CN111286366B - Multi-channel nozzle and reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

A nozzle and a reactor. The nozzle includes the nozzle main part, and the nozzle still includes: a fuel passage provided in the nozzle body; a plurality of gasification agent inlet channels disposed in the nozzle body; the gasification agent collecting box is arranged in the nozzle main body, is connected with the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels and is used for collecting the gasification agents from the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels; and a plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels disposed in the nozzle body and respectively connected with the gasifying agent header, wherein the nozzle body includes a refractory heat insulating material, and the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header, and the gasifying agent outlet channel are all configured to be spaced apart from the fuel channel such that the refractory heat insulating material is disposed between the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header, and the gasifying agent outlet channel and the fuel channel. According to the nozzle and reactor of the present invention, the temperature loss of the hot fuel is minimized.

Description

Multi-channel nozzle and reactor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gasification, in particular to a nozzle and a reactor with the same.

Background

The coal gasification technology is an important component of clean coal technology, is one of main ways for efficiently and cleanly utilizing coal, and has become a core technology of numerous modern energy and chemical systems. The entrained flow coal gasification process has high reaction temperature, can adopt liquid slag discharge, has high gasification strength, large production capacity and high carbon conversion rate, and is the main development direction of the existing coal gasification technology. However, the existing entrained-flow bed gasification process has the problems of small particle size of the coal powder entering the furnace, high preparation cost, large limitation on coal types and the like. The preheating type gasification process combines the preheating and the gasification of coal, realizes the step control of the coal gasification reaction process, effectively reduces the requirement of the system on the grain diameter of the raw material coal, and simultaneously takes oxygen-enriched/pure oxygen or air and water vapor as a gasification agent to realize high-efficiency gasification.

In the preheating gasification process, hot fuel (including semicoke and coal gas) generated by the preheating unit needs to enter the gasification unit together with a gasifying agent through a nozzle, and the high temperature of the hot fuel is utilized to generate a high-temperature area at the moment of contacting with the gasifying agent so as to strengthen the gasification reaction. The existing entrained-flow bed gasification nozzles are multi-channel nozzles, and the conveyed materials are mainly coal water slurry and gasification agent (pure oxygen) or coal powder (composed of N)₂Or CO₂Pneumatic transport) + gasifying agent (pure oxygen), temperature control is required to prevent overheating damage to the nozzles due to high temperatures in the gasifier, e.g. by controlling the temperature of the gasifying agent, e.g. by cooling. The nozzle cooling method mainly includes an internal cooling type and an external cooling type (for example, a cooling coil is provided outside the nozzle, and a water jacket is provided at the nozzle head).

For the existing fluidized bed reactor, reactants are mainly normal-temperature fuel and gasifying agent, an independent gasification nozzle is needed to convey the fuel and the gasifying agent, and the jet flow modes of the fuel and the gasifying agent are organized at the same time, so that the purposes of stable combustion and full reaction are achieved. Different from the conventional entrained flow gasification, in the preheating gasification process, the material entering the gasification unit is hot fuel and gasification agent (pure oxygen) at the temperature of 800-. As the fuel temperature is higher than the ignition temperature, once the gasifying agent and the hot fuel are contacted, the full reaction can be carried out, the problem of stable combustion does not exist, and the requirements on the organization mode of fuel and gasifying agent jet flow are reduced. If the gasification unit of the preheating gasification process adopts the mode of matching the traditional entrained flow hearth with an internal cooling nozzle, hot fuel is cooled along the way of the nozzle, the temperature of the hot fuel is reduced, and the performance of the gasification process is seriously influenced; if the existing mode that the hearth of the entrained flow bed is matched with an external cooling nozzle is adopted, the pure oxygen channel and the hot fuel channel only separate metal wall surfaces, oxygen is heated, the operation safety of the system is seriously influenced, and the oxygen pipeline specification is not met (the temperature of the outer wall of the pipeline is not more than 70 ℃). Even if the heat insulation coating is added in the pipeline, the effect is not good while the cost is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reactor suitable for the reaction of the hot fuel and the gasifying agent and a gasification nozzle suitable for the reactor, which can convey the hot fuel and the gasifying agent, aiming at the preheating gasification process.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome at least partly the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a new nozzle and reactor.

The invention also aims to provide a nozzle and a reactor with the nozzle, which are suitable for conveying and reacting hot fuel and a gasifying agent, in particular for conveying and reacting hot fuel and a gasifying agent with high oxygen concentration (more than 50 percent of oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen) in a preheating gasification process.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a nozzle and a reactor having the same, which can minimize the temperature loss of hot fuel while ensuring a reasonable organization of preheated hot fuel and high oxygen concentration gasifying agent into a gasification unit.

The invention also aims to provide a nozzle and a reactor with the nozzle, which ensure that the temperature of the gasifying agent is in a safe range.

To achieve one of the above objects or purposes, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

a nozzle comprising a nozzle body, the nozzle further comprising:

a fuel passage disposed in the nozzle body;

a plurality of gasification agent inlet passages disposed in the nozzle body;

the gasification agent collecting box is arranged in the nozzle main body, is connected with the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels and is used for collecting the gasification agents from the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels; and

a plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels which are arranged in the nozzle main body and are respectively connected with the gasifying agent header,

wherein the nozzle body comprises a refractory insulating material, and the gasifying agent inlet channel, gasifying agent header and gasifying agent outlet channel are each configured to be spaced apart from the fuel channel such that the refractory insulating material is disposed between the gasifying agent inlet channel, gasifying agent header and gasifying agent outlet channel and the fuel channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gasifying agent header is an annular channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle further comprises a cooling channel provided in the nozzle body and surrounding the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header and/or the gasifying agent outlet channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of gasifying agent inlet passages surround the fuel passage, and the plurality of gasifying agent outlet passages surround the fuel passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of gasification agent outlet channels is greater than or equal to the number of gasification agent inlet channels.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent outlet passages intersect at a point, and the point is located on the center line of the fuel passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooling channels are cooling coils spirally wound outside the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header or the gasifying agent outlet channel, or

The cooling channel is a cooling sleeve which is coaxial with the gasification agent inlet channel or the gasification agent outlet channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the cooling passage is a cooling jacket, the cooling passage includes a cooling passage partition plate which is provided in a gap between the cooling passage and the gasifying agent inlet passage or the gasifying agent outlet passage in a longitudinal direction of the gasifying agent inlet passage or the gasifying agent outlet passage, and the cooling passage partition plate has a length smaller than that of the cooling passage so that one side of the cooling passage partition plate serves as an inlet side of the cooling medium and the other side serves as an outlet side of the cooling medium.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gasification agent inlet channel is different from the gasification agent outlet channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the gasifying agent outlet channel is smaller than the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the gasifying agent inlet channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gasifying agent inlet passages are inclined with respect to the fuel passage, and the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent inlet passages intersect at a point which is located on the center line of the fuel passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gasifying agent outlet passages are inclined with respect to the fuel passage, and the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent outlet passages intersect at a point which is located on the center line of the fuel passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of gasification agent outlet channels is twice the number of gasification agent inlet channels.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one gasifying agent inlet channel corresponds to two gasifying agent outlet channels, and the angle between the center line of one of the two gasifying agent outlet channels and the center line of the fuel channel is different from the angle between the center line of the other gasifying agent outlet channel and the center line of the fuel channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle between the centre line of the gasifying agent outlet channel and the centre line of the fuel channel is 10 to 90.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooling channel comprises an inlet and an outlet, both arranged on the same side of the nozzle body.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a cooling channel surrounds the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of gasification agent inlet passages and a cooling passage constitute a gasification agent-cooling passage group, and the nozzle includes a plurality of gasification agent-cooling passage groups.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzle further comprises an additional carburettor channel, which is arranged in the centre of the fuel channel, coaxially with the fuel channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzle further comprises an additional cooling channel surrounding the additional gasifying agent channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional cooling channel comprises an additional cooling channel partition which is arranged in the gap between the additional cooling channel and the additional gasifying agent channel in the longitudinal direction of the additional gasifying agent channel and has a length which is smaller than the length of the additional cooling channel, so that one side of the additional cooling channel partition serves as an inlet side for the cooling medium and the other side serves as an outlet side for the cooling medium.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzle further comprises an additional gasifying agent channel fluidly connecting the two or more gasifying agent inlet channels.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle further comprises an additional gasifying agent passage, both ends of which are communicated with the gasifying agent header.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasification agent channels are fluidly connected to gasification agent inlet channels adjacent to each other or the additional gasification agent channels are fluidly connected to gasification agent inlet channels opposite to each other.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle further comprises an additional cooling channel surrounding the additional gasifying agent channel and being in fluid communication with the cooling channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, one of the two cooling channels, which are connected to each other via the additional cooling channel, serves as an inlet channel and the other as an outlet channel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasification agent channel is one, or

The additional gasifying agent channels are multiple and distributed in an X shape, a cross shape or a meter shape.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said additional cooling channel is one, or

The additional cooling channels are multiple and are distributed in an X shape, a cross shape or a meter shape.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasification agent channel and/or the additional cooling channel are/is of an arch-shaped configuration.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasification agent channel comprises one or more gasification agent outlets.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gasification agent outlet is injected in a direction parallel to the center line of the fuel passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the minimum thickness of the refractory insulation between the cooling channels and the fuel channels outside the gasifying agent inlet channel is greater than or equal to the minimum thickness of the refractory insulation between the cooling channels and the fuel channels outside the gasifying agent header.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasifying agent channels are central gasifying agent inlet channels, and the distance between the outlet ends of the central gasifying agent inlet channels and the outlet ends of the fuel channels is greater than 0.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the additional gasification agent channels are central gasification agent channels, and the included angle between the horizontal plane and the connecting line of the midpoint of the central line of the central gasification agent channel and the intersection point of the central line of the central gasification agent channel and the central line of the gasification agent header is 0-45 degrees.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the central gasification agent channel has an arch-shaped structure.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor comprising a nozzle as described in any one of the preceding embodiments.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reactor further comprises:

the outlet ends of the fuel channel and the gasifying agent outlet channel of the nozzle are respectively connected with the hearth;

the outlet channel is communicated with the hearth and is used for sending a reaction product out of the hearth;

the slag discharging port is used for discharging bottom slag produced by the reaction out of the hearth; and

the fireproof heat preservation layer is coated outside the hearth, and the outlet channel and the slag discharge port are embedded in the fireproof heat preservation layer coated outside the hearth.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refractory insulating layer coated outside the furnace chamber is integrated with the refractory insulating material of the nozzle body of the nozzle, and the gasifying agent inlet passage, the gasifying agent header, the gasifying agent outlet passage and/or the fuel passage of the nozzle are embedded in the refractory insulating layer coated outside the furnace chamber.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reactor further comprises a quench medium channel in communication with the hearth for feeding quench medium into the hearth to cool the molten slag.

According to the nozzle and the reactor with the nozzle, the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header and the plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels are arranged, so that the gasifying agent entering the nozzle is transited through the gasifying agent header, and the design of the gasifying agent header enables the gasifying agent outlet channels to be uniformly arranged around the hot fuel channel under the condition that the number of the gasifying agent inlet channels is limited, thereby being beneficial to the full and uniform mixing of the gasifying agent and the hot fuel. Moreover, the fuel channel is isolated from the cooling channel by using the refractory heat-insulating material, so that the influence of a cooling medium in the cooling channel on the temperature of the hot fuel is effectively reduced, and the temperature of the hot fuel entering the gasification furnace is ensured, so that the temperature loss of the hot fuel is minimized while the preheated hot fuel and the high-oxygen-concentration gasification agent are reasonably organized and enter the gasification unit; meanwhile, a fireproof heat-insulating material and a cooling channel are arranged between the gasifying agent channel and the fuel channel, so that the influence of hot fuel on the temperature of the gasifying agent is effectively reduced, and the temperature of the gasifying agent is ensured to be within a safe range.

The nozzle and the reactor with the nozzle are suitable for conveying and reacting hot fuel and gasifying agent, especially for conveying and reacting hot fuel and gasifying agent with high oxygen concentration (more than 50% oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen) in preheating gasification process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle taken along section A-A in FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a nozzle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment of the invention, taken along section A-A in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a third embodiment of the invention, taken along section A-A in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a third embodiment of the invention, taken along section B-B in FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, taken along section A-A in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a nozzle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to example five of the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to example five of the present invention, taken along section A-A in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a top view of a nozzle according to example five of the present invention; and

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reactor according to example six of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals denote like or similar elements. Furthermore, in the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in schematic form in order to simplify the drawing.

According to the general inventive concept, there is provided a nozzle including a nozzle body, the nozzle further including: a fuel passage disposed in the nozzle body; a plurality of gasification agent inlet passages disposed in the nozzle body; the gasification agent collecting box is arranged in the nozzle main body, is connected with the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels and is used for collecting the gasification agents from the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels; and a plurality of gasifying agent outlet passages provided in the nozzle main body and respectively connected to the gasifying agent header, wherein the nozzle main body includes a refractory heat insulating material, and the gasifying agent inlet passage, the gasifying agent header, and the gasifying agent outlet passages are all configured to be spaced apart from the fuel passage such that the refractory heat insulating material is provided between the gasifying agent inlet passage, the gasifying agent header, and the gasifying agent outlet passages and the fuel passage.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the nozzle includes a nozzle body, a hot fuel passage 11, a gasifying agent inlet passage 12, a gasifying agent header 10, a gasifying agent outlet passage 13, a cooling passage 14, and a refractory insulating layer 15. Wherein, the nozzle body is configured to be cylindrical, as shown by drawing a hatched portion in the figure; the hot fuel channel 11 is arranged in the center of the nozzle main body and used for feeding hot fuel into the gasification furnace, the inlet end of the hot fuel channel 11 is communicated with a hot fuel source, and the outlet end of the hot fuel channel is communicated with the gasification furnace; a plurality of gasifying agent inlet channels 12 are arranged in the nozzle main body and are uniformly distributed around the hot fuel channel 11, and the inlet ends of the gasifying agent inlet channels are communicated with a gasifying agent source; the gasification agent header 10 is an annular channel, is arranged in the nozzle main body, is communicated with the outlet ends of the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels 12, and is used for collecting the gasification agent from the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels, and the center of the center line of the annular channel is positioned in the cross section of the hot fuel channel 11; a plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels 13 are arranged in the nozzle main body, the inlet ends of the gasifying agent outlet channels 13 are communicated with the gasifying agent header 10, and the outlet ends are communicated with the gasification furnace; the cooling channel 14 is arranged in the nozzle body and is arranged outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 and the gasifying agent header 10, and the cooling channel 14 outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 can be respectively used as a cooling medium inlet pipe and a cooling medium outlet pipe; the outer wall surface of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 is a cylinder body coaxial with the hot fuel channel 11, and the hot fuel channel 11, the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10, the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the cooling channel 14 are all embedded in the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15. In the present embodiment, the nozzle body is constructed to be composed of the refractory insulating layer 15; alternatively, the nozzle body may comprise a refractory insulating material. Wherein the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10 and the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 are each configured to be spaced apart from the hot fuel channel 11 such that a refractory insulating material is provided between the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10 and the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the hot fuel channel 11.

The gasification agent that makes to get into the nozzle through setting up gasification agent inlet channel, gasification agent header and a plurality of gasification agent outlet channel passes through the transition of gasification agent header, and the design of gasification agent header makes under the limited condition of gasification agent inlet channel quantity, and gasification agent outlet channel can evenly be arranged around hot fuel passageway, is favorable to the abundant homogeneous mixing of gasification agent and hot fuel.

In alternative embodiments, the cooling channels 14 may surround the gasification agent inlet channels 12, the gasification agent header 10 and/or the gasification agent outlet channels 13; the gasifying agent inlet passages 12 may be inclined with respect to the hot fuel passage 11, and the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent inlet passages 12 intersect at a point on the center line of the hot fuel passage 11.

Wherein, the wall surface of the hot fuel channel 11 is made of metal material or refractory heat-insulating material with heat-insulating material laid on the outer wall surface; the walls of the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10 and the cooling channel 14 are made of metal materials; the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is made of metal or refractory heat-insulating material.

The number of the gasifying agent inlet passages 12 and the number of the gasifying agent outlet passages 13 are plural, respectively, and the plural gasifying agent inlet passages 12 and the plural gasifying agent outlet passages 13 surround the hot fuel passage 11, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the number of the gasifying agent inlet passages 12 and the number of the gasifying agent outlet passages 13 are 6, respectively, which are uniformly distributed on the outer periphery of the hot fuel passage 11 to form a circle coaxial with the hot fuel passage 11, and the center lines of the plural gasifying agent outlet passages 13 intersect at a point which is located on the center line of the hot fuel passage 11. The gasifying agent inlet duct 12 is different from the gasifying agent outlet duct 13, for example, in size and shape, and the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the gasifying agent outlet duct 13 is smaller than that of the cross section of the gasifying agent inlet duct 12, as shown in FIG. 1. Here, one gasifying agent inlet channel 12 corresponds to one gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and one cooling channel 14.

The gasifying agent passage formed by the gasifying agent inlet passage 12 and the gasifying agent outlet passage 13 includes a straight section and a bent section bent with respect to the straight section, and the center lines of the bent sections of the plurality of gasifying agent passages intersect at a point which is located on the center line of the hot fuel passage 11.

The minimum thickness H of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 between the cooling channel 14 outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 and the hot fuel channel 11 is greater than or equal to the minimum thickness H of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 between the cooling channel 14 outside the gasifying agent header 10 and the hot fuel channel 11, so that the influence of the cooling medium in the cooling channel 14 on the temperature of the hot fuel is reduced as much as possible, and the influence of the hot fuel on the temperature of the gasifying agent in the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is reduced.

The included angle beta between the central line of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the central line of the hot fuel channel 11 is 10-90 degrees, the size of the included angle is determined according to the requirement on the position of a high-temperature area in the gasification furnace, and the rapid and full mixing of the gasifying agent and the hot fuel is ensured by adjusting the size of the included angle.

Wherein, the gasification agent inlet channels 12 and the cooling channels 14 can be combined in various ways, for example, a plurality of gasification agent inlet channels 12 and a plurality of cooling channels 14 form a plurality of gasification agent-cooling channel groups 28, each gasification agent inlet channel 12 is arranged coaxially with one cooling channel 14, and the outer wall surfaces of the cooling channels 14 are close to each other (as shown in FIG. 3); alternatively, a plurality of gasifying agent inlet channels 12 and a cooling channel 14 form a gasifying agent-cooling channel group 28, the gasifying agent inlet channels 12 are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel 14, and the center lines of the gasifying agent inlet channels 12 and the center line of the cooling channel 14 are arranged in parallel.

Preferably, the number of gasifying agent outlet channels 13 is greater than or equal to the number of gasifying agent inlet channels 12.

The cooling channel 14 may be a cooling jacket (cooling jacket) or a cooling coil. When the cooling channel 14 is a cooling coil, a metal coil is spirally wound on the outer wall of the gasification agent channel to be cooled. When the cooling passage 14 is a cooling jacket (cooling jacket), the cooling passage is coaxial with the gasifying agent passage. In the present embodiment, the cooling passage 14 is a cooling jacket. Specifically, the cooling channel 14 may be a cooling coil spirally wound around the outside of the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10 or the gasifying agent outlet channel 13, or the cooling channel 14 may be a cooling jacket coaxial with the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 or the gasifying agent outlet channel 13.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the cooling channel 14 is a cooling jacket, the cooling channel may include a cooling channel partition plate which is provided in a gap between the cooling channel 14 and the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 or the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 in the longitudinal direction of the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 or the gasifying agent outlet channel 13, and the length of the cooling channel partition plate is smaller than the length of the cooling channel so that one side of the cooling channel partition plate serves as an inlet side of the cooling medium and the other side serves as an outlet side of the cooling medium.

The invention sends the hot fuel into the gasification furnace through the hot fuel channel 11, and sends the gasification agent into the gasification furnace through the gasification agent inlet channel 12, the gasification agent header 10 and the gasification agent outlet pipeline 13; the cooling channel 14 is used for ensuring that the temperature of the gasification agent inlet channel 12 and the wall surface of the gasification agent header 10 is in a safe temperature range; the heat dissipation of the hot fuel is reduced by the fireproof heat-insulating layer 15, and the heat transfer quantity between the hot fuel and the gasifying agent is reduced.

The hot fuel channel 11 is isolated from the cooling channel 14 by using a refractory heat-insulating material, so that the influence of a cooling medium in the cooling channel 14 on the temperature of the hot fuel is effectively reduced, and the temperature of the hot fuel entering the gasification furnace is ensured; meanwhile, a refractory heat-insulating material and a cooling channel 14 are arranged between the gasifying agent channel and the hot fuel channel 11, so that the influence of hot fuel on the temperature of the gasifying agent is effectively reduced, and the temperature of the gasifying agent is ensured to be in a safe range. The angle of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13, the gasifying agent outlet speed and the hot fuel outlet speed are matched with each other, so that the mixing of hot fuel and the gasifying agent and the position of a high-temperature area in the gasification furnace can be effectively controlled, and the gasification strength in the gasification furnace is ensured while the refractory and heat-insulating materials on the inner wall of the gasification furnace are protected. Because the hot fuel channel 11 and the gasifying agent channel need to be isolated by using a refractory heat-insulating material, a certain radial distance exists between the gasifying agent outlet and the hot fuel outlet, so that the mixing of the hot fuel and the gasifying agent is delayed, but because the temperature of the hot fuel is higher than a fire point, the mixing delay of the hot fuel and the gasifying agent does not influence the organization and the integral gasification performance of the gasification process.

Example two:

the main difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the gasification agent inlet channel is divided into a circumferential gasification agent inlet channel 17 and a central gasification agent inlet channel 18; the inlet end of the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 is communicated with a gasifying agent source, a plurality of circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17 and a plurality of cooling channels 14 form a plurality of gasifying agent-cooling channel groups 28, each circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 and one cooling channel 14 are coaxially arranged, the outer wall surfaces of the cooling channels 14 are mutually close and fixedly connected, and the gasifying agent-cooling channel groups 28 are uniformly distributed around the hot fuel channel 11; the number of the gasification agent outlet channels 13 is larger than that of the circumferential gasification agent inlet channels 17. Through the structure, the mixing of the gasification agent and the hot fuel is strengthened.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the nozzle includes a hot fuel path 11, a circumferential gasifying agent inlet path 17, a central gasifying agent inlet path 18, a gasifying agent header 10, a gasifying agent outlet path 13, a cooling path 14, and a refractory insulating layer 15. Wherein, the inlet end of the hot fuel channel 11 is communicated with a hot fuel source, and the outlet end is communicated with the gasification furnace; the inlet end of the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 is communicated with a gasifying agent source, a plurality of circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17 and a plurality of cooling channels 14 form a plurality of gasifying agent-cooling channel groups 28, each circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 and one cooling channel 14 are coaxially arranged, the outer wall surfaces of the cooling channels 14 are mutually close and fixedly connected, and the gasifying agent-cooling channel groups 28 are uniformly distributed around the hot fuel channel 11; the gasification agent header 10 is an annular channel and is communicated with the outlet end of the circumferential gasification agent inlet channel 17, and the center of the center line of the annular channel is positioned in the cross section of the hot fuel channel 11; the inlet end of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is communicated with the gasifying agent header 10, and the outlet end is communicated with the gasification furnace; the inlet end of the central gasifying agent inlet channel 18 is communicated with a gasifying agent source, the outlet end of the central gasifying agent inlet channel is communicated with the hot fuel channel 11, and the central gasifying agent inlet channel and the hot fuel channel 11 are coaxially arranged; the cooling channel 14 and the central cooling channel 20 are respectively arranged outside the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 (or the gasifying agent header 10) and the central gasifying agent inlet channel 18, the central line of the cooling channel 14 is parallel to the central line of the corresponding circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17, and the central gasifying agent inlet channel 18 and the central cooling channel 20 are coaxially arranged; the cooling channels 14 outside the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 can be respectively used as a cooling medium inlet pipe and a cooling medium outlet pipe; a central cooling channel partition plate 21 is arranged in the central cooling channel 20 outside the central gasifying agent inlet channel 18, the central cooling channel 20 is divided into an inlet side and an outlet side, the inlet side is communicated with a cooling medium source, and the cooling medium enters from the inlet side and leaves the nozzle through the outlet side; the outer wall surface of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 is a cylinder body coaxial with the hot fuel channel 11, and the hot fuel channel 11, the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17, the gasifying agent header 10, the gasifying agent outlet channel 13, the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel 17 and the cooling channel 14 corresponding to the gasifying agent header 10 are all embedded in the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15.

The circumferential gasification agent inlet channels 17 and the cooling channels 14 can be combined in various manners, for example, a plurality of circumferential gasification agent inlet channels 17 and a plurality of cooling channels 14 form a plurality of gasification agent-cooling channel groups 28, each circumferential gasification agent inlet channel 17 is arranged coaxially with one cooling channel 14, and the outer wall surfaces of the cooling channels 14 are close to each other (as shown in fig. 3); alternatively, a plurality of circumferential gasification agent inlet channels 17 and a cooling channel 14 form a gasification agent-cooling channel group 28, the circumferential gasification agent inlet channels 17 are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel 14, and the center line of the circumferential gasification agent inlet channel 17 is arranged in parallel with the center line of the cooling channel 14 (as shown in fig. 4).

The gasification agent outlet channels 13 may be arranged in various ways, for example, a plurality of gasification agent outlet channels 13 form a gasification agent outlet channel group, the gasification agent outlet channels 13 are close to each other, and the included angle between the center line of each gasification agent outlet channel 13 and the center line of the hot fuel channel 11 is different in size and direction (as shown in fig. 4). In this embodiment, one circumferential gasifying agent channel includes three circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17 and four gasifying agent outlet channels 13, that is, the number of the gasifying agent outlet channels 13 is greater than that of the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17, so that the distribution uniformity of the gasifying agent entering the hearth is increased while the heat dissipation capacity of the hot fuel is reduced by reducing the heating area of the cooling channel outside the gasifying agent inlet channels, and the four gasifying agent outlet channels 13 are communicated with the circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17 at the same side of the three circumferential gasifying agent inlet channels 17. The angle α between the center line of one gasifying agent outlet channel 13 of the four gasifying agent outlet channels 13 and the center line of the hot fuel channel 11 is different from the angle β between the center line of the other gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the center line of the hot fuel channel 11, for example, the angle α is larger than the angle β.

The included angle alpha and beta between the central line of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the central line of the hot fuel channel 11 is 10-90 degrees, the included angle is determined according to the requirement on the position of a high-temperature area in the gasification furnace, and the rapid and sufficient mixing of the gasifying agent and the hot fuel is ensured by adjusting the size of the included angle.

Preferably, the distance b between the outlet end of the central gasifying agent inlet channel 18 and the outlet end of the hot fuel channel 11 is greater than 0, so that the gasifying agent and the hot fuel start to react before entering the gasifier, thereby further increasing the temperature of the hot fuel entering the gasifier.

Example three:

the main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that a central gasifying agent channel 22 is added as an additional gasifying agent channel, and the central gasifying agent channel 22 is communicated with the gasifying agent header 10 and traverses the hot fuel channel 11, and the central gasifying agent channel 22 is provided with a central gasifying agent outlet 23 across the portion of the hot fuel channel 11, which is communicated with the hot fuel channel 11. Through the structure, the mixing of the gasification agent and the hot fuel is strengthened. Further, the gasifying agent inlet channels 12 and the gasifying agent outlet channels 13 are each inclined with respect to the hot fuel channel 11, the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent inlet channels 12 intersect at a point and the point is located on the center line of the hot fuel channel 11, the center lines of the plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels 13 intersect at a point and the point is located on the center line of the hot fuel channel 11.

As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the nozzle includes a hot fuel channel 11, a gasifying agent inlet channel 12, a gasifying agent header tank 10, a central gasifying agent channel 22, a gasifying agent outlet channel 13, a cooling channel 14, and a refractory insulating layer 15. Wherein, the hot fuel channel 11 is used for sending hot fuel into the gasification furnace; the gasification agent inlet channels 12 are uniformly distributed around the hot fuel channel 11, and the inlet ends of the gasification agent inlet channels are communicated with a gasification agent source; the gasifying agent header 10 is an annular channel and is communicated with the outlet end of a gasifying agent inlet channel 12, and the center of the center line of the annular channel is positioned in the cross section of the hot fuel channel 11; the central gasifying agent channel 22 is communicated with the gasifying agent header 10 and traverses the hot fuel channel 11, and a central gasifying agent outlet 23 is arranged on the part of the central gasifying agent channel 22 traversing the hot fuel channel 11 and is communicated with the hot fuel channel 11; the inlet end of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is communicated with the gasifying agent header 10, and the outlet end is communicated with the gasification furnace; the cooling channel 14 is arranged outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 and the gasifying agent header 10, and the central cooling channel 20 is arranged outside the central gasifying agent channel 22; the cooling channels 14 outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 can be respectively used as a cooling medium inlet pipe and a cooling medium outlet pipe; the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 is used for reducing heat dissipation of hot fuel and reducing heat transfer quantity between the hot fuel and a gasifying agent, the outer wall surface of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 is a cylinder body coaxial with the hot fuel channel 11, and the hot fuel channel 11, the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10, the gasifying agent outlet channel 13, the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 and the cooling channel 14 corresponding to the gasifying agent header 10 are all embedded in the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15.

The minimum thickness H of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 between the cooling channel 14 outside the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 and the hot fuel channel 11 is greater than or equal to the minimum thickness H of the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer 15 between the cooling channel 14 outside the gasifying agent header 10 and the hot fuel channel 11, so that the influence of the cooling medium in the cooling channel 14 on the temperature of the hot fuel is reduced as much as possible, and the influence of the hot fuel on the temperature of the gasifying agent in the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is reduced.

The included angle beta between the central line of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 and the central line of the hot fuel channel 11 is 10-90 degrees, the size of the included angle is determined according to the requirement on the position of a high-temperature area in the gasification furnace, and the rapid and full mixing of the gasifying agent and the hot fuel is ensured by adjusting the size of the included angle.

The gasification agent inlet channels 12 and the cooling channels 14 can be combined in various manners, for example, a plurality of gasification agent inlet channels 12 and a plurality of cooling channels 14 form a plurality of gasification agent-cooling channel groups, each gasification agent inlet channel 12 and one cooling channel 14 are coaxially arranged, and the outer wall surfaces of the cooling channels 14 are close to each other; or, a plurality of gasifying agent inlet channels 12 and a cooling channel 14 form a gasifying agent-cooling channel group, the gasifying agent inlet channels 12 are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel 14, and the central line of the gasifying agent inlet channel 12 is parallel to the central line of the cooling channel 14. In the present embodiment, the cooling passages 14 and the center cooling passage 22 are cooling jackets.

Preferably, the included angle delta between the connecting line of the midpoint a of the central gasification agent channel 22 and the intersection point e of the central line of the central gasification agent channel 22 and the central line of the gasification agent header 10 and the horizontal plane is 0-45 degrees. Through setting up the contained angle, be favorable to increasing central gasification agent passageway 22's intensity, simultaneously for gasification agent and the hot fuel in central gasification agent passageway 22 begin to react before getting into the gasifier, thereby further improve the temperature of the hot fuel that gets into the gasifier.

Preferably, the central gasifying agent passage 22 has an arch structure, which is advantageous for increasing the strength of the central gasifying agent passage 22, and particularly for reducing the collapse deformation of the gasifying agent passage under the high temperature condition of the gasification furnace.

Preferably, a plurality of central gasifying agent outlets 23 are arranged on the central gasifying agent passage 22.

Here, the inlet and outlet of the cooling channels 14 may be variously set, for example, by dividing the cooling channels 14 into inlet and outlet sides by a partition, or by using the cooling channels 14 as inlet ports communicating with separately provided cooling medium outlet channels, or by using the cooling channels 14 outside the two gasification agent inlet channels 12 communicating with each other through the central gasification agent passage 22 as a cooling medium inlet pipe and a cooling medium outlet pipe, respectively.

In this embodiment, the central cooling channels 20 surround the central gasification agent channel 22, and one cooling channel 14 is connected to each end of the central cooling channel 20, whereby the coolant enters through one cooling channel 14, flows through the central cooling channel 20, and then exits from the other cooling channel 14.

Example four:

fig. 10-12 are schematic diagrams of a fourth embodiment. The fourth example is substantially the same as the third example, except that: the number of the central gasifying agent channels 22 is 2, the central gasifying agent channels cross the hot fuel channels 11 in a cross way, and a plurality of central gasifying agent outlets 23 are arranged on each central gasifying agent channel 22, so that the mixing of the gasifying agent and the hot fuel is enhanced.

As can be seen from the second, third and fourth embodiments, the nozzle of the present invention may comprise an additional oxidant passage, which is arranged centrally in the hot fuel passage 11, coaxially to the hot fuel passage 11. Further, the nozzle may further include an additional cooling channel surrounding the additional gasifying agent channel; the additional cooling channel may include an additional cooling channel partition that is disposed in a gap between the additional cooling channel and the additional gasifying agent channel in a longitudinal direction of the additional gasifying agent channel, and has a length smaller than that of the additional cooling channel such that one side of the additional cooling channel partition serves as an inlet side of the cooling medium and the other side serves as an outlet side of the cooling medium.

Alternatively, the nozzle may include additional gasifying agent channels fluidly connecting two or more gasifying agent inlet channels, fluidly connecting gasifying agent inlet channels adjacent to one another, or fluidly connecting gasifying agent inlet channels opposite to one another. The nozzle can comprise an additional gasifying agent channel, and two ends of the additional gasifying agent channel are communicated with the gasifying agent header. The nozzle may also include an additional cooling passage surrounding the additional gasifying agent passage and in fluid communication with the cooling passage. Preferably, one of the two cooling channels, which are connected to each other via the additional cooling channel, serves as an inlet channel and the other serves as an outlet channel. Here, the additional gasifying agent passage may be one, or the additional gasifying agent passage may be plural, and the plural additional gasifying agent passages are distributed like an X shape, a cross shape, a meter shape, or the like; the additional cooling channel may be one, or the additional cooling channel may be plural, and the plural additional cooling channels are distributed like an X, a cross, or a zigzag.

Preferably, the additional gasifying agent channel and/or the additional cooling channel is/are of an arch-shaped structure; the additional gasifying agent channel comprises one or more gasifying agent outlets, the spraying direction of which is parallel to the centre line of the hot fuel channel 11.

Example five:

fig. 13-15 are schematic diagrams of a fifth embodiment. The fifth embodiment is substantially the same as the third embodiment except that the cooling passages 14 are in the form of cooling coils. The metal coil is spirally wound around the outer sides of the gasifying agent inlet channel 12, the gasifying agent header 10 and the central coolant channel 22.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor comprising a nozzle as described in any one of the preceding embodiments. Specifically, the reactor further comprises: the outlet end of the hot fuel channel of the nozzle and the outlet end of the gasifying agent outlet channel are respectively connected with the hearth; the outlet channel is communicated with the hearth and is used for sending a reaction product out of the hearth; the slag discharging port is used for discharging bottom slag produced by the reaction out of the hearth; and the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer is coated outside the hearth, and the outlet channel and the slag discharge port are embedded in the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer coated outside the hearth.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refractory insulating layer coated outside the furnace chamber is integrated with the refractory insulating material of the nozzle body of the nozzle, and the gasifying agent inlet passage, the gasifying agent header, the gasifying agent outlet passage and/or the hot fuel passage of the nozzle are embedded in the refractory insulating layer coated outside the furnace chamber.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reactor further comprises a quench medium channel in communication with the hearth for feeding quench medium into the hearth to cool the molten slag.

Example six:

the reactor comprises: the nozzle of any of the above embodiments; a hearth 24, the inlet of which is connected with the outlet end of the hot fuel channel 11 and the outlet end of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 of the nozzle; a gas outlet channel 25 communicated with the hearth 24 for sending the generated gas out of the hearth 24; a slag discharge port 26 communicated with the lower part of the hearth 24 and discharging bottom slag produced by the reaction out of the hearth 24; and the fireproof heat-insulating layer 15 is coated outside the hearth 24.

As shown in FIG. 16, the outlet end of the hot fuel passageway 11 communicates with the furnace 24; the outlet end of the gasifying agent outlet channel 13 is communicated with the hearth 24; the gas outlet channel 25 is communicated with the hearth 24; a slag discharge port 26 is arranged at the lower part of the hearth 24; the hearth 24 and the gas outlet channel 25 are both embedded in the fire-resistant insulating layer 15.

Wherein the reactor also comprises a chilling medium channel 27, and the chilling medium channel 27 is communicated with the hearth 24 and is used for sending chilling medium into the hearth 24 to cool slag.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the nozzle and the reactor provided by the invention can be used for conveying and reacting hot fuel and gasifying agent with the temperature of 800-.

(2) The nozzle provided by the invention can ensure that the hot fuel and the gasifying agent are reasonably organized to enter the gasification furnace, and simultaneously, the temperature loss of the hot fuel is minimized.

(3) The temperature of the hot fuel entering the reactor is higher than the ignition temperature, which is beneficial to the instant reaction of large particles with the gasifying agent, shortens the reaction time, improves the whole reaction performance, reduces the height of the reactor and saves the cost.

(4) The hot fuel channel and the gasifying agent channel of the reactor and the nozzle are all arranged in the refractory heat-insulating material, and the metal material of the nozzle is basically not contacted with the high-temperature area of the reactor, so that the service life of the nozzle can be greatly prolonged, and the operation cost is saved.

(5) The novel nozzle and the reactor provided by the invention are also suitable for conveying and reacting hot fuel and oxidant in the combustion process.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of applicability of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

List of reference numerals:

10 gasifying agent header

11 hot fuel channel

12 gasification agent inlet channel

13 gasification agent outlet channel

14 cooling channel

15 fireproof heat-insulating layer

17 circumferential gasifying agent inlet channel

18 center gasifying agent inlet channel

20 center cooling channel

21 center cooling channel partition

22 center gasifying agent channel

23 center gasifying agent outlet

24 hearth

25 gas outlet channel

26 slag discharge hole

27 chilled media channel

28 gasification agent-cooling channel group.

Claims (19)

1. A nozzle comprising a nozzle body, wherein the nozzle further comprises:

a fuel passage provided in the nozzle body, the fuel passage being used to send hot fuel into the gasification furnace;

a plurality of gasification agent inlet passages disposed in the nozzle body;

the gasification agent collecting box is arranged in the nozzle main body, is connected with the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels and is used for collecting the gasification agents from the plurality of gasification agent inlet channels; and

a plurality of gasifying agent outlet channels which are arranged in the nozzle main body and are respectively connected with the gasifying agent header,

wherein the nozzle body comprises a refractory insulating material and the gasifying agent inlet channel, gasifying agent header and gasifying agent outlet channel are each configured to be spaced from the fuel channel such that the refractory insulating material is disposed between the gasifying agent inlet channel, gasifying agent header and gasifying agent outlet channel and the fuel channel;

the nozzle also comprises a central gasifying agent channel which is used as an additional gasifying agent channel, the central gasifying agent channel is communicated with the gasifying agent header and transversely penetrates through the fuel channel, and a central gasifying agent outlet is arranged at the part of the central gasifying agent channel, which transversely penetrates through the fuel channel, and is communicated with the fuel channel.

2. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein said gasifying agent header is an annular channel.

3. The nozzle of claim 1 further comprising a cooling channel disposed in the nozzle body and surrounding the gasifying agent inlet channel, gasifying agent header and/or gasifying agent outlet channel.

4. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein said plurality of gasification agent inlet passages surround said fuel passage and said plurality of gasification agent outlet passages surround said fuel passage.

5. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein the number of gasification agent outlet passages is greater than or equal to the number of gasification agent inlet passages.

6. The nozzle of claim 4 wherein the centerlines of the plurality of gasification agent outlet passages intersect at a point and the point is located on the centerline of the fuel passage.

7. The nozzle of claim 3, wherein the cooling channel is a cooling coil spirally wound outside the gasifying agent inlet channel, the gasifying agent header or the gasifying agent outlet channel, or

The cooling channel is a cooling sleeve which is coaxial with the gasification agent inlet channel or the gasification agent outlet channel.

8. The nozzle of claim 7 wherein, when the cooling passage is a cooling jacket, the cooling passage includes a cooling passage partition disposed in a gap between the cooling passage and the gasification agent inlet passage or the gasification agent outlet passage in a longitudinal direction of the gasification agent inlet passage or the gasification agent outlet passage, and the cooling passage partition has a length smaller than that of the cooling passage such that one side of the cooling passage partition serves as an inlet side of the cooling medium and the other side serves as an outlet side of the cooling medium.

9. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein one gasifying agent inlet channel corresponds to two gasifying agent outlet channels, and the angle between the centerline of one of the two gasifying agent outlet channels and the centerline of the fuel channel is different from the angle between the centerline of the other gasifying agent outlet channel and the centerline of the fuel channel.

10. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein the centerline of the gasifying agent outlet passage is angled from 10 ° to 90 ° with respect to the centerline of the fuel passage.

11. The nozzle of claim 3 wherein a cooling passage surrounds the plurality of gasification agent inlet passages.

12. The nozzle of claim 11 wherein a plurality of gasification agent inlet channels and a cooling channel comprise a gasification agent-cooling channel stack, and wherein the nozzle comprises a plurality of gasification agent-cooling channel stacks.

13. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein said additional gasifying agent passage is one, or

The additional gasifying agent channels are multiple and distributed in an X shape, a cross shape or a meter shape.

14. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein said additional gasification agent passage is an arch.

15. The nozzle of claim 3 wherein the minimum thickness of refractory insulation between the cooling channels and the fuel channels outside the gasifying agent inlet channels is greater than or equal to the minimum thickness of refractory insulation between the cooling channels and the fuel channels outside the gasifying agent header.

16. The nozzle of claim 1 wherein the line connecting the midpoint of the centerline of the central gasification agent passage and the intersection of the centerline of the central gasification agent passage and the centerline of the gasification agent header forms an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° with the horizontal plane.

17. The nozzle of claim 16 wherein the central gasification agent passage is dome shaped.

18. A reactor, characterized in that it comprises a nozzle according to any one of claims 1-17.

19. The reactor of claim 18, further comprising:

the outlet ends of the fuel channel and the gasifying agent outlet channel of the nozzle are respectively connected with the hearth;

the outlet channel is communicated with the hearth and is used for sending a reaction product out of the hearth;

the slag discharging port is used for discharging bottom slag produced by the reaction out of the hearth; and

the fireproof heat preservation layer is coated outside the hearth, and the outlet channel and the slag discharge port are embedded in the fireproof heat preservation layer coated outside the hearth.

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