CN111275273A - Method for predicting complexity of shale fracturing to form fracture network - Google Patents

Method for predicting complexity of shale fracturing to form fracture network Download PDF

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CN111275273A
CN111275273A CN202010189682.0A CN202010189682A CN111275273A CN 111275273 A CN111275273 A CN 111275273A CN 202010189682 A CN202010189682 A CN 202010189682A CN 111275273 A CN111275273 A CN 111275273A
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赵志红
赵玉航
郭建春
陈朝刚
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting the complexity of a shale fracturing fracture network, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the percentage of various minerals of the shale core, including quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, calcite, dolomite and other substances; s2, determining the standard amount to be 16.7% by using the brittle mineral type; s3, recalculating the percentage of each brittle mineral component by only considering the brittle minerals; s4, determining a phase difference k by using the standard amount and the newly determined percentage content of the minerals; s5, calculating the brittleness B of the brittle minerals; s6, finally, determining a brittleness index BI by combining with other minerals, wherein the larger the brittleness index BI value is, the more the number of cracks is, and the more complex the crack network formed by fracturing is. The invention provides a new prediction method for the complexity of forming a fracture network by shale fracturing.

Description

Method for predicting complexity of shale fracturing to form fracture network
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a method for predicting the complexity of a fracture network formed by shale fracturing in a shale hydraulic fracturing process.
Background
Shale gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources, and due to the huge resource amount and the clean characteristic of energy, the shale gas is widely valued and developed by people. Because the reservoir fracturing effect is closely related to the brittleness, the method for evaluating the complexity of the reservoir fracture by using the brittleness is a commonly used means at present, and the accurate knowledge of the brittleness of the target interval is favorable for better saving the cost and improving the yield.
Along with the high development of shale gas in various countries, the brittleness index is more and more established. Javie et al (2007) believe that the brittleness of shale depends on the proportion of brittle minerals, and mainly depends on the amount of quartz content to judge the brittleness of the stratum; richman et al (2008) performed experiments on a particular shale section to generate a scatter plot of young's modulus and brittleness, poisson's ratio and brittleness, and found that shale brittleness increases with decreasing poisson's ratio of the rock and increasing young's modulus; and the other main methods are that a mineral method and an elastic parameter method are simultaneously utilized for the stratum, and the predicted results of the mineral method and the elastic parameter method are fitted with the actual test conditions, so that the predicted results are closer to the true values.
In the actual case, the following problems occur when these methods are used:
(1) the main brittle substance of shale in different regions is not necessarily quartz, the brittleness of various minerals is difficult to determine, and the conventional mineral method is difficult to give an accurate prediction of the brittleness of the shale in the target interval.
(2) The elastic parameter method proposed by Rickman considers too few factors, namely the Poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus, however, the practical situation is that the confining pressure influences far the super elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio with the increase of the depth of the shale interval, and the situations shown by different shale areas are different, so that the law among the mechanical parameters is difficult to find.
(3) The premise of adopting the fitting method is that a method with certain characteristic stratum brittleness is needed to support, when the mineral method and the elastic parameter method deviate from the actual situation, the fitting effect is not good, and the fitting method has certain probability and risks.
In general, the methods used in the prior art have regional limitations, and the methods used in different regions have great diversity and are not generally applicable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method has great difference and no universal applicability when being used in different areas, and provides a novel method for predicting the complexity of fracture network formation in shale hydraulic fracturing in the shale hydraulic fracturing process.
The invention provides a method for predicting the complexity of a seam network formed by shale fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the percentage content of each mineral component of the shale core sample: the percentage contents of the six brittle mineral components of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, calcite and dolomite are respectively recorded as: m is1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6(ii) a The content of other mineral components is m7(ii) a The other minerals of (a) refer to all minerals, including clays, which have an inhibitory effect on mineral brittleness; m is1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6+m7=100%。
S2, determining standard quantity: the standard quantity is equal to the percentage content of various brittle minerals when the mineral heterogeneity reaches the strongest; the brittle minerals in shale are six kinds of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, calcite and dolomite, the more average the content of each mineral, the stronger the heterogeneity of the minerals, and assuming that shale is completely composed of six brittle minerals, when the average content of each brittle mineral is 16.7%, the heterogeneity is the strongest, so the standard amount is defined as 16.7%.
S3, re-determining the percentage of brittle minerals: the percentage of all six mineral components with a certain brittleness is redetermined and calculated as m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6The sum is denominator m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6Respectively used as molecules, and the percentage contents of six brittle mineral components are obtained by recalculation: quartz a1Orthoclase a2Plagioclase a3Pyrite a4Calcite a5Dolomite a6(ii) a Is calculated by the formula
Figure BDA0002415415690000021
And i is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively.
S4, calculating the phase difference k which is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the percentage contents of various brittle minerals and the standard quantity, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0002415415690000022
S5, determining the brittleness expression B of the brittle mineral: as can be seen from the calculation formula of the phase difference amount k, the larger the phase difference amount is, the weaker the mineral heterogeneity is, and the weakest is that only one mineral exists, where k is 5/3; when the phase difference amount is zero, the mineral heterogeneity is strongest; from this, it is found that the brittleness of the brittle mineral is inversely proportional to the phase difference, the brittleness value B is changed between 0 and 1, the point with the strongest brittleness and the point with the weakest brittleness can be determined by combining k, and then an expression can be obtained,
Figure BDA0002415415690000023
s6, determining a final brittleness expression BI: because other mineral components exist in the shale, the brittleness of the shale is reversely influenced, and the percentage content m of other minerals is defined7For ineffective content, m is in the available shale7The area of (1) is a brittleness ineffective area, and the final brittleness expression BI ═ B · (1-m) of the shale is obtained7). The larger the value of the brittleness index BI, the larger the number of cracks, and the more complex the fracture network formed by fracturing.
Preferably, in step S1, the contents of the six brittle mineral components (m)1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6) All measured by an X-ray diffractometer. Content m of other mineral components7=100%-m1-m2-m3-m4-m5-m6
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method of the invention utilizes the heterogeneity of mineral mechanics to equalize and average the mineral characteristics and mechanical characteristics in the shale to obtain a moderate brittleness rule, and the idea provides a method with a certain rule for the complex degree of crack propagation for a target reservoir stratum, thereby solving the problem that the prior art method has no universal applicability.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed by shale fracturing is applied to the test of a specific shale sample, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 10 rock cores of the Yong Pi 2 well are taken for rock mineral analysis, the number is 1-10, for convenient calculation, the total detection mass of the core sample is 100 g, an X-ray diffractometer is adopted to measure the content of various brittle mineral components, the specific data are shown in Table 1, and the percentage content of each component can be simply obtained.
TABLE 1 rock mineral composition
Figure BDA0002415415690000031
(2) The standard amount was determined to be 16.7%.
(3) Recalculating to determine the percentage content of the brittle minerals; the total of the percentage contents of the six brittle minerals is used as a denominator, the percentage contents of the various brittle minerals are respectively used as numerators, and the new percentage contents of the six brittle mineral components are obtained by recalculation: quartz a1Orthoclase a2Plagioclase a3Pyrite a4Calcite a5Dolomite a6As shown in table 2. The denominator of the percentage content of other minerals is the total mass m, and the sum of the phase differences is calculated as shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 rock mineral percentages
Figure BDA0002415415690000032
Figure BDA0002415415690000041
(4) Calculating the phase difference k which is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the percentage contents of various brittle minerals and the standard quantity, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure BDA0002415415690000042
The calculated k value is shown in Table 3.
(5) Calculating the brittleness B of the brittle minerals by the following formula
Figure BDA0002415415690000043
The calculation results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 calculated values of phase difference k and brittleness B
Numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
k 1.197 1.111 0.952 1.004 0.934 0.900 0.889 0.964 1.028 1.271
B 0.2818 0.3334 0.4288 0.3976 0.4396 0.4600 0.4666 0.4216 0.3832 0.2374
(6) According to the formula BI ═ B · (1-m)7) And calculating the final brittleness BI of the shale, which is shown in a table 4, and adding the number of actually-measured cracks generated on the rock core. As can be seen from table 4, the trend of the brittleness index BI coincides with the trend of the number of cracks. The smaller the value of the brittleness index BI, the smaller the number of cracks, and the fracture formedThe simpler the seamed mesh. The larger the value of the brittleness index BI, the larger the number of cracks, and the more complex the fracture network formed by fracturing.
TABLE 4 brittleness index BI
Numbering Brittleness index BI Number of cracks
1 0.175 4
2 0.199 3
3 0.275 5
4 0.257 4
5 0.295 8
6 0.297 7
7 0.287 6
8 0.252 8
9 0.274 2
10 0.172 2
In conclusion, the new prediction method for the complexity degree of the fracture network formed by the shale fracturing in the shale hydraulic fracturing process is provided. The method has simple steps, can not be limited by regions in use, and has universal applicability to various unused areas.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for predicting the complexity of a fracture network formed by shale fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the percentage content of each mineral component of the shale core sample, and respectively recording the percentage content of six brittle mineral components of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, calcite and dolomiteComprises the following steps: m is1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6(ii) a The content of other mineral components is m7
S2, determining the standard quantity to be 16.7%;
s3, re-determining the percentage of brittle minerals in terms of m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6The sum is denominator m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6Respectively used as molecules, and the percentage contents of six brittle mineral components are obtained by recalculation: quartz a1Orthoclase a2Plagioclase a3Pyrite a4Calcite a5Dolomite a6
S4, calculating the phase difference k which is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the percentage contents of various brittle minerals and the standard quantity, wherein the calculation formula is
Figure FDA0002415415680000011
S5, determining the brittleness expression B of the brittle mineral,
Figure FDA0002415415680000012
s6, determining a final brittleness expression BI, wherein BI is B (1-m)7) The larger the value of the brittleness index BI is, the larger the number of cracks is, and the more complex the crack network formed by fracturing is.
2. The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed by fracturing shale according to claim 1, wherein the other minerals are all minerals which have an inhibiting effect on the brittleness of the minerals, including clay.
3. The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed in the shale fracturing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the contents of the six brittle mineral components are measured by an X-ray diffractometer.
4. The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed in the shale fracturing process according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the content m of other mineral components7=100%-m1-m2-m3-m4-m5-m6
5. The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed by the shale fracturing of the shale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the standard quantity is equal to the percentage content of each brittle mineral when the mineral heterogeneity reaches the strongest; the brittle minerals in shale are six kinds of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, calcite and dolomite, the more average the content of each mineral, the stronger the heterogeneity of the minerals, and assuming that shale is completely composed of six brittle minerals, when the average content of each brittle mineral is 16.7%, the heterogeneity is the strongest, so the standard amount is defined as 16.7%.
6. The method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed by fracturing shale according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, as shown by the calculation formula of the phase difference amount k, the larger the phase difference amount is, the weaker the mineral heterogeneity is, and the weakest is that only one mineral exists, where k is 5/3; when the phase difference amount is zero, the mineral heterogeneity is strongest; from this, it is found that the brittleness of the brittle mineral is inversely proportional to the phase difference, the brittleness value B is changed between 0 and 1, the point with the strongest brittleness and the point with the weakest brittleness can be determined by combining k, and then an expression can be obtained,
Figure FDA0002415415680000021
7. the method for predicting the complexity of the fracture network formed in the shale fracturing process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the brittleness of the shale is adversely affected due to the existence of other mineral components in the shale, and the percentage m of other minerals is defined7For ineffective content, m is in the available shale7The area of (1) is a brittleness ineffective area, and the final brittleness expression BI ═ B · (1-m) of the shale is obtained7)。
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