CN111274721A - Dental instrument design method and device - Google Patents
Dental instrument design method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method and a device of a dental instrument, which are characterized by acquiring an initial dental finite element model and a target dental finite element model, acquiring a designed dental finite element model according to the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, acquiring a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model, establishing a verification dental finite element model, wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification dental instrument finite element model, carrying out finite element calculation, verifying the consistency of the design of the dental instrument finite element model and a target position based on a finite element calculation result, and verifying whether alveolar bone is reconstructed. In the verification process, whether the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the finite element model of the dental apparatus reaches the new layout is used as a verification condition, if the verification is passed, the design of the dental apparatus is reasonable, otherwise, the dental apparatus is redesigned to meet the verification result of consistency. The method provides a basis for the design and preparation of dental instruments.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for designing a dental device, a method for manufacturing a dental device, an electronic device, and a computer storage medium.
Background
The invisible tooth appliance is used for correcting teeth, is one of dental appliances, and is more and more accepted by patients in recent years because of the beauty, comfort and convenience for the patients to take off and wear by themselves. The invisible tooth appliance is designed according to the virtual correction scheme of the intraoral condition of a patient, and is prepared according to the virtual correction scheme, so that teeth can be repositioned from a first layout to a second layout, the prepared invisible tooth appliance is a series of macromolecular shell-shaped appliances gradually adjusting the layout of the teeth, the teeth of the patient can be rearranged when the patient wears the invisible tooth appliance, and the positions of the teeth are gradually changed to a target correction position.
At present, when the virtual correction scheme is designed, teeth can be rearranged according to intraoral data of a patient, the final correction target position of the patient is determined according to the experience of a clinician, and a series of corresponding tooth correction devices are designed according to the correction target, but whether the design of the tooth correction devices is reasonable or not is not provided with a proper verification method. Once the design of the appliance is unreasonable, the patient wears the invisible tooth appliance and can have the clinical manifestation of non-fitting or sleeve-off, which affects the correction effect of the patient.
Therefore, the research on how to optimize the virtual orthodontic scheme in the design and preparation process of the invisible dental appliance has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a design method and a device of a dental instrument, a preparation method of the dental instrument, electronic equipment and a computer storage medium, wherein whether stress distribution data of an alveolar bone finite element model reaches a threshold value for alveolar bone reconstruction when a dental jaw finite element model wearing the dental instrument finite element model reaches a new layout is used as a verification condition, a verification result of the consistency of the design of the dental instrument finite element model and a target position is given, and a design scheme of the dental instrument is optimized based on the verification result.
The purpose of the application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method of designing a dental instrument, comprising:
acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model;
acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model;
obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein the design jaw finite element model comprises a design tooth finite element model and a design alveolar bone finite element model;
establishing a verification jaw finite element model, wherein the verification jaw finite element model is established based on the initial jaw finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model;
wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least obtaining stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and obtaining: under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model reaches a new layout;
verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; wherein if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the dental appliance finite element model is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model so as to enable the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model to reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction.
Thus, a designed dental finite element model is obtained through the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, a dental instrument finite element model is designed according to the designed dental finite element model, the dental instrument finite element model is designed and verified through the initial dental finite element model, the dental instrument finite element model is worn on the verified dental instrument finite element model, whether the alveolar bone is reconstructed or not is verified, the consistency between the dental instrument finite element model and the target position can be verified, in the verification process, whether the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction when the dental instrument finite element model worn on the dental instrument finite element model reaches the new layout is used as a verification condition, if the verification result accords with the consistency, the design of the dental instrument finite element model is reasonable, if the verification result does not accord with the consistency, the dental instrument finite element model is redesigned to enable the dental instrument model to accord with the verification result of the consistency, thereby completing the dental instrument design process. The method provides a basis for the design and preparation of the dental appliance, and the dental appliance with better correction effect can be designed or prepared based on the method, so that the correction effect of the patient is fully ensured.
Optionally, obtaining a plurality of design dental finite element models based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and then obtaining a plurality of corresponding dental instrument finite element models according to the plurality of design dental finite element models respectively; the dental appliance finite element models enable the dental jaw to gradually change from an initial position to a target position through a plurality of process correction stages, and the design of each dental appliance finite element model is verified to be consistent with the stage target position of the dental appliance finite element model based on the finite element calculation result; the process correcting stage comprises a stage initial dental finite element model and a stage target dental finite element model. Therefore, the tooth correcting process can be divided into a plurality of process correcting stages, and a dental appliance finite element model of each stage is designed and verified. Some patients have a more complicated intraoral condition or a higher difficulty in correction, and need a longer correction process, if only a dental appliance is designed according to the final correction target of the patient, the patient can wear the dental appliance all the time in the long correction process, great pain can be brought to the patient in the initial stage of correction, periodontal ligament necrosis and tooth root absorption can be caused, teeth are loosened and even fall off, and the correction process is poor in experience. In addition, for the tooth correction, the early treatment effect is found to be the best in the early period, the patients for correcting the teeth are adolescents and adults, and for the adolescents, under the condition of larger correction degree, the correction period is longer and the tolerance is poorer, so that the medical compliance is reduced, and the influence on the correction result is larger. And whether take place alveolar bone when the design to a series of appliances and rebuild and verify, the relative change of the dental appliance shape that produces when the alveolar bone is rebuild is as the target is rescued in the stage, a series of dental appliances are designed according to the target of final correction for the adjustment range in every correction stage is in patient's bearing range, both reach the purpose of correcting, still furthest alleviates patient's uncomfortable sense brought by joining in marriage the dental appliance, improve patient's the experience of correcting, help reaching the anticipated effect of correcting.
Optionally, any of the stage target positions coincides with a pose of the stage target dental finite element model to which it corresponds. Because the designed dental appliance finite element model is related to the stage initial dental finite element model and the stage target dental finite element model, if the stage target dental finite element model is related to the target position, the dental appliance finite element model is also related to the target position, and the stage target dental finite element model is consistent with the stage target position pose, so that the verification tooth finite element model reaches the stage target position when the stage is finished.
Optionally, the layout that occurs when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout is: the target positions of two adjacent stages are consistent or different. In the correcting process, the target positions of the two adjacent stages can be the same or different, and the actual conditions of the patient are considered, for example, when the target positions are the same, the effect of the two adjacent stages of the patient is kept; when different, the correction effect of two adjacent stages of the patient is obtained.
Optionally, when the finite element model of the verification tooth reaches the new layout, if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction, the finite element model of the dental appliance in the current stage is considered to be consistent with the stage target position, the finite element model of the dental appliance in the current stage is taken as the stage initial dental finite element model in the next stage, and then the design of the finite element model of the dental appliance in the next stage is verified to be consistent with the stage target position based on the finite element calculation result. Therefore, consistency verification of each stage is carried out in sequence, after the verification is passed, the stage target dental finite element model of the current stage is used as the stage initial dental finite element model of the next stage, once consistency verification of a certain stage is failed, the dental appliance finite element model of the stage can be redesigned, and a plurality of designed dental appliances are more suitable for the correction condition of each stage.
Optionally, verifying consistency of design of each dental appliance finite element model with a stage target position thereof based on a finite element calculation result, and if stress distribution data of the verified alveolar bone finite element model reaches a threshold value of reconstruction of the alveolar bone, considering that the dental appliance finite element model which is currently verified is consistent with the stage target position thereof; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model which is verified currently, so that the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold, and redesigning the dental appliance finite element model into the redesign of a single design dental finite element model. Therefore, the designed plurality of dental appliance finite element models are verified independently, if a certain dental appliance finite element model fails to pass consistency verification, the dental appliance finite element model is redesigned, and the method has the advantages that the plurality of dental appliance finite element models can be verified simultaneously, and verification efficiency is high.
Optionally, the initial tooth finite element model and the verification tooth finite element model are the same, and the initial alveolar bone finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are the same. Therefore, the difference between the verification dental finite element model and the initial dental finite element model is that the periodontal ligament finite element model is added, and the verification dental finite element model can be established based on the initial dental finite element model, so that the modeling process is simplified, the modeling efficiency is improved, the calculation amount in the process is reduced, and the calculation resources are saved.
Optionally, the layout change that occurs when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout includes a change in pose of the verification tooth finite element model or a layout change that occurs when the verification tooth finite element model is subjected to a load. The layout change is brought by pose change on one hand, deformation is generated under the action of external force on the other hand, and the pose change is generated by wearing a dental instrument or the deformation is generated under the action of the dental instrument on the other hand.
Optionally, the threshold value for alveolar bone reconstruction is a critical stress value that triggers alveolar bone reconstruction; and when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are all in a temporary stable state, and the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model when alveolar bone reconstruction is in the temporary stable state is larger than the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction and is generated when the stress distribution data is maintained for a certain time. Thus, the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction is given, and the specific conditions of alveolar bone reconstruction are defined.
Optionally, the threshold for alveolar bone reconstruction is 4500-. The selection of the threshold value is in accordance with the actual situation in the human mouth.
Optionally, the dental appliance finite element model is redesigned by adjusting one or more of a single step movement amount of the dental appliance finite element model design, a rotation angle of a tooth, a thickness of the dental appliance finite element model, and a material of the dental appliance finite element model. These parameters directly influence the design process of the dental instrument, so that when the dental instrument finite element model is redesigned, a single parameter or a combination of multiple parameters can be adjusted based on the parameters, and the consistency after redesign is verified.
Optionally, the verification tooth finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification alveolar bone finite element model;
the method for acquiring the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone comprises the following steps:
selecting boundary conditions of a verification dental finite element model by using the dental instrument finite element model, wherein the boundary conditions of the verification dental finite element model comprise pose changes and/or loads of the verification dental finite element model;
and carrying out nonlinear finite element calculation by using the finite element model of the verification jaw and boundary conditions of the finite element model of the verification jaw to obtain stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone.
Thus, with the posture change and/or the load applied by the dental instrument worn on the jaw as boundary conditions, the finite element calculation is the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone considering the dental instrument.
Optionally, the constitutive model of the finite element model for verification of periodontal ligament is of the type of superelastic V-W model or superelastic Yeoh model. Thus, the superelasticity V-W model and the superelasticity Yeoh model can be used as the constitutive model of the finite element model of the periodontal ligament to simulate the mechanical behavior of the periodontal ligament, and the superelasticity model is closer to the actual periodontal ligament than the linear elasticity model.
Optionally, the verification tooth finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are both of the type of constitutive model being a linear elastic model. The linear elastic model has small computation amount and high computation efficiency, and compared with the situation that the tooth and alveolar bone constitutive model selects the super-elastic model or the visco-elastic model, the computation amount can be greatly reduced, and the computation efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the method for obtaining a geometric model for verifying a finite element model of periodontal ligament comprises:
generating a plurality of first layer fiducials of the geometric model of the verified periodontal ligament finite element model from the geometric model of the verified tooth finite element model;
respectively extending each first-layer datum point outwards to obtain a plurality of second-layer datum points; wherein the direction from the root portion to the alveolar bone around the root portion is outward;
generating a geometric model of the verification periodontal ligament finite element model outside the geometric model of the verification tooth finite element model using the plurality of first layer reference points and the plurality of second layer reference points.
The method for acquiring the geometric model of the periodontal ligament finite element model has the advantages that the efficiency is greatly improved, the calculation amount is small, and the generation speed is high. By combining the above contents, the stress analysis can be better performed on the alveolar bone in the orthodontic treatment, and a foundation can be more accurately provided for the design, preparation and verification of the dental appliance, so that the dental appliance after the design, preparation and verification is closer to the correction plan, and the correction effect of a patient is ensured.
Optionally, the load comprises a point load, a line load, a face load or a body load. Thus, no matter the point, line, surface or body is stressed, the stress analysis can be carried out by using the method provided by the invention.
Optionally, the finite element model of the verification jaw adopts an incremental method when carrying out nonlinear finite element calculation. The nonlinear problem cannot be solved by equation calculation of a single system, and therefore, it can be solved by an incremental method, applying a given load step by step and solving until a final solution is obtained.
A dental instrument design apparatus, comprising:
a model module to:
acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model;
acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model;
obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein the design jaw finite element model comprises a design tooth finite element model and a design alveolar bone finite element model;
establishing a verification jaw finite element model, wherein the verification jaw finite element model is established based on the initial jaw finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model;
a calculation module to:
wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least obtaining stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and obtaining: under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model reaches a new layout;
a verification module to:
verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; wherein if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the dental appliance finite element model is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model so as to enable the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model to reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction.
A method for manufacturing a dental instrument, wherein the method for manufacturing the dental instrument is performed by using any one of the above methods for designing the dental instrument, wherein the method for manufacturing the dental instrument is performed when the finite element model of the dental instrument designed by the method for designing the dental instrument is consistent with the target position, and the method for manufacturing the dental instrument is a method of hot press molding or a method of 3D printing. Therefore, the dental appliance can be prepared by adopting the virtual design scheme verified by the consistency, and the prepared dental appliance is more reasonable and is fit with the intraoral condition and the expected correction plan of the patient.
An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the processor executing computer instructions stored by the memory to cause the electronic device to perform any of the above dental appliance design methods.
A computer storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when run on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any of the above dental appliance design methods.
The invention provides a method for designing a dental appliance finite element model, which is characterized in that whether stress distribution data of an alveolar bone finite element model reaches a threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when a dental jaw finite element model wearing the dental appliance finite element model reaches a new layout is used as a verification condition, a verification result of the consistency of the design of the dental appliance finite element model and a design target is given, if the verification result accords with the consistency, the design of the dental appliance finite element model is reasonable, if the verification result does not accord with the consistency, the dental appliance finite element model is redesigned to accord with the consistency verification result, the method provides a basis for the design and preparation of a dental appliance, the dental appliance with a better correcting effect can be designed or prepared based on the method, and the correcting effect of a patient is fully ensured.
Drawings
The present application is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a dental model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for designing a dental appliance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a first calculation and verification method in designing a series of dental appliance finite element models;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a second calculation and verification method in designing a series of dental appliance finite element models;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an acquisition method for verifying a geometric model of a finite element model of the periodontal ligament;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of step S52 in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of obtaining stress distribution data for validating a finite element model of an alveolar bone;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a design device of a dental appliance provided by an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a crown of a tooth; 2. periodontal ligament; 3. alveolar bone; 4. a tooth root; 81. a model module; 82. a calculation module; 83. and a verification module.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments or technical features described below may be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, according to the structure of a human tooth, the illustrated dental model includes a crown 1 and a root 4, a periodontal ligament 2 is wrapped outside the root 4, and an alveolar bone 3 is wrapped outside the periodontal ligament 2.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a dental instrument, including steps S21 to S26.
Step S21: acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model.
Step S22: and acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model.
The sequence of steps S21 and S22 may be interchanged or performed simultaneously.
Step S23: obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein, designing the dental jaw finite element model comprises designing a tooth finite element model and designing an alveolar bone finite element model.
Step S24: establishing a verification dental finite element model, wherein the verification dental finite element model is established based on the initial dental finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model.
The initial tooth finite element model and the verification tooth finite element model may be the same, and the initial alveolar bone finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model may be the same. Therefore, the difference between the verification dental finite element model and the initial dental finite element model is that the periodontal ligament finite element model is added, and the verification dental finite element model can be established based on the initial dental finite element model, so that the modeling process is simplified, the modeling efficiency is improved, the calculation amount in the process is reduced, and the calculation resources are saved.
The sequence of steps S23 and S24 may be interchanged or performed simultaneously.
Step S25: wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification dental jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least acquiring stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and acquiring: and verifying the new layout of the tooth finite element model under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model. The stress distribution data of the finite element model of the tooth can be obtained and verified, and the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the periodontal ligament can be verified. The new layout obtained takes into account the effect of forces exerted on the plurality of teeth when the dental implement is worn on the dental model.
Verifying that the layout occurring when the tooth finite element model reaches the new layout may be: the target positions of two adjacent stages are consistent or different. In the correcting process, the target positions of the two adjacent stages can be the same or different, and the actual conditions of the patient are considered, for example, when the target positions are the same, the effect of the two adjacent stages of the patient is kept; when different, the correction effect of two adjacent stages of the patient is obtained.
Verifying the change in the layout that occurs when the tooth finite element model reaches the new layout may include verifying a change in the pose of the tooth finite element model or a change in the layout that occurs when the tooth finite element model is loaded. The layout change is brought by pose change on one hand, deformation is generated under the action of external force on the other hand, and the pose change is generated by wearing a dental instrument or the deformation is generated under the action of the dental instrument on the other hand.
Step S26: verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone when the finite element model of the tooth is verified to reach the new layout, the finite element model of the dental appliance is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the tooth to be verified does not reach the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction when the finite element model of the tooth to be verified reaches the new layout, redesigning the finite element model of the dental appliance so as to enable the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the tooth to reach the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction.
The threshold for alveolar bone reconstruction may be a critical stress value that triggers alveolar bone reconstruction; when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are all in a temporary stable state, and the alveolar bone reconstruction is generated when the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model in the temporary stable state is larger than the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold and is maintained for a certain time. Thus, the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction is given, and the specific conditions of alveolar bone reconstruction are defined.
Specifically, the threshold for alveolar bone reconstruction may be 4500-. The selection of the threshold value is in accordance with the actual situation in the human mouth.
One or more of the amount of single step movement of the dental appliance finite element model design, the angle of rotation of the tooth, the thickness of the dental appliance finite element model, and the material of the dental appliance finite element model may be adjusted when the dental appliance finite element model is redesigned. These parameters directly influence the design process of the dental instrument, so that when the dental instrument finite element model is redesigned, a single parameter or a combination of multiple parameters can be adjusted based on the parameters, and the consistency after redesign is verified.
Thus, a designed dental finite element model is obtained through the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, a dental instrument finite element model is designed according to the designed dental finite element model, the dental instrument finite element model is designed and verified through the initial dental finite element model, the dental instrument finite element model is worn on the verified dental instrument finite element model, whether the alveolar bone is reconstructed or not is verified, the consistency between the dental instrument finite element model and the target position can be verified, in the verification process, whether the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction when the dental instrument finite element model worn on the dental instrument finite element model reaches the new layout is used as a verification condition, if the verification result accords with the consistency, the design of the dental instrument finite element model is reasonable, if the verification result does not accord with the consistency, the dental instrument finite element model is redesigned to enable the dental instrument model to accord with the verification result of the consistency, thereby completing the dental instrument design process. The method provides a basis for the design and preparation of the dental appliance, and the dental appliance with better correction effect can be designed or prepared based on the method, so that the correction effect of the patient is fully ensured.
In some embodiments, a plurality of design dental finite element models can be obtained based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and then a corresponding plurality of dental appliance finite element models can be obtained according to the plurality of design dental finite element models respectively; the dental appliance finite element models enable the dental jaw to gradually change from an initial position to a target position through a plurality of process correction stages, and the design of each dental appliance finite element model is verified to be consistent with the stage target position of the dental appliance finite element model based on the finite element calculation result; the process correcting stage comprises a stage initial dental finite element model and a stage target dental finite element model. The stage initial dental finite element model is an initial dental finite element model of a certain stage, and the stage target dental finite element model is a target dental finite element model of a certain stage.
Therefore, the tooth correcting process can be divided into a plurality of process correcting stages, and a dental appliance finite element model of each stage is designed and verified. Some patients are complicated in oral conditions or have great difficulty in correction, a long correction process is needed, if only one dental appliance is designed according to the final correction target of the patient, the patient can wear the dental appliance all the time in the long correction process, great pain can be brought to the patient in the initial stage of correction, the experience of the correction process is poor, in addition, for the tooth correction, the early-stage treatment effect is found to be the best, the patient for correcting the teeth is teenagers and adults, for the teenagers, under the condition of great correction degree, the period of correction therewith is long, the tolerance is poor, the medical compliance is reduced, and the influence on the correction result is great. And whether take place alveolar bone when the design to a series of appliances and rebuild and verify, the relative change of the dental appliance shape that produces when the alveolar bone is rebuild is as the target is rescued in the stage, a series of dental appliances are designed according to the target of final correction for the adjustment range in every correction stage is in patient's bearing range, both reach the purpose of correcting, still furthest alleviates patient's uncomfortable sense brought by joining in marriage the dental appliance, improve patient's the experience of correcting, help reaching the anticipated effect of correcting.
When a series of dental appliance finite element models are designed for a plurality of process correcting stages, the target position of any stage can be consistent with the pose of the corresponding stage target dental jaw finite element model. Because the designed dental appliance finite element model is related to the stage initial dental finite element model and the stage target dental finite element model, if the stage target dental finite element model is related to the target position, the dental appliance finite element model is also related to the target position, and the stage target dental finite element model is consistent with the stage target position pose, so that the verification tooth finite element model reaches the stage target position when the stage is finished.
When designing a series of finite element models of dental instruments, if the finite element model of the dental instrument at a certain stage is not verified, the finite element model of the dental instrument at the stage is redesigned, but for the finite element model of the dental instrument at the next stage at the stage, the first condition can be adjusted along with the adjustment of the stage, and the second condition can be adjusted when the finite element model of the dental instrument at the next stage is verified separately.
Referring to fig. 3, in the first case, as shown in steps S31 to S34, when the finite element model of the verification tooth reaches the new layout, if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone, the finite element model of the dental appliance at the current stage is considered to be consistent with the stage target position, the finite element model of the stage target dental appliance at the current stage is used as the stage initial dental finite element model at the next stage, and then the design of the finite element model of the dental appliance at the next stage is verified to be consistent with the stage target position based on the finite element calculation result. Verifying that the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone finite element model reaches the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold, which means verifying that the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone finite element model is equal to or greater than the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold.
And if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the alveolar bone does not reach the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone, redesigning the finite element model of the dental appliance at the stage, and repeating the steps of wearing, finite element calculation and verification until the design of the finite element model of the dental appliance at the stage is consistent with the stage target position.
Therefore, consistency verification of each stage is carried out in sequence, after the verification is passed, the stage target dental finite element model of the current stage is used as the stage initial dental finite element model of the next stage, once consistency verification of a certain stage is failed, the dental appliance finite element model of the stage can be redesigned, and a plurality of designed dental appliances are more suitable for the correction condition of each stage.
Referring to fig. 4, in the second case, as shown in steps S41 to S432, the design of the finite element model of each dental appliance is verified to be consistent with the stage target position thereof based on the finite element calculation result, and if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the alveolar bone is verified to reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction, the finite element model of the dental appliance currently verified is considered to be consistent with the stage target position thereof; and if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verified alveolar bone does not reach the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone, redesigning the finite element model of the currently verified dental instrument so that the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verified alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone, and redesigning the finite element model of the designed dental jaw to be the redesign of the finite element model of the designed dental jaw.
Like this, verify alone a plurality of dental instrument finite element models designed, if certain dental instrument finite element model does not pass the uniformity and verify, then redesign this dental instrument finite element model, the benefit can verify a plurality of dental instrument finite element models simultaneously, redesign alone to the dental instrument finite element model that does not pass the uniformity and verify, later verify again, all dental instrument finite element models after need not all to design all do again verify, verify efficiently.
In some embodiments, verifying the tooth finite element model may include verifying a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the tooth finite element model, verifying the periodontal ligament finite element model may include verifying a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the periodontal ligament finite element model, and verifying the alveolar bone finite element model may include verifying a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the alveolar bone finite element model.
Referring to fig. 5, the acquisition method for verifying the geometric model of the finite element model of periodontal ligament may include steps S51 to S53.
Step S51: a plurality of first layer fiducials verifying a geometric model of the periodontal ligament finite element model is generated from the geometric model verifying the tooth finite element model.
Step S52: respectively extending each first-layer datum point outwards to obtain a plurality of second-layer datum points; wherein the direction in which the root portion is directed to the alveolar bone around the root portion is outward.
Step S53: a geometric model of the verification periodontal ligament finite element model outside the geometric model of the verification tooth finite element model is generated using the plurality of first layer fiducial points and the plurality of second layer fiducial points.
The generated geometric model verifying the periodontal ligament finite element model may be between 0.2 and 0.3 mm thick and split into elements for finite element calculations, e.g. tetrahedrons.
In the generated geometric model of the finite element model of periodontal ligament, the first layer of reference points may be located on a surface of the geometric model of the finite element model of periodontal ligament, and the second layer of reference points may be formed to extend in a direction of alveolar bone along the surface of the geometric model of the finite element model of periodontal ligament.
Thus, as long as the digital geometric model of the tooth is input, the first layer reference points can be determined according to the first layer reference points, the second layer reference points can be obtained by extending the first layer reference points, and the geometric model of the periodontal ligament finite element model is generated by utilizing the two layers of reference points.
The method for acquiring the geometric model for verifying the periodontal ligament finite element model greatly improves the efficiency, and has small calculation amount and high generation speed. By combining the above contents, the stress analysis can be better performed on the alveolar bone in the orthodontic treatment, and a foundation can be more accurately provided for the design, preparation and verification of the dental appliance, so that the dental appliance after the design, preparation and verification is closer to the correction plan, and the correction effect of a patient is ensured.
Referring to FIG. 6, step S52 may include steps S61-S62.
Step S61: and respectively acquiring outward normal vectors of each first-layer reference point.
Step S62: and respectively extending each first layer reference point along the outward normal vector of each first layer reference point to obtain a plurality of second layer reference points.
Therefore, the first-layer reference points extend outwards along the respective normal directions by taking the root parts as starting points, and the condition that the extension routes of different reference points intersect can be avoided as much as possible relative to the condition that the first-layer reference points extend along the respective arbitrary directions, so that the subsequent calculation is facilitated.
Wherein, the step S61 may include: taking a plurality of first-layer reference points as vertexes of a digital triangular patch mesh, and for each vertex, calculating a normal vector v' outward of the vertex by using normal vectors of a plurality of digital triangular patches formed by vertex-ring neighborhood points:
the number n is the number of the digital triangular patches with the first layer of reference points as vertexes, and the number n is a positive integer greater than 1; i is a positive integer no greater than n; a. theiThe area of the ith triangular patch taking the first layer of reference point as a vertex; v. ofiAnd the outward normal vector of the ith triangular patch taking the first layer reference point as a vertex. In this way, the normal vectors of the first-layer reference points as vertices are calculated by using the normal vectors of the plurality of digitized triangular patches composed of one ring of neighborhood points in the digitized triangular patch mesh.
The type of constitutive model that verifies the periodontal ligament finite element model may be a superelasticity V-W model or a superelasticity Yeoh model. Thus, the superelasticity V-W model and the superelasticity Yeoh model can be used as the constitutive model of the finite element model of the periodontal ligament to simulate the mechanical behavior of the periodontal ligament, and the superelasticity model is closer to the actual periodontal ligament than the linear elasticity model.
The type of constitutive model for both the verification tooth finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model may be a linear elastic model. The linear elastic model has small computation amount and high computation efficiency, and compared with the situation that the tooth and alveolar bone constitutive model selects the super-elastic model or the visco-elastic model, the computation amount can be greatly reduced, and the computation efficiency is improved.
Referring to FIG. 7, the method for verifying the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone finite element model includes steps S71 to S72.
Step S71: and selecting boundary conditions of the finite element model of the verification jaw by using the finite element model of the dental instrument, wherein the boundary conditions of the finite element model of the verification jaw comprise the posture change and/or the load of the finite element model of the verification jaw. This step takes into account the effects of the dental instrument on changes in the pose of the dental jaw and/or the loads experienced.
The load may include a point load, a line load, a surface load, or a body load. Thus, no matter the point, line, surface or body is stressed, the stress analysis can be carried out by using the method provided by the invention.
Step S72: and carrying out nonlinear finite element calculation by utilizing the finite element model of the verification jaw and boundary conditions of the finite element model of the verification jaw to obtain stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone. This step takes into account whether or not the alveolar bone has been remodeled in relation to stress distribution data of the alveolar bone.
Thus, with the posture change and/or the load applied by the dental instrument worn on the jaw as boundary conditions, the finite element calculation is the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone considering the dental instrument.
When the nonlinear finite element calculation is carried out on the verification dental jaw finite element model, an incremental method can be adopted. The nonlinear problem cannot be solved by equation calculation of a single system, and therefore, it can be solved by an incremental method, applying a given load step by step and solving until a final solution is obtained.
Thus, with the posture change and/or the load applied by the dental instrument worn on the jaw as boundary conditions, the finite element calculation is the stress distribution data of the alveolar bone considering the dental instrument.
Referring to fig. 8, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a dental instrument design apparatus, which includes a model module 81, a calculation module 82, and a verification module 83. The model module 81 is connected to the calculation module 82 and the verification module 83, and the calculation module 82 is further connected to the verification module 83.
The model module 81 is used to:
acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model;
acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model;
obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein, designing the dental jaw finite element model comprises designing a tooth finite element model and designing an alveolar bone finite element model;
establishing a verification dental finite element model, wherein the verification dental finite element model is established based on the initial dental finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model.
The calculation module 82 is configured to: wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification dental jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least acquiring stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and acquiring: and verifying the new layout of the tooth finite element model under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model.
The verification module 83 is configured to: verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the alveolar bone reaches the threshold value of the reconstruction of the alveolar bone when the finite element model of the tooth is verified to reach the new layout, the finite element model of the dental appliance is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the tooth to be verified does not reach the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction when the finite element model of the tooth to be verified reaches the new layout, redesigning the finite element model of the dental appliance so as to enable the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the tooth to reach the threshold value of the alveolar bone reconstruction.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the dental instrument, which is used for preparing the dental instrument by adopting any one of the design methods of the dental instrument, wherein the preparation of the dental instrument is carried out when the finite element model of the dental instrument designed by the design method of the dental instrument is consistent with the target position, and the preparation method is a hot press molding method or a 3D printing method. Therefore, the dental appliance can be prepared by adopting the virtual design scheme verified by the consistency, and the prepared dental appliance is more reasonable and is fit with the intraoral condition and the expected correction plan of the patient.
The preparation method of the hot press molding comprises the following steps: 3D printing is carried out on a series of designed digital dental models to prepare an entity dental model, after cleaning and ultraviolet curing, a membrane is heated and then is hot-pressed on the entity dental model to be molded, and then steps of marking, cutting, polishing, cleaning and the like are carried out on the molded product, so that a series of dental instruments are finally prepared.
The 3D printing method comprises the following steps: the designed series of digital dental instrument models are directly printed and prepared.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, and the processor executes computer instructions stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the design method of any dental instrument.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer storage medium including computer instructions, which, when run on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any one of the above dental appliance design methods.
The foregoing description and drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, which is, therefore, to the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (21)
1. A method of designing a dental instrument, comprising:
acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model;
acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model;
obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein the design jaw finite element model comprises a design tooth finite element model and a design alveolar bone finite element model;
establishing a verification jaw finite element model, wherein the verification jaw finite element model is established based on the initial jaw finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model;
wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least obtaining stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and obtaining: under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model reaches a new layout;
verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; wherein if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the dental appliance finite element model is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model so as to enable the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model to reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of design dental finite element models are obtained based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and a plurality of corresponding dental appliance finite element models are obtained according to the plurality of design dental finite element models; the dental appliance finite element models enable the dental jaw to gradually change from an initial position to a target position through a plurality of process correction stages, and the design of each dental appliance finite element model is verified to be consistent with the stage target position of the dental appliance finite element model based on the finite element calculation result; the process correcting stage comprises a stage initial dental finite element model and a stage target dental finite element model.
3. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 2, wherein any of the stage target positions coincides with the pose of the stage target finite element model to which it corresponds.
4. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 2, wherein the layout that occurs when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout is: the target positions of two adjacent stages are consistent or different.
5. The method of designing a dental instrument as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the finite element model of the verification tooth reaches the new layout, if the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone reaches the threshold of alveolar bone reconstruction, the finite element model of the dental instrument at the current stage is considered to be consistent with the stage target position thereof, and the finite element model of the dental instrument at the current stage is used as the stage initial finite element model at the next stage, and then the design of the finite element model of the dental instrument at the next stage is verified to be consistent with the stage target position thereof based on the finite element calculation result.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the finite element model design of each dental appliance is verified to be consistent with its stage target position based on the finite element calculation result, and if the stress distribution data of the verified alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction, the dental appliance finite element model currently verified is considered to be consistent with its stage target position; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model which is verified currently, so that the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the alveolar bone reconstruction threshold, and redesigning the dental appliance finite element model into the redesign of a single design dental finite element model.
7. A method of designing a dental instrument according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the initial tooth finite element model and the verification tooth finite element model are identical, and the initial alveolar bone finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are identical.
8. The method of designing a dental instrument according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the layout changes that occur when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout include changes in pose of the verification tooth finite element model or changes in layout that occur when subjected to a load.
9. A method of designing a dental instrument according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the threshold value for alveolar bone reconstruction is a critical stress value triggering alveolar bone reconstruction; and when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are all in a temporary stable state, and the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model when alveolar bone reconstruction is in the temporary stable state is larger than the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction and is generated when the stress distribution data is maintained for a certain time.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the threshold for alveolar bone reconstruction is 4500-.
11. The method of designing a dental instrument of any one of claims 1-6, wherein one or more of a single step movement amount of the dental instrument finite element model design, a rotation angle of a tooth, a thickness of the dental instrument finite element model, and a material of the dental instrument finite element model are adjusted when the dental instrument finite element model is redesigned.
12. The method of designing a dental instrument according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the verification tooth finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model comprises a type of a geometric model and a constitutive model of the verification alveolar bone finite element model;
the method for acquiring the stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone comprises the following steps:
selecting boundary conditions of a verification dental finite element model by using the dental instrument finite element model, wherein the boundary conditions of the verification dental finite element model comprise pose changes and/or loads of the verification dental finite element model;
and carrying out nonlinear finite element calculation by using the finite element model of the verification jaw and boundary conditions of the finite element model of the verification jaw to obtain stress distribution data of the finite element model of the verification alveolar bone.
13. A method of designing a dental instrument according to claim 12, wherein the constitutive model verifying periodontal ligament finite element model is of a type of superelastic V-W model or superelastic Yeoh model.
14. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 12, wherein the type of the constitutive models of the verification tooth finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model are both linear elastic models.
15. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 12, wherein said method of obtaining a geometric model that verifies a finite element model of periodontal ligament comprises:
generating a plurality of first layer fiducials of the geometric model of the verified periodontal ligament finite element model from the geometric model of the verified tooth finite element model;
respectively extending each first-layer datum point outwards to obtain a plurality of second-layer datum points; wherein the direction from the root portion to the alveolar bone around the root portion is outward;
generating a geometric model of the verification periodontal ligament finite element model outside the geometric model of the verification tooth finite element model using the plurality of first layer reference points and the plurality of second layer reference points.
16. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 12, wherein the load comprises a point load, a line load, a face load, or a body load.
17. A method of designing a dental instrument as in claim 12, wherein the validation jaw finite element model is incrementally computed for non-linear finite element calculations.
18. A dental instrument design apparatus, comprising:
a model module to:
acquiring an initial dental finite element model, wherein the initial dental finite element model comprises an initial tooth finite element model and an initial alveolar bone finite element model;
acquiring a target dental finite element model, wherein the target dental finite element model comprises a target tooth finite element model and a target alveolar bone finite element model;
obtaining a designed dental finite element model based on the initial dental finite element model and the target dental finite element model, and obtaining a dental instrument finite element model according to the designed dental finite element model; wherein the design jaw finite element model comprises a design tooth finite element model and a design alveolar bone finite element model;
establishing a verification jaw finite element model, wherein the verification jaw finite element model is established based on the initial jaw finite element model, and comprises a verification tooth finite element model, a verification alveolar bone finite element model and a verification periodontal ligament finite element model; the verification tooth finite element model comprises a tooth root part covered by the verification periodontal ligament finite element model, and the verification alveolar bone finite element model covers the verification periodontal ligament finite element model;
a calculation module to:
wearing the dental instrument finite element model on the verification jaw finite element model, performing finite element calculation, at least obtaining stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model, and obtaining: under the combined action of the dental appliance finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model, the verification periodontal ligament finite element model and the verification alveolar bone finite element model, the verification tooth finite element model reaches a new layout;
a verification module to:
verifying the consistency of the dental instrument finite element model design and the target position based on the finite element calculation result; wherein if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model reaches the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, the dental appliance finite element model is considered to be consistent with the target position; and if the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model does not reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction when the verification tooth finite element model reaches the new layout, redesigning the dental appliance finite element model so as to enable the stress distribution data of the verification alveolar bone finite element model to reach the threshold value of alveolar bone reconstruction.
19. A method for manufacturing a dental device, comprising performing the method for designing a dental device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the method for manufacturing a dental device is performed when the finite element model of the dental device designed by the method for designing a dental device is consistent with the target position, and the method for manufacturing a dental device is a method of hot press molding or a method of 3D printing.
20. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the processor executing computer instructions stored by the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method of designing a dental instrument of any of claims 1 to 17.
21. A computer storage medium comprising computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method of designing a dental instrument of any of claims 1 to 17.
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