CN111276197B - Optimization method for multilayer film radiation refrigerating material design - Google Patents
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an optimization method for the design of a multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material; the optimization method is based on an improved genetic algorithm and a transmission matrix algorithm, and can reversely design and optimize the structure of the multi-layer film radiation refrigeration material according to actual requirements. The improved genetic algorithm optimizes the crossing process and the mutation process, and judges and compares the final optimized result for multiple times, thereby effectively avoiding the optimized result from being trapped into local convergence. The transmission matrix algorithm can rapidly and accurately calculate the transmission characteristics of the multilayer film material through electromagnetic theory. The optimization method combining the two algorithms takes the radiation refrigeration power as a part of the evaluation function, and can efficiently optimize the multilayer film radiation refrigeration structure within the given thickness and the given layer number range. The invention has the advantages of high optimization speed, high accuracy, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radiation refrigeration, in particular to an optimization method for a multilayer film radiation refrigeration material design.
Background
The world energy is used excessively, resources are short, and under the condition of global warming, extreme weather is frequent, and the temperature in summer is in an ascending trend. The air conditioner refrigerator used in daily life not only consumes a large amount of power resources, but also causes certain damage to the environment. The low-energy-consumption pollution-free refrigeration technology is urgently needed, the ground heat radiation is transmitted to the universe through the atmospheric window in a heat radiation mode by radiation refrigeration, so that the refrigeration effect is realized, and the refrigeration method is an energy-saving, emission-reducing, green and environment-friendly refrigeration mode and has wide and far-reaching application prospects.
Radiation refrigeration technology has evolved well in the last decades, but is truly useful in daytime radiation refrigeration technology and has not made experimental breakthroughs until 2014. Raman et al realized a refrigeration effect of 4.9 ℃ below ambient temperature using a 2 μm multilayer film structure. Kou et al by SiO at 500 μm 2 The temperature reduction effect of 8.2 ℃ is realized by coating 100 mu m polymer PDMS. So far, the design of multilayer film structures has been mainly by designing the material spectra to approach the ideal model, but this approach ignores solar radiation and atmospheric transmissionThe non-uniformity of the emissivity with the spectral distribution results in the fact that the spectral characteristics of the material may be very good in the design, but the radiation refrigeration power is not the highest, i.e. the actual refrigeration effect is not optimized to the best. In addition, conventional designs rely heavily on parameter scanning, have very cumbersome workload, and are relatively slow in the design process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material, which combines an improved genetic algorithm with a transmission matrix algorithm and takes radiation refrigerating power as a part of an evaluation function, so that the optimization process of the radiation refrigerating structural material is more efficient and reasonable.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: an optimization method for multilayer film radiation refrigeration material design, the optimization method is based on an improved genetic algorithm and a transmission matrix algorithm, and takes radiation refrigeration power of the material as an evaluation function, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, an improved genetic algorithm randomly generates an initial population, chromosomes of the initial population are divided into a plurality of parts, and the parts are converted into corresponding parameters of a multilayer film structure;
secondly, inputting corresponding parameters into a transmission matrix algorithm, and respectively calculating the reflectivity, the transmissivity and the absorptivity of the corresponding multilayer film structure in TE mode and TM mode, wherein the final reflectivity, the transmissivity and the absorptivity are calculated by the average value in the two modes;
thirdly, the final reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity input evaluation functions calculate refrigerating power, and the refrigerating power and the total thickness of the materials are normalized together to serve as fitness of the population;
fourth, the improved genetic algorithm optimizes the structural parameters of the output radiant refrigerant material by combining the above components and utilizing replication, crossover and mutation processes.
The application of the transmission matrix algorithm greatly improves the overall operation speed, and the preliminary verification can reach more than 25 times of the parameter scanning method.
The improved genetic algorithm can judge and compare the final optimization results of multiple operations, and effectively avoids sinking into local convergence.
The radiation refrigeration power of the material is used as a part of an evaluation function, and the radiation refrigeration power and the overall thickness of the material are normalized and then used as fitness, so that the optimization process is more reasonable.
Wherein, the total layer number of the optimization method can be set arbitrarily according to the requirement, and the maximum layer number N which can be optimized at present max ≥40。
The optimization method can optimize materials of different layers, and the type M of the selectable materials of each layer is more than or equal to 4 at present.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a mode of combining a genetic algorithm and a transmission matrix algorithm, optimizes the refrigeration power as an evaluation function, and has the advantages of high optimization speed, high accuracy, low cost and the like. The invention can be used for designing high-performance and household radiation refrigeration materials, and has important significance for the practicability of propelling radiation refrigeration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structure and absorption spectrum of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material described in example 1;
fig. 3 is the spectral characteristics of the multilayer film radiation refrigerant material described in example 1 at different wavebands: wherein FIG. 3 a) is the reflectance of the material at 0.39-2.5 μm and FIG. 3 b) is the absorption at 8-13 μm;
fig. 4 shows the average reflectance and absorptivity of the multilayer film radiation refrigerant material of example 1 at different angles: wherein FIG. 4 a) is the angular variation of the average reflectance of the material at 0.39-2.5 μm and FIG. 4 b) is the angular variation of the average absorbance at 8-13 μm;
fig. 5 is an angular spectrum of characteristics of the multilayer film radiation refrigerant material described in example 1: wherein fig. 5 a) shows the reflectance of the visible and near infrared bands as a function of wavelength and angle, and fig. 5 b) shows the absorbance of the mid infrared atmospheric window band as a function of wavelength and angle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples, which should be construed as including the full scope of the claims. And one skilled in the art will realize that the claims are fully enabled from the following one embodiment.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigeration material is based on an improved genetic algorithm, a transmission matrix algorithm and an evaluation function containing radiation refrigeration power. In order to understand the design principle of the multi-layer film radiation refrigeration material in depth, the invention will be described below with reference to the principle of daytime radiation refrigeration, general design method and specific examples.
Firstly, the daytime radiation refrigeration refers to the process that objects on the ground reflect a large amount of solar radiation under sunlight to reduce absorption, and transmit the heat radiation to the universe through a middle infrared atmospheric window to realize material cooling. To achieve the above object, it is required that the material has a high reflectance in the 0.39-2.5 μm band and a high absorptivity in the 8-13 μm band (the absorptivity of the object under thermal balance is the same as the emissivity according to kirchhoff's law of radiation). The general design method is to design the spectrum of the material by designing a band-pass filter, but the size of solar radiation and atmospheric transmittance can be changed along with the spectrum, so that the material designed by the method can not achieve higher radiation refrigeration effect while maintaining a thin thickness. The method directly uses the radiation refrigeration power as an evaluation function, so that the problem is well solved, and a better optimization effect is achieved by utilizing an algorithm.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a 9-layer multi-layer film radiation refrigeration structure material is designed for verifying the accuracy of the optimization method. FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of a radiation refrigerating material by processing 8 layers of overlapped MgF on Ag thin layers 2 And Si (Si) 3 N 4 Can realize the cooling to 8.2 ℃ when the total thickness is 2 mu mEffects. The thickness of the film layer in fig. 2 (a) is from top to bottom: 146nm,467nm,123nm, 284 nm,122nm, 365 nm,305nm,84nm and 100nm.
Before algorithm optimization, the maximum optimization layer number is 10 layers, the maximum optimization thickness is 2 mu m, and the iterative optimization times are 5 times and 50 times. And the radiation refrigeration power and the total thickness of the material are set as evaluation functions, the radiation refrigeration power P net Can be calculated by the following formula:
P net ＝P rad (T)-P atm (T amb )-P sun -P con (T amb ,T) (1)
wherein T is the material temperature, T amb At ambient air temperature, P rad For radiation of the material itself, P atm Atmospheric radiation absorbed by the material, P sun Solar radiation absorbed by the material, P con Is an energy loss caused by non-radiative heat transfer.
The optimization process is approximately as follows: the genetic algorithm generates an initial population and compiles, the compiled parameters are imported into a transmission matrix for calculating the spectrum characteristics of TE and TM modes of the multilayer film structure, and finally the output spectrum parameters are represented by the average value of the two modes, for example, the absorption rate A= (A) TE +A TM ) 2, wherein A TE And A TM Absorption rates in TE and TM modes, respectively; and the spectral characteristics output by the transmission matrix algorithm are exported and then used for calculating the radiation refrigeration power, and then the radiation refrigeration power and the total thickness of the material are subjected to normalization processing to generate fitness serving as a judgment standard in the optimization process.
Fitness = p1 (0.5 + arctan (10 r 1 )/π)+p2*(0.5+arctan(10*R 2 )/π)(2)
R 1 ＝0.5+arctan*(0.01*P)/π，R 2 ＝0.5-arctan(H)/π
Wherein P is radiation refrigeration power, the optimization weight is P1, H is the total thickness of the material, and the optimization weight is P2.
The material designed by the radiation refrigeration power optimization algorithm shows good spectral characteristics, as shown in figure 3, the material has an average reflectivity of 95% at 0.39-2.5 μm and an average absorptivity of 89% at 8-13 μm, which proves that the optimization algorithm can also adapt to the general optimization standard. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the average reflectance and absorptivity of a material as a function of angle, showing the ultra-wide angular characteristics of the material, and the detailed reflectance and absorptivity as a function of spectrum and angle are shown in fig. 5. By making the radiation refrigeration power in the formula (1) equal to zero, the material can achieve the cooling effect of 8.2 ℃, and the excellent overall performance of the material is reflected.
The above design process, embodiment and simulation results well verify the present invention.
Thus, while the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. The present invention is not described in detail in part as being well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. An optimization method for the design of a multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the optimization method is based on an improved genetic algorithm and a transmission matrix algorithm, and takes radiation refrigeration power of materials as a part of an evaluation function, and comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, an improved genetic algorithm randomly generates an initial population, chromosomes of the initial population are divided into a plurality of parts, and the parts are converted into corresponding parameters of a multilayer film structure;
secondly, inputting corresponding parameters into a transmission matrix algorithm, and respectively calculating the reflectivity, the transmissivity and the absorptivity of the corresponding multilayer film structure in TE mode and TM mode, wherein the final reflectivity, the transmissivity and the absorptivity are calculated by the average value in the two modes;
thirdly, the final reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity input evaluation functions calculate refrigerating power, and the refrigerating power and the total thickness of the materials are normalized together to serve as fitness of the population;
radiation refrigeration power P net Can be calculated by the following formula:
P net ＝P rad (T)-P atm (T amb )-P sun -P con (T amb ,T)(1)
wherein T is the material temperature, T amb At ambient air temperature, P rad For radiation of the material itself, P atm Atmospheric radiation absorbed by the material, P sun Solar radiation absorbed by the material, P con Energy loss due to non-radiative heat transfer;
fourth, the improved genetic algorithm optimizes the structural parameters of the output radiant refrigerant material by combining the above components and utilizing replication, crossover and mutation processes.
2. The optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: the application of the transmission matrix algorithm greatly improves the overall operation speed, and the preliminary verification can reach more than 25 times of the parameter scanning method.
3. The optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: the improved genetic algorithm can judge and compare the final optimization results of multiple operations, and effectively avoids sinking into local convergence.
4. The optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: the radiation refrigeration power of the material is used as a part of the evaluation function, and the radiation refrigeration power and the overall thickness of the material are normalized to be used as fitness.
5. The optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: the total layer number of the optimization method can be set arbitrarily according to the requirement, and the maximum layer number N which can be optimized at present max ≥40。
6. The optimization method for the design of the multi-layer film radiation refrigerating material according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: the optimization method can optimize materials of different layers, and the type M of the selectable materials of each layer is more than or equal to 4 at present.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1667435A (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2005-09-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic design method for optimizing anti-reflection film system by genetic algorithm |
| CN105224811A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | PMU dynamic data processing method based on feedback iterative frequency tracking |
| CN110320745A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-10-11 | 复旦大学 | Passive cooling film of flexibility with ideal emission spectra and preparation method thereof |
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| US10267193B2 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-04-23 | Advanced Technology Emission Solutions Inc. | Emission control system with controlled induction heating and methods for use therewith |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1667435A (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2005-09-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic design method for optimizing anti-reflection film system by genetic algorithm |
| CN105224811A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | PMU dynamic data processing method based on feedback iterative frequency tracking |
| CN110320745A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-10-11 | 复旦大学 | Passive cooling film of flexibility with ideal emission spectra and preparation method thereof |
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| Babak B. Naghshine et al.《OPTICS COMMUNICATION》.2017,第410卷摘要，2.4节. * |
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