, trace nitrogen, oxygen, trace inert gases and the like;
the low-temperature rocket launching of the space launching field needs to use a large amount of low-temperature propellant fuels such as liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, in order to ensure the full guarantee of the low-temperature propellant, the low-temperature propellant is generally prepared according to the actual use amount of 2 times, after the rocket is successfully launched, the rest low-temperature propellant is generally subjected to harmless treatment, for example, in order to ensure the safety, the liquid hydrogen is generally burnt by a hydrogen combustion pool, thus a large amount of waste of the low-temperature propellant such as the liquid hydrogen is inevitably caused, the low-temperature liquid hydrogen and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the invention are both from unused cold medium remained after the rocket is launched, the low-temperature liquid hydrogen and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen are respectively used for liquefying nitrogen and oxygen in low-temperature pure helium gas, the purpose of purifying the helium gas is achieved, the utilization rate of the liquid hydrogen and the liquid hydrogen is greatly improved, and other surplus low-temperature medium can replace the liquid hydrogen and the liquid, Liquid nitrogen and other low-temperature media solve the problem of helium purification and realize the maximum utilization of resources.
Further, the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises a second heat exchanger 11 and a first helium gas compression pump 12, the second heat exchanger 11 is further arranged on a pipeline between the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 and the low-purity helium gas storage tank 1, the low-purity helium gas storage tank 1 is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger 11, the cavity wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 is connected with a heat medium outlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger 11, the first helium gas compression pump 12 is arranged on a pipeline between a heat medium inlet of the second heat exchanger 11 and the low-purity helium gas storage tank 1, the first helium gas compression pump 12 is used for increasing the density of helium gas so that the helium gas can conveniently circulate in the pipeline, and the second heat exchanger 11 is used for cooling the low-purity helium gas so as to keep the low-purity helium gas in a sufficient low-temperature.
Further, the cryogenic deoxidation system further comprises an oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank 13 and a first cryogenic pump 14, the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2, the oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank 13, the first cryogenic pump 14 and a cold medium inlet of the second heat exchanger 11 are sequentially connected through a pipeline, the first cryogenic pump 14 is used for providing flowing power for cryogenic liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, so that the working efficiency is increased, the oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank 13 is used for adjusting the flow uniformity of liquid in the pipeline and ensuring that the cryogenic deoxidation works stably, after the cryogenic deoxidation treatment is performed on low-purity helium, a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen flows through the oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank 13 and enters the second heat exchanger 11 to serve as a cold medium to perform pre-cooling treatment on the low-purity helium, the cold temperature of the liquid nitrogen is fully utilized, and then the liquid hydrogen and the liquid oxygen are discharged to the atmosphere from a cold medium outlet of the second heat exchanger 11.
Further, low temperature deoxidation system still includes helium gas ring 15, and helium gas ring 15 is fixed to be set up in liquid nitrogen sprays cavity 2, and helium gas ring 15 passes through the tube coupling with low pure helium storage tank 1, has evenly seted up a plurality of gas release holes on helium gas ring 15, and helium gas ring 15 is used for carrying out even diffusion to helium, helps helium and liquid nitrogen that liquid nitrogen spray set sprayed down to carry out abundant contact and then rapid cooling.
Further, the cryogenic nitrogen removal system further comprises a cryogenic compression pump 16, the cryogenic compression pump 16 is arranged on a pipeline between the cryogenic hydrogen storage tank 7 and the cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 5, and the cryogenic compression pump 16 is used for providing power for the flow of the liquid hydrogen and compressing the volume of the liquid hydrogen, so that the liquid hydrogen can be stored for the next use.
Further, the cryogenic denitrogenation system further comprises a second cryogenic pump 17, the second cryogenic pump 17 is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage tank 8 and a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger 5, the second cryogenic pump 17 is used for providing power for the flow of cryogenic liquid hydrogen, the cryogenic deoxidation system further comprises a third cryogenic pump 19, the third cryogenic pump 19 is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid nitrogen cryogenic storage tank 4 and the cryogenic spray device 3, and the third cryogenic pump 19 is used for providing power for the flow of cryogenic liquid nitrogen.
Further, the impurity adsorption separation system further comprises a second helium compression pump 18, the second helium compression pump 18 is disposed on the pipeline between the helium purification column 10 and the high purity helium storage tank 9, and the second helium compression pump 18 is configured to compress the high purity helium gas to increase the density thereof, so that the high purity helium storage tank 9 stores more high purity helium gas.
Further, a molecular sieve and a metal oxide are arranged in the helium purification column 10, and the mass ratio of the molecular sieve to the metal oxide in the helium purification column 10 is 7: and 3, the molecular sieve is formed by mixing a 3A molecular sieve and a 4A molecular sieve in equal mass ratio, the corresponding proportion is selected according to the proportion of various impurity gases in the low-purity helium gas in actual conditions, the metal oxide is formed by oxidizing metal powder, the metal powder is mainly formed by mixing lanthanum (La), ruthenium (Ru) and iron (Fe) in a ratio of 1:1:2, and the corresponding proportion is also selected according to the proportion of various impurity gases in the low-purity helium gas in actual conditions.
The helium purification method based on the helium purification device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the low-purity helium in the low-purity helium storage tank 1 enters the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 and is gasified;
step two: the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank 4 flows into the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 through a pipeline and is sprayed, the temperature in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, the temperature control principle is that oxygen and nitrogen are both in liquid state and are in an uncrystallized state while helium is ensured to be always gas, the optimal control temperature is-196 degrees, oxygen in low-purity helium is liquefied in a low-temperature environment, and deoxidized low-purity helium enters the first heat exchanger 5 from the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2;
step three: the low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank 8 enters the first heat exchanger 5, the temperature in the first heat exchanger 5 is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, nitrogen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied and separated from the helium gas in a low-temperature environment, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the low-temperature hydrogen gas storage tank 7 through a pipeline for storage;
step four: the low-purity helium gas and the liquid nitrogen enter the helium buffer tank 6 from the heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger 5, the liquid nitrogen is temporarily stored in the helium buffer tank 6, when the liquid nitrogen reaches a certain amount, a valve of the helium buffer tank 6 is opened to take out the liquid nitrogen so as not to influence the normal helium purification work, the low-purity helium gas enters the helium purification column 10 to remove other gas impurities, and the purified high-purity helium gas enters the high-purity helium storage tank 9 to be stored.
Further, after the oxygen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied by the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the step two, the liquid nitrogen and the liquid oxygen enter the second heat exchanger 11 from the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity 2 to exchange heat with the low-purity helium gas in the second heat exchanger 11, and then are discharged through a cold medium outlet of the second heat exchanger 11.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A helium purification device, characterized by: comprises a low-temperature deoxidation system, a low-temperature denitrification system and an impurity adsorption separation system;
the low-temperature deoxidation system comprises a liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, a low-temperature spraying device, a low-purity helium storage tank and a liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank is used for storing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the low-purity helium storage tank is connected with the wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline and is communicated with the inside of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the low-temperature spraying device is arranged at the top end of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, and the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank is connected with the low-temperature spraying device through a pipeline;
the low-temperature nitrogen removal system comprises a first heat exchanger, a helium buffer tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and a liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank, wherein the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank is connected with a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger through a pipeline, a heat medium inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline, a cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and an inlet of the helium buffer tank is connected with a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger through a pipeline;
the impurity adsorption separation system comprises a high-purity helium storage tank and a helium purification column, one end of the helium purification column is connected with an outlet of the helium buffer tank through a pipeline, the other end of the high-purity helium storage tank is connected with the other end of the helium purification column through a pipeline, and the helium purification column is used for removing impurity gases in helium.
2. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises a second heat exchanger and a first helium compression pump, the second heat exchanger is further arranged on a pipeline between the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and the low-purity helium storage tank, the low-purity helium storage tank is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger, the wall of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity is connected with a heat medium outlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger, and the first helium compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between a heat medium inlet of the second heat exchanger and the low-purity helium storage tank.
3. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises an oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank and a first low-temperature pump, and the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the oxygen-nitrogen buffer tank, the first low-temperature pump and a cold medium inlet of the second heat exchanger are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
4. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature deoxidation system further comprises a helium gas discharge ring, the helium gas discharge ring is fixedly arranged in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity, the helium gas discharge ring is connected with the low-purity helium storage tank through a pipeline, and a plurality of gas discharge holes are uniformly formed in the helium gas discharge ring.
5. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature nitrogen removal system further comprises a low-temperature compression pump, and the low-temperature compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between the low-temperature hydrogen storage tank and a cold medium outlet of the first heat exchanger.
6. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cryogenic denitrogenation system further comprises a second cryogenic pump, the second cryogenic pump is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage tank and a cold medium inlet of the first heat exchanger, the cryogenic deoxidation system further comprises a third cryogenic pump, and the third cryogenic pump is arranged on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage tank and the cryogenic spray device.
7. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the impurity adsorption separation system further comprises a second helium compression pump, and the second helium compression pump is arranged on a pipeline between the helium purification column and the high-purity helium storage tank.
8. A helium purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a molecular sieve and a metal oxide are arranged in the helium purification column, and the mass ratio of the molecular sieve to the metal oxide in the helium purification column is 7: and 3, the molecular sieve is formed by mixing a 3A molecular sieve and a 4A molecular sieve in equal mass ratio.
9. A helium purification method based on the helium purification device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: low-purity helium in the low-purity helium storage tank enters the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity and is gasified;
step two: the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen low-temperature storage tank flows into the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity through a pipeline and is sprayed, the temperature in the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, oxygen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied in a low-temperature environment, and the deoxidized low-purity helium gas enters the first heat exchanger from the upper part of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity;
step three: the low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen low-temperature storage tank enters the first heat exchanger, the temperature in the first heat exchanger is maintained to be-196 degrees to-209 degrees, nitrogen in the low-purity helium gas is liquefied under a low-temperature environment and is separated from the helium gas, and the liquid hydrogen after heat exchange enters the low-temperature hydrogen gas storage tank through a pipeline for storage;
step four: and the low-purity helium gas and the liquid nitrogen enter the helium buffer tank from a heat medium outlet of the first heat exchanger, the liquid nitrogen is temporarily stored in the helium buffer tank, the low-purity helium gas enters the helium purification column to be subjected to other gas impurity removing stages, and the purified high-purity helium gas enters the high-purity helium storage tank to be stored.
10. A helium purification process according to claim 9, wherein: a second heat exchanger is also arranged on a pipeline between the low-purity helium storage tank and the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity;
and liquefying the oxygen in the low-purity helium gas by the low-temperature liquid nitrogen in the step two, and discharging the liquid nitrogen and the liquid oxygen from the bottom of the liquid nitrogen spraying cavity into the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-purity helium gas in the second heat exchanger through a cold medium outlet of the second heat exchanger.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112919437A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-08 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Refining method and system for crude helium with high hydrogen content |
| CN112944802A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-11 | 西南石油大学 | Precooling apparatus before filling liquid helium storage tank |
| CN113280572A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
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| CN112944802A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-11 | 西南石油大学 | Precooling apparatus before filling liquid helium storage tank |
| CN113280572A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
| CN113280572B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
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