CN111280250B - Method for facilitating grain storage - Google Patents
Method for facilitating grain storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280250B CN111280250B CN202010071565.4A CN202010071565A CN111280250B CN 111280250 B CN111280250 B CN 111280250B CN 202010071565 A CN202010071565 A CN 202010071565A CN 111280250 B CN111280250 B CN 111280250B
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- seeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/06—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for facilitating grain storage, which uses helium gas normal pressure room temperature plasma to treat corn seeds in a dry state for 5-120min, so that the germination rate and germination potential of the corn seeds are reduced, the effects of respiration and the like of the corn seeds can be reduced, the corn storage condition is simplified, and the corn storage performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a method for facilitating grain storage, and in particular relates to a method for improving grain storage performance by reducing germination rate through irradiating dry grain seeds with normal-pressure room-temperature plasma.
Background
Factors affecting the safe storage of grain: during storage, the grains remain physiologically active organisms and are subjected to various environmental conditions (including physical, chemical and biological conditions), and these internal and external factors are closely related to the safe storage of grains.
Respiration of foodstuffs is a complex biochemical process carried out in living cells. Respiration under the aerobic condition causes substances such as sugar and the like to be decomposed into simple compounds under the action of enzyme, finally carbon dioxide and water are discharged, and certain heat energy is released; under anaerobic conditions, the carbohydrate is glycolyzed to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, and also releases a small amount of heat. The more the respiration of grains is vigorous, the more the dry matter loss and the nutrient components are decomposed, the heat and the moisture released heat the grain pile, the humidity is increased, the respiration is further promoted to be enhanced, and meanwhile, proper conditions are provided for the microbial activity, so that the grains are mildewed and rotten.
Corn is an important feed and grain crop in China, the planting area and the total yield of the corn are the first in China, and the guarantee is provided for the grain safety and agricultural product supply in China.
ARTP is an acronym for atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma (Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma) capable of generating a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure at a temperature between 25-40 ℃ with a high concentration of reactive particles (including helium atoms, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, OH radicals, etc. in an excited state).
ARTP has attracted increasing attention in the fields of microbial breeding and biomedical science in recent years, and has become a current, rather active, interdisciplinary research field. In addition, it has been found that plasma can undergo complex and controllable biochemical processes, such as catalysis, diagnosis, excitation reactions, etc., with biological tissues or cells. The chemical properties of the plasma can also be used in biomedical applications by treating the surface of the material to alter the material properties. Plasma surface treatment is increasingly used for its excellent properties such as high purity, sterility, and surface diversity.
However, no application or research report of ARTP to the storage of grains, particularly corn grains, has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
Through a great deal of experiments, the inventor of the invention discovers that when the corn grain seeds are properly treated by the plasma at the room temperature under the normal pressure, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the corn grain seeds can be reduced, so that the treated corn seeds are less prone to germinate, and the storage of the corn seeds can be facilitated. The normal pressure room temperature plasma is used for storing seeds such as corn, so that the germination rate is reduced, and the dry matter loss caused by seed respiration is reduced.
More specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for facilitating grain storage, the method comprising: and treating the grain seeds in a dry state by using normal-pressure room-temperature plasma.
In some embodiments, the grain seed is treated with the atmospheric room temperature plasma in a dry state prior to or during storage of the grain seed.
The moisture content of the grain in the dried state in the present invention is preferably 14 to 17%.
In some embodiments, the cereal grain is Chang 7-2, new DH or PH4CV corn seeds.
In some embodiments, the grain kernels are treated with the atmospheric room temperature plasma for 5-120 minutes (e.g., 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, 110 minutes).
In some embodiments, the grain kernel is treated with the atmospheric room temperature plasma for 30-90 minutes; preferably 60-90min.
In some embodiments, the embryo of the grain kernel is subjected to the treatment towards an atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma.
In some embodiments, the distance between the plasma emission source of the normal pressure room temperature plasma generating device and the grain seeds is 2-5mm.
In some embodiments, the working gas of the generating device of the normal pressure room temperature plasma is helium.
In some embodiments, the helium gas has a purity of 95-99.99% (e.g., 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%).
In some embodiments, the helium gas has a purity of 99.99%.
In some embodiments, the operating temperature of the atmospheric room temperature plasma generating device is 20-30deg.C (e.g., 22deg.C, 24deg.C, 26deg.C, 28deg.C).
In some embodiments, the power of the power supply of the generating device of the normal pressure room temperature plasma is 240-400W (e.g., 250W, 280W, 310W, 340W, 390W).
In some embodiments, the operating gas flow rate of the atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma generating device is 10-20L/min (e.g., 11L/min, 13L/min, 15L/min, 17L/min, 19L/min).
In a second aspect the invention provides the use of a method according to the first aspect of the invention in grain seed storage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: (1) The normal pressure room temperature plasma jet technology adopted by the invention ensures that the temperature of the plasma jet is less than or equal to 40 ℃, active particles are uniformly distributed, and the method is harmless to human bodies and environment-friendly; (2) No chemical component residue exists after the grain is processed by the normal pressure room temperature plasma; (3) Effectively reduces the germination rate of grain seeds, simplifies the storage conditions of the grain, reduces the respiration effect of the grain and prolongs the preservation time of the grain seeds (grains).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the change in seed germination at different ARTP treatment times in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a bar graph showing the change in germination rate of seeds at different ARTP treatment times in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the change in germination vigor of seeds under various treatment conditions in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing the change in germination rate of seeds under different treatment conditions in example 3.
In FIGS. 3-4, G-CK: the dry seeds were not subjected to ARTP treatment; G-CL1: carrying out ARTP treatment on the dry seeds for 15min; G-CL2: carrying out ARTP treatment on the dry seeds for 30min; J-CK: no ARTP treatment is carried out after the dry seeds are soaked for 12 hours; J-CL1: carrying out ARTP treatment for 15min after soaking the dry seeds for 12 h; J-CL2: the dry seeds were immersed for 12 hours and then subjected to ARTP treatment for 30 minutes.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Instrument:
the ARTP generating device, namely the normal pressure low temperature plasma generating device, is the normal pressure low temperature plasma generating device produced by Luoyang Hua Qingtian wood biotechnology Co. The model is as follows: ARTP-P.
The maize seed varieties used in the examples below were all commercially available, and Chang 7-2, new DH and PH4CV were derived from: the Qingdao city is mainly a center of agricultural germplasm resources.
Example 1: ARTP treatment test of Chang 7-2 maize variety
(1) And (3) selecting 750 seeds of Chang 7-2 corn with full and complete seeds and 15-17% of water content, and equally dividing the seeds into 15 parts of 50 seeds each.
(2) ARTP treatment. The 15 parts of dry seeds are treated by using an ARTP generating device, corn seeds are orderly placed in a carrying disc of the plant type ARTP generating device, which is suitable for large plant seeds, preferably, each seed is ensured to be embryo-upward, the ARTP treatment efficiency is improved, 99.99% helium is used as working gas, the working pressure is the ambient atmospheric pressure, the working temperature is 30 ℃, the power supply is 400W, the flow rate of working gas is 15L/min, the distance between a plasma emission source and the corn seeds is 2-5mm, the treatment time is divided into five levels of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120min, and each treatment is repeated three times.
(3) The seed of Chang 7-2 corn treated by ARTP was germinated in a paper (wet filter paper, another paper cover) in an incubator for seven days in a dark environment at 28deg.C by reference to the test method for germination of corn seed of the International seed test procedure 1996. Distilled water is sprayed for 4 times every day, and the humidity of the incubator is kept above 75%. The number of germinated seeds was recorded daily.
Germination vigor (%) = number of germinated seeds for 4 days of germination x 100/number of tested seeds.
Germination percentage (%) of seeds=number of germinated seeds for 7 days of germination×100/number of test seeds.
Test results:
the change in seed germination vigor at various ARTP treatment times is shown in fig. 1 and described as an average of three replicates. The change in seed germination rate at different ARTP treatment times is shown in fig. 2, and the results of each treatment are reported as the average of three replicates.
Statistical analysis of seed germination rate is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical analysis Table of seed germination percentage
| Source of variation | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | Mean square | F value | p value |
| Between blocks | 0.0975 | 2 | 0.0487 | 3.765 | 0.0704 |
| Processing room | 0.2588 | 4 | 0.0647 | 4.998 | 0.0257 |
| Error of | 0.1036 | 8 | 0.0129 | ||
| Total variation | 0.4599 | 14 |
As can be seen from table 1, there are significant differences in germination vigor and germination rate for corn seeds treated with different ARTP doses. As can be seen from table 1, the inter-granule difference was not significant, i.e. the three replicates per treatment were not significant, as p=0.0704 >0.05, whereas the inter-treatment p=0.0257 <0.05, so the inter-treatment difference was significant, i.e. there was a significant difference between the different ARTP doses.
As is apparent from fig. 1 to 2, with the increase of the dose of ARTP, the germination vigor and germination rate of the corn seeds are decreased and then increased, and the germination rate is significantly lowest in the treatment time range of 60 to 90min, especially 90min, so that it is clear that the germination rate of the seeds is decreased after the treatment of ARTP, the seeds are less likely to germinate during storage, and the storage time is longer.
Example 2
To further investigate the change in germination rate of seeds after a short treatment with ARTP, the same operation and calculation methods as in example 1 were employed for maize seeds of a new DH variety, except that the treatment time was at three levels of 0, 5, and 10min, and the germination rates of this variety were obtained and are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical table of seed germination rate
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate was reduced for the new DH variety of corn seeds, which were treated for 0, 5, and 10 minutes, and therefore, the germination rate was reduced at least after ARTP treatment, which is advantageous for storage of corn seeds.
Example 3: ARTP treatment test of PH4CV corn seeds under different conditions
(1) And (5) seed selection. The PH4CV corn seeds 900 grains with full and complete grains and 15-17% water content are taken, and the test is designed according to random granule groups, and each treatment group is repeated three times.
(2) And (5) seed treatment. (1) Dry seed: the treatment was performed according to step (3) for three levels of 0, 15 and 30min, three replicates per treatment group, 50 seeds per replicate. (2) Wet seeds: soaking in clear water at 25deg.C for 12 hr, and treating according to step (3) for three times at 0, 15 and 30min, wherein each treatment group is repeated three times, and 50 seeds are each repeated.
(3) ARTP treatment. Treating the seeds in step (2) by using an ARTP generating device, wherein 99.99% helium is used as working gas, the working pressure is the ambient atmospheric pressure, the working temperature is 30 ℃, the power supply power is 380W, the flow rate of working gas flow is 15L/min, the distance between a plasma emission source and corn seeds is 2-5mm, and the treatment time is 0, 15 and 30min.
(4) And (3) the PH4CV corn seeds treated in the step (3) are subjected to germination test method of corn seeds by referring to the international seed test procedure 1996, three layers of filter paper are paved on a culture dish, 20mL of sterilized water is added, and the seeds are germinated in the culture dish (embryo is upward) in a dark environment with constant temperature of 28 ℃ for seven days. The humidity of the incubator is maintained above 75%. The number of germinated seeds was recorded daily. The germination vigor and germination rate of the seeds were calculated according to the following formula.
Germination vigor (%) = number of germinated seeds for 4 days of germination x 100/number of tested seeds.
Germination percentage (%) of seeds=number of germinated seeds for 7 days of germination×100/number of test seeds.
Results and analysis
Fig. 3 shows the variation of germination vigor of seeds under different treatments, and fig. 4 shows the variation of germination rate of seeds under different treatments, and the letters above the bar graph are used to indicate the significance of the differences between the treatment groups.
The differences between the three replicates of the same treatment were not significant as analyzed statistically.
From this, it is known that the germination percentage and the germination potential of the PH4CV dry corn seeds are significantly reduced with the time of the ARTP treatment, whereas the germination potential of the PH4CV dry corn seeds immersed for 12 hours is significantly increased with the time of the ARTP treatment, and the germination percentage is nearly 1, and is substantially the same. This shows that the germination rate of the seeds can be reduced by ARTP treatment of dry seeds to facilitate seed storage, whereas the germination rate of the corn seeds is substantially the same and the germination vigor is increased by ARTP treatment of wet seeds after soaking.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be carried out in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the above disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all respects, and not exclusive. All changes that come within the scope of the invention or equivalents thereto are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for facilitating grain storage, the method comprising: treating the grain seeds in a dry state by using normal-pressure room-temperature plasma;
before or during the storage of the grain seeds, treating the grain seeds in a dry state by using the normal-pressure room-temperature plasma;
the moisture content of the grain seeds in a dry state is 15-17%;
the grain seeds are corn grains;
the corn grain is Chang 7-2, new DH or PH4CV corn seeds;
the embryo of the grain seeds faces to normal pressure room temperature plasma to carry out the treatment;
the distance between the plasma emission source of the normal pressure room temperature plasma generating device and the grain seeds is 2-5mm;
the working gas of the normal pressure room temperature plasma generating device is helium;
the purity of the helium is 99.99%;
the working temperature of the normal-pressure room-temperature plasma generating device is 30 ℃;
the power of the power supply of the normal pressure room temperature plasma generating device is 400W;
the flow speed of working airflow of the normal-pressure room-temperature plasma generating device is 15L/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grain kernels are treated with the atmospheric room temperature plasma for 5-120 minutes.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the grain kernels are treated with the atmospheric room temperature plasma for 60-90 minutes.
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