CN111283191A - Ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts - Google Patents

Ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111283191A
CN111283191A CN201911387074.4A CN201911387074A CN111283191A CN 111283191 A CN111283191 A CN 111283191A CN 201911387074 A CN201911387074 A CN 201911387074A CN 111283191 A CN111283191 A CN 111283191A
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ultrasonic
laser melting
selective laser
substrate
post
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CN201911387074.4A
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CN111283191B (en
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张峰
柏久阳
王国强
陈光强
戴维弟
胡伟叶
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Nanjing Chenguang Group Co Ltd
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Nanjing Chenguang Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts. By using the device and the method, the traditional heat treatment stress removing step and the influence caused by residual powder can be replaced, the substrate with the part is subjected to ultrasonic vibration before online cutting, the residual powder remained in the complex part is removed while the stress of the part is removed, and the influence of the residual powder on the part is reduced; the invention can improve the quality of the complex parts in the process of manufacturing the complex parts by selective laser and simultaneously accelerate the manufacturing speed of the selective laser melting parts.

Description

Ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts.
Background
Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing technology, and is a major breakthrough of modern manufacturing technology in recent years. Compared with the defects of large technical difficulty, large cutting amount, low material utilization rate, long period, high cost and the like of the traditional cutting, grinding and grinding processing technologies, the additive manufacturing has the following technical advantages: 1) the overall utilization rate of the material is high; 2) the manufacturing process is less, and the period is short; 3) manufacturing a complex structure part; 4) free design, regardless of manufacturing process and the like. Therefore, the additive manufacturing technology has good market prospect and wide application prospect in the manufacturing of aerospace and high-end equipment.
The selective laser melting technology is used as an important technology in additive manufacturing, metal powder is melted by laser emitted by a laser according to a program editing sequence, and a melting layer is solidified and continuously superposed to finally manufacture a molded part. In the actual production process, the powder is melted and solidified by adopting a heat source, so that certain stress exists in the part after the part is formed. At present, the internal stress of the part is eliminated by mainly adopting heat treatment or natural failure in the market. However, metal powder is very easily remained in parts with complex structures, if the parts are not cleaned in time, the powder is solidified into clusters in subsequent heat treatment, and during wire cutting, wire cutting liquid enters an inner cavity to enable the powder to be condensed in the parts, so that the quality of the parts is influenced, and the parts are scrapped. While the method of natural failure can eliminate the residual stress of the component, the method of natural failure has the disadvantages of limited reduction of the residual stress, low efficiency and long processing time.
At present, the powder removing mode aiming at the parts is mainly to reduce and remove printing residual powder through compressed air flow and blowing and sucking of a dust collector, but the powder is not easy to be removed from the parts due to the reasons of more inner cavities of complex structures, variable inner runner structures and the like, and the qualified rate of the parts is reduced. To the part that contains interior runner and inner chamber, can the powder can remain in interior runner and inner chamber after printing, because the restriction of air compression air current and industry dust catcher frock and blowpipe, and the interior runner diameter of part is less, the powder outlet of inner chamber is less, the air current forms the backward flow including runner and inner chamber easily, can not in time handle totally, the powder remains and influences the part quality in the part is inside, reduces the qualification rate of part, has improved manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic post-treatment device and method for a selected area laser melting complex part, which can partially remove the internal residual stress of the part after the selected area laser melting, effectively reduce the possibility of powder agglomeration and subsequent heat treatment agglomeration of the powder remaining in the part, and improve the quality and performance of the part.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an ultrasonic post-processing device for selective laser melting of complex parts comprises an ultrasonic generating device, an ultrasonic exciter, a substrate, an operating platform, a compressed air machine and a dust collector;
the selective laser melting part is arranged on a substrate, and the substrate is fixed on an operation table;
the ultrasonic exciters are more than four in number, are arranged at the bottom of the operating platform and are connected with the ultrasonic generating device; the ultrasonic generating device is used for converting the provided alternating current into a specified high-frequency alternating current signal; compressed air machines and vacuum cleaners are used to blow and suck powders.
An ultrasonic post-processing method for selective laser melting of complex parts comprises the following steps:
step 1, forming a selective laser melting part on a substrate by a selective laser melting method, and fixing the selective laser melting part on an operation table through a tool clamp after printing is finished;
step 2, installing an ultrasonic exciter at the bottom of an operation table, connecting the ultrasonic exciter to an ultrasonic generating device through a lead, turning on the ultrasonic generating device, vibrating a substrate with parts by utilizing ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes;
step 3, blowing and sucking the dropped powder by using a compressed air machine and a dust collector;
and 4, blowing compressed air into the compressed air machine aiming at an air inlet of the part, placing the industrial cotton ball at a powder outlet, taking the cotton ball under a metallographic microscope to observe whether metal powder particles are adhered to the cotton ball after a period of time, and repeating the step 2 and the step 3 if so until no metal powder particles are observed under the metallographic microscope.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can remove the residual stress and powder of the parts with complex structures by selective laser melting, particularly the parts comprising the inner flow channel and the inner cavity, and the powder is removed after the selective laser melting, thereby avoiding the phenomena of powder agglomeration, caking and the like in the subsequent heat treatment processing process, ensuring the quality of the parts and improving the printing qualification rate of the parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an ultrasonic post-processing device for selective laser melting of complex parts.
Detailed Description
The ultrasonic vibration is a mode of eliminating internal residual stress by adopting high-frequency vibration to enable the sum of the internal channeling stress of the component and the excitation stress of ultrasonic frequency of the component to be larger than the yield strength of the component so as to deform the component. The invention provides a method for removing partial stress in a part by using ultrasonic vibration instead of a heat treatment or rolling mode. Not only can avoid the residual powder from agglomerating in the parts, but also can avoid the limitation of stress removal by rolling. Adopt ultrasonic vibration can remove out with inside powder in step when destressing, can further clear up the inside powder of part at cooperation air compression air current and dust catcher pressure-vaccum powder, improve the part quality.
After the selective laser melting is carried out, the part is formed and is provided with a support and a base plate. Placing an industrial cotton ball at a powder outlet of the part, blowing the industrial cotton ball from the inner flow channel or the other powder outlet by utilizing compressed gas, placing the industrial cotton ball under a metallographic microscope for observation after a period of time, judging whether residual powder exists or not, and repeating the operation if the residual powder exists until the clean powder is removed.
As shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic post-processing device for selective laser melting of complex parts comprises an ultrasonic generating device 1, an ultrasonic exciter 2, a substrate 4 for selective laser melting, an operating platform 5, a compressed air machine 6 and a dust collector 7;
the printed selective laser melting part 3 is arranged on a selective laser melting substrate 4, and the selective laser melting substrate 4 is fixed on an operation table 5;
the ultrasonic exciters 2 are arranged at the bottom of the operating platform 5 and connected with the ultrasonic generating device 1; the ultrasonic generating device 1 is used for converting supplied alternating current into a specified high-frequency alternating current signal and converting the alternating current signal into longitudinal mechanical vibration through conversion; the compressed air machine 6 and the vacuum cleaner 7 are used for blowing and sucking the powder.
The rated voltage of the ultrasonic generating device 1 is 220V, the single-path output power is 200W, the using frequency range is 5.0-40KHz, the single regulation and control time is 20-120min, the minimum regulation and control area of one ultrasonic exciter is 20 x 20mm, the single regulation and control residual stress change rate is more than or equal to 20%, and the effective regulation and control depth of the residual stress is more than or equal to 30 mm.
Four (2) ultrasonic exciters are arranged right below the four corners of the substrate, and if the size of the substrate is larger than a threshold value, two ultrasonic exciters (2) are arranged right below the substrate except the four corners; namely: the number of the ultrasonic exciters 2 is selected to be turned on according to the sizes of the parts and the substrate, when the size of the substrate 4 is 250mm × 250mm, four ultrasonic exciters 2 are installed under the basic four corners, and if the size of the substrate is increased, two ultrasonic exciters 2 are installed under the substrate except the four corners.
After the ultrasonic exciter 2 is turned on to perform ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes, the compressed air machine 6 is turned on, powder is blown at the air inlet, and meanwhile, the industrial dust collector 7 is used for sucking the powder at the air outlet.
And after 5 minutes of blowing and sucking the powder by the compressed air machine 6 and the dust collector 7, placing the industrial cotton ball at a powder outlet, after a period of time, taking the cotton ball under a metallographic microscope to observe whether metal powder particles are adhered to the cotton ball, if not, judging that the powder is completely removed, and if so, continuing to use ultrasonic vibration and blowing and sucking the powder until the powder is completely removed.
The selective laser melting substrate 4 is fixed to the operation table 5 by bolts.
The operation table 5 is a steel base material, the size of the operation table 5 is larger than that of the base plate 4, and a threaded hole is formed below the operation table and used for assembling the exciter.
An ultrasonic post-treatment method of an ultrasonic post-treatment device based on selective laser melting of complex parts comprises the following steps:
step 1, forming a selective laser melting part 3 on a substrate 4 by a selective laser melting method, and fixing the selective laser melting part 3 on an operation table 5 through a tool clamp after printing is finished;
step 2, installing an ultrasonic exciter 2 at the bottom of an operating platform 5, connecting the ultrasonic exciter to an ultrasonic generating device 1 through a lead, turning on the ultrasonic generating device 1, vibrating a substrate 4 with a part 3 by using ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes;
step 3, blowing and sucking the dropped powder by using a compressed air machine 6 and a dust collector 7;
and 4, blowing compressed air into the compressed air machine 6 aiming at an air inlet of the part 3, placing the industrial cotton ball at a powder outlet, taking the cotton ball under a metallographic microscope to observe whether metal powder particles are adhered to the cotton ball after a period of time, and repeating the step 2 and the step 3 if so until no metal powder particles are observed under the metallographic microscope.

Claims (9)

1. An ultrasonic post-processing device for selective laser melting of complex parts is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic generating device (1), an ultrasonic exciter (2), a substrate (4), an operating platform (5), a compressed air machine (6) and a dust collector (7);
the selective laser melting part (3) is arranged on the substrate (4), and the substrate (4) is fixed on the operating platform (5);
the number of the ultrasonic exciters (2) is more than four, the ultrasonic exciters are arranged at the bottom of the operating platform (5) and are connected with the ultrasonic generating device (1); the ultrasonic generating device (1) is used for converting alternating current into a specified high-frequency alternating current signal; the compressed air machine (6) and the dust collector (7) are used for blowing and sucking the powder.
2. The ultrasonic post-processing device for the selected-area laser melting of the complex part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rated voltage of the ultrasonic generating device (1) is 220V, the single-path output power is 200W, the use frequency range is 5.0-40KHz, and the single regulation time is 20-120 min.
3. The ultrasonic post-processing device for the selective laser melting of the complex part according to claim 1, wherein four (2) ultrasonic actuators are installed right below four corners of the substrate, and if the size of the substrate is larger than a threshold value, two ultrasonic actuators (2) are installed right below the substrate except the four corners.
4. The ultrasonic post-treatment device for the selected area laser melting of the complex part according to the claim 1 is characterized in that after the ultrasonic exciter (2) is turned on to carry out ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes, powder is blown at the air inlet through the compressed air machine (6) while powder is sucked at the air outlet through the dust collector (7).
5. The ultrasonic post-processing device for selective laser melting of complex parts according to claim 1, wherein the substrate (4) for selective laser melting is fixed on the operation table (5) by bolts.
6. The ultrasonic post-treatment device for selective laser melting of complex parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating table (5) is a steel substrate.
7. The ultrasonic post-treatment device for selective laser melting of complex parts according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the size of the operation table (5) is larger than the size of the substrate (4).
8. An ultrasonic post-treatment method based on the ultrasonic post-treatment device for the selective laser melting of the complex part as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, forming a selective laser melting part (3) on a substrate (4) by a selective laser melting method, and fixing the selective laser melting part (3) on an operation table (5) through a tool clamp after printing is finished;
step 2, installing an ultrasonic exciter (2) at the bottom of an operating platform (5), connecting the ultrasonic exciter to an ultrasonic generating device (1) through a lead, turning on the ultrasonic generating device (1), vibrating a substrate (4) with a part (3) by utilizing ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes;
step 3, blowing and sucking the dropped powder by using a compressed air machine (6) and a dust collector (7);
and 4, blowing compressed air into the compressed air machine (6) aiming at an air inlet of the part (3), placing the industrial cotton ball at a powder outlet, taking the cotton ball under a metallographic microscope to observe whether metal powder particles are adhered to the cotton ball after a period of time, and repeating the step 2 and the step 3 if so until no metal powder particles are observed under the metallographic microscope.
9. The ultrasonic post-treatment method according to claim 8, wherein the period of time in step 4 is 5 minutes.
CN201911387074.4A 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 Ultrasonic post-processing device and method for selective laser melting of complex parts Active CN111283191B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114211006A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-03-22 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Method and device for cleaning residual powder in inner hole of metal 3D printing part
EP4015114A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Powder removal from a printed workpiece
EP4272880A1 (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-08 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Stress relieving for continuous flow engine components

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3199269A1 (en) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-02 United Technologies Corporation Additive manufactured conglomerated powder removal from internal passages with co-built ultrasonic horns
CN107399077A (en) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-28 浙江大学 Towards the ultrasonic destressing device of fused glass pellet 3D printing
CN107498055A (en) * 2017-10-23 2017-12-22 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 A kind of powder cleaning equipment for selective laser fusing part
CN110496964A (en) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-26 北京星航机电装备有限公司 A kind of selective laser fusing forming product cavity shakes clear powder and inner surface finishing equipment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3199269A1 (en) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-02 United Technologies Corporation Additive manufactured conglomerated powder removal from internal passages with co-built ultrasonic horns
CN107399077A (en) * 2017-07-11 2017-11-28 浙江大学 Towards the ultrasonic destressing device of fused glass pellet 3D printing
CN107498055A (en) * 2017-10-23 2017-12-22 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 A kind of powder cleaning equipment for selective laser fusing part
CN110496964A (en) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-26 北京星航机电装备有限公司 A kind of selective laser fusing forming product cavity shakes clear powder and inner surface finishing equipment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4015114A1 (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-22 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Powder removal from a printed workpiece
US12011879B2 (en) 2020-12-21 2024-06-18 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Powder removal from a printed workpiece
CN114211006A (en) * 2022-02-18 2022-03-22 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Method and device for cleaning residual powder in inner hole of metal 3D printing part
EP4272880A1 (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-08 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Stress relieving for continuous flow engine components
WO2023213727A1 (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Stress relieving for continuous flow engine components

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