CN111282708B - Method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite - Google Patents

Method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite Download PDF

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CN111282708B
CN111282708B CN202010093100.9A CN202010093100A CN111282708B CN 111282708 B CN111282708 B CN 111282708B CN 202010093100 A CN202010093100 A CN 202010093100A CN 111282708 B CN111282708 B CN 111282708B
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concentrate
desulfurization
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张建强
马俊伟
吴国亮
郭鑫
田应忠
刘中原
张站云
姚杰
杜五星
魏兆斌
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Aluminum Corp of China Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for graded desulfurization, decarbonization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite, which comprises the steps of crushing the acidified high-sulfur bauxite, then washing and grading, carrying out flotation, synchronous desulfurization and decarbonization on fine-grained minerals under a natural pH value after grading, reselecting sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarbonization, wherein a heavy product is high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate, a light product is fine-grained sulfur tailings, pH value adjustment is carried out on the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarbonization, and then positive flotation and desilication are carried out to obtain high-grade desiliconized concentrate and desiliconized tailings; after the classified coarse-grained minerals are ground, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under the alkaline condition, sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is reselected, the obtained heavy product and high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailing, and aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate. The invention reduces the impurity content of carbon and sulfur in the ore, improves the A/S of the ore and obtains high-quality sulfur concentrate.

Description

Method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of treatment methods of acidified high-sulfur bauxite, and particularly relates to a method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite.
Background
If the high-sulfur bauxite cannot enter the production flow in time after being mined, the sulfur in the high-sulfur bauxite is gradually oxidized due to the action of oxygen and water in the air in the stacking process, and acid substances are formed on the surface of the bauxite. Due to ore acidification, when an acid flotation system is adopted, equipment is seriously corroded, and the corrosion prevention cost of the equipment is high; when an alkaline flotation system is adopted, the ore pulp pH regulator has large using amount and high production cost.
Along with the increase of the burying depth of the high-sulfur bauxite, the content of organic carbon in the bauxite is increased, and the existence of the organic carbon causes large medicament consumption in the flotation desulfurization process, and the sulfur grade in the flotation sulfur concentrate is low, so that the sale grade is difficult to achieve.
At present, the industrial application of high-sulfur bauxite is relatively small, the A/S of the high-sulfur bauxite ore entering the production process is generally more than 6.0, the high A/S ore is less and less along with the maturity and industrial popularization of a flotation desulfurization technology, but the medium-low grade high-sulfur bauxite with the A/S less than 6.0 is difficult to meet the production requirement of alumina only through flotation desulfurization. With the reduction of the grade of the ore, the content of fine-grained minerals in the high-sulfur bauxite is increased, the fine-grained minerals are easy to over-grind in the ore grinding process, and the fine particles after over-grinding cover the surface of the ore, so that the ore flotation is seriously influenced, the content of the fine-grained minerals is increased, and the increase of the dosage of a flotation reagent and the increase of the production cost are caused.
Chinese patent CN1868599A "a method for flotation, desulfurization and desilication of bauxite" provides a method for flotation, desulfurization and desilication of high-sulfur bauxite. The method is characterized in that a reverse flotation desulfurization process and a forward flotation desilication process are sequentially adopted, the reverse flotation desulfurization is carried out on the sulfur-containing middle-low grade bauxite after the first stage of grinding, and the forward flotation desilication is carried out after the second stage of grinding. The patent realizes the step desulfurization and desilicication of the high-sulfur bauxite, but the patent is difficult to solve the influence of fine particles of the low-grade high-sulfur bauxite on the flotation process, and the existence of the fine particles causes the sulfur content in the sulfur concentrate to be difficult to improve to more than 38 percent, so that the comprehensive utilization of resources of the sulfur concentrate can not be realized.
Chinese patent CN1562494A "flotation method for desulfurization and desilication of diasporic bauxite" provides a method for fractional desulfurization and desilication of diasporic bauxite. The patent is characterized in that diaspore type bauxite is simultaneously desulfurized and desilicated by a reverse flotation desulfurization process and a direct flotation desilication process in sequence, firstly, the reverse flotation process is adopted for desulfurization, and then the direct flotation process is adopted for desilication. However, the patent is difficult to eliminate the influence of ore acidification on flotation indexes and flotation cost, and organic carbon in the ore is not treated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for the graded desulfurization, decarbonization and desilication of the acidified high-sulfur bauxite, which can not only reduce the sulfur content in the high-sulfur bauxite and improve the A/S of the aluminum concentrate, but also reduce the carbon content in the aluminum concentrate, produce high-quality sulfur concentrate while providing qualified production raw materials for alumina enterprises, obviously reduce the flotation desulfurization cost and realize the comprehensive utilization of low-grade and medium-grade high-sulfur bauxite resources in China.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
Firstly crushing the acidified high-sulfur bauxite, washing and grading the crushed ore, performing flotation, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization on fine-grained minerals after grading under a natural pH value condition, performing gravity separation on the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization, wherein a heavy product is high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate, a light product is fine-grained sulfur tailing, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is firstly subjected to pH value adjustment, and the adjusted ore pulp is subjected to direct flotation and desiliconization to obtain high-grade desiliconized concentrate and desiliconized tailing; after the classified coarse-grained minerals are ground, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under alkaline conditions, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation, the obtained heavy product and high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailing, and the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate.
According to the difference of the coarse and fine particle grades A/S in the acidified high-sulfur bauxite and the difference of water washing grading equipment, the water washing grading particle size range is 0.021mm-0.15 mm.
The water washing and grading equipment in the invention is one or a combination of a vibrating screen, a swirler and a spiral classifier. The gravity separation equipment is one of a shaking table, a hydraulic classifier and a cyclone.
The pH regulator in the invention is CaO, Ca (OH)2One kind of (1).
The method has the beneficial technical effects that aiming at the problems that the flotation index of the low-medium-grade acidified high-sulfur bauxite is poor, the sulfur concentrate is difficult to meet the market sales requirement, the ore quality after flotation and desulfurization is low and the like only through a flotation desulfurization process in the prior art, the method divides the ore into two size fractions with different A/S thicknesses through water washing and classification according to the characteristics of high A/S coarse fraction and low A/S fine fraction of the high-sulfur bauxite. The coarse fraction can effectively reduce the sulfur content and the carbon content in the coarse-grained aluminum concentrate through synchronous flotation, desulfurization and decarburization, and gravity separation is carried out according to the specific gravity difference between the sulfur mineral and the carbon mineral in the desulfurization and decarburization foam to obtain the high-quality coarse-grained sulfur concentrate. Fine fraction is subjected to synchronous flotation, desulfurization and decarburization firstly, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation according to the specific gravity difference between sulfur mineral and carbon mineral to obtain high-quality fine-fraction sulfur concentrate, and the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization adopts CaO or Ca (OH) with lower price2And (4) carrying out pH adjustment, and carrying out flotation and desilicication on the adjusted ore pulp to improve the A/S of fine-grained minerals, thereby improving the whole A/S of the aluminum concentrate. The technology provides a low-cost treatment process for regions with more rainwater and severe acidification of the high-sulfur bauxite ore in China, not only reduces the impurity content of carbon and sulfur in the ore, but also improves the A/S of the ore, obtains high-quality sulfur concentrate with sales value through gravity separation, and has remarkable economic and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite comprises the steps of firstly crushing the acidified high-sulfur bauxite, washing and grading the crushed ore with water, carrying out flotation, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization on fine-grained minerals under a natural pH value condition after grading, carrying out gravity separation on the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization, wherein a heavy product is high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate, a light product is fine-grained sulfur tailings, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is firstly subjected to pH value adjustment, and the adjusted ore pulp is subjected to positive flotation and desilication to obtain high-grade desilicated concentrate and desilicated tailings; after the classified coarse-grained minerals are ground, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under alkaline conditions, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation, the obtained heavy product and high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailing, and the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The sulfur content of the raw ore of the acidified high-sulfur bauxite in Henan is 1.50 percent, the carbon content is 0.82 percent, and Al2O361.52% of SiO2The content is 10.62%, the A/S is 5.79, the raw ore is crushed to-5 mm and then is washed and classified by a cyclone, the washing and classifying granularity is 0.021mm, the fine-grained mineral with the yield of 20.20% after classification is subjected to flotation synchronous desulfurization and decarburization under the condition that the natural pH value is 6.2, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by a hydraulic classifier, the heavy product is fine-grained sulfur concentrate, the light product is fine-grained sulfur tailing, the pH value of ore pulp of the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is firstly adjusted to 9.5 by CaO, and then positive flotation desilicication is carried out to obtain high-grade desilicication concentrate with the A/S of 8.26 and desilicication tailing with the A/S of 1.18; after coarse-grained minerals with the yield of 79.80% after classification are ground, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under the alkaline condition of the pH value of 9.0, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by using a shaking table, the obtained heavy product and high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate, the sulfur content is 40.54%, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur tailings are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailings, the carbon content is 16.80%, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate, and the A/S is 6.90. Specific indices are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 index of fractional desulfurization, decarbonization and desilication of a certain acidified high-sulfur bauxite in Henan
Figure BDA0002384382400000051
As can be seen from Table 1, after the classified flotation, desulfurization, decarburization and desilication are carried out on a certain acidified middle-low grade high-sulfur bauxite in Henan, the sulfur content of the obtained comprehensive aluminum concentrate is 0.24%, the carbon content is 0.46%, the A/S is improved by 1.11 compared with that of the raw ore, and the recovery rate of alumina is 95.43%; the sulfur content of the comprehensive sulfur concentrate is 40.54 percent, and the comprehensive sulfur concentrate can be sold to the outside; the carbon content of the comprehensive sulfur tailings is enriched to 16.80%, and the A/S of the desiliconized tailings is reduced to 1.18.
Example 2
Chongqing acidified high-sulfur bauxite contains raw ore 5.80% of sulfur, 1.32% of carbon and Al2O357.56% of SiO2The content of the fine-grained sulfur concentrate is 11.64 percent, the A/S is 4.95, the raw ore is crushed to-5 mm and then is subjected to water washing classification by using a cyclone, the water washing classification granularity is 0.074mm, the fine-grained mineral with the yield of 29.97 percent after classification is subjected to flotation synchronous desulfurization and decarburization under the condition that the natural pH value is 6.0, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by using a hydraulic classifier, the heavy product is fine-grained sulfur concentrate, the light product is fine-grained sulfur tailing, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is firstly subjected to Ca (OH)2Adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 9.2, and then carrying out direct flotation desiliconization to obtain high-grade desiliconized concentrate with A/S of 7.25 and desiliconized tailings with A/S of 1.12; after coarse-grained minerals with the yield of 70.03% are classified, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under the alkaline condition of the pH value of 8.5, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by using a shaking table, the obtained heavy product and the high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate with the sulfur content of 41.63%, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur tailings are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailings with the carbon content of 14.71%, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate, and the A/S is 6.37. The specific index is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Chongqing index of graded desulfurization, decarbonization and desilication of certain acidified high-sulfur bauxite
Figure BDA0002384382400000061
As can be seen from Table 2, after fractional flotation, desulfurization, decarburization and desilication are carried out on a certain acidified middle-low-grade high-sulfur bauxite in Chongqing, the sulfur content of the obtained comprehensive aluminum concentrate is 0.28%, the carbon content is 0.46%, the A/S is improved by 1.42% compared with that of the original ore, and the recovery rate of alumina is 84.07%; the sulfur content of the comprehensive sulfur concentrate is 41.63%, and the comprehensive sulfur concentrate can be sold to the outside; the carbon content of the comprehensive sulfur tailings is enriched to 14.71%, and the A/S of the desiliconized tailings is reduced to 1.12.
Example 3
The sulfur content of the raw ore of the acidified high-sulfur bauxite in Guizhou is 8.81 percent, the carbon content is 1.47 percent, and Al2O3Content of 54.87% SiO2The content of the sulfur-containing fine-grained ore is 12.25 percent, the A/S is 4.48, the raw ore is crushed to-5 mm and then is washed and classified by a vibrating screen, the washing and classifying granularity is 0.15mm, the classified fine-grained mineral with the yield of 38.52 percent is subjected to flotation and synchronous desulfurization and decarburization under the condition that the natural pH value is 5.5, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by a cyclone, the heavy product is fine-grained sulfur concentrate, the light product is fine-grained sulfur tailing, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization adopts Ca (OH)2Adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 9.0, and then carrying out direct flotation desiliconization to obtain high-grade desiliconized concentrate with A/S of 6.73 and desiliconized tailings with A/S of 1.14; after coarse-grained minerals with the yield of 61.48% are classified, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under the alkaline condition of the pH value of 8.0, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation by using a shaking table, the obtained heavy product and the high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate with the sulfur content of 42.22%, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur tailings are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailings with the carbon content of 11.99%, the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate, and the A/S is 6.32. Specific indices are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 index of desulfurization, decarburization and desilication in grades for a certain acidified high-sulfur bauxite in Guizhou
Figure BDA0002384382400000071
As can be seen from Table 3, after the classified flotation, desulfurization, decarburization and desilication are carried out on a certain acidified middle-low-grade high-sulfur bauxite in Guizhou, the sulfur content of the obtained comprehensive aluminum concentrate is 0.32%, the carbon content is 0.48%, the A/S ratio is improved by 1.84% compared with that of the raw ore, and the recovery rate of alumina is 74.72%; the sulfur content of the comprehensive sulfur concentrate is 42.22%, and the comprehensive sulfur concentrate can be sold to the outside; the carbon content of the comprehensive sulfur tailings is enriched to 11.99 percent, and the A/S of the desiliconized tailings is reduced to 1.14.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for graded desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high-sulfur bauxite is characterized in that firstly, the acidified high-sulfur bauxite is crushed, the crushed ore is washed and graded, the graded fine-grained minerals are subjected to flotation synchronous desulfurization and decarburization under the condition of natural pH value, the desulfurized and decarbonized sulfur concentrates are subjected to gravity separation, the heavy products are high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrates, the light products are fine-grained sulfur tailings, the desulfurized and decarbonized aluminum concentrates are subjected to pH value adjustment firstly, and the adjusted ore pulp is subjected to positive flotation desilication to obtain high-grade desilicated concentrates and desilicated tailings; after the classified coarse-grained minerals are ground, synchronous desulfurization and decarburization are carried out under alkaline conditions, the sulfur concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization is subjected to gravity separation, the obtained heavy product and high-quality fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur concentrate, the obtained light product and the fine-grained sulfur concentrate are combined into comprehensive sulfur tailing, and the aluminum concentrate after desulfurization and decarburization and the high-grade desiliconized concentrate are combined into comprehensive aluminum concentrate.
2. The method for fractional desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high sulfur bauxite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water washing classification particle size is in the range of 0.021mm to 0.15 mm.
3. The method for fractional desulfurization, decarburization and desilication of acidified high sulfur bauxite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water washing classification equipment is one or more of a combination of vibrating screen, cyclone and spiral classifier.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gravity separation device is one of a shaker, a hydraulic classifier, and a cyclone.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH modifier is CaO, Ca (OH)2One kind of (1).
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IT1136198B (en) * 1980-10-07 1986-08-27 Reynolds Metals Co Upgrading aluminium ores
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CN104174484A (en) * 2014-07-14 2014-12-03 高旭 Desiliconization processing method for bauxite flotation tailings
CN105233991A (en) * 2015-09-17 2016-01-13 中国铝业股份有限公司 Method for synchronously removing sulfur and organic matter of bauxite through reverse flotation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB563045A (en) * 1941-10-21 1944-07-27 American Cyanamid Co Improvements in bauxite beneficiation
IT1136198B (en) * 1980-10-07 1986-08-27 Reynolds Metals Co Upgrading aluminium ores
CN1403205A (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-19 北京矿冶研究总院 Bauxite dressing method
CN1869258A (en) * 2006-07-06 2006-11-29 中国铝业股份有限公司 Parallel floatation process of desilionization for bauxite
CN104174484A (en) * 2014-07-14 2014-12-03 高旭 Desiliconization processing method for bauxite flotation tailings
CN105233991A (en) * 2015-09-17 2016-01-13 中国铝业股份有限公司 Method for synchronously removing sulfur and organic matter of bauxite through reverse flotation

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