CN111272868A - Method for determining curvature coefficient for ultrasonic detection of composite material - Google Patents
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention is a method for determining curvature coefficient used for ultrasonic detection of composite material, the method is based on the characteristics of ultrasonic wave propagation and the geometrical characteristics of the curved surface composite material structure, and is provided according to the principles of ultrasonic detection and defect identification, and the determination of curvature coefficient considers the interference of ultrasonic signal change generated between the surface and the bottom surface of the curved surface composite material structure to be detected due to the curvature change of the composite material structure to the defect discrimination; the influence of the change of the incident sound wave on various geometric reflection behaviors caused by different curvature regions of the composite material on defect judgment during the ultrasonic detection of the curved surface composite material structure is considered; the method considers the change of the variable curvature of the composite material structure to the propagation behavior of the incident sound wave in the composite material and the influence on the defect judgment of the variable curvature area, carries out the defect judgment based on the curvature coefficient, and is more suitable for the ultrasonic detection and the quality evaluation of the curved surface composite material structure, thereby being more beneficial to improving the accuracy of the ultrasonic detection of the curved surface composite material structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for determining a curvature coefficient for ultrasonic detection of a composite material, belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection, and is used for ultrasonic detection of a curved surface composite material structure.
Background
The composite material has been widely applied in many engineering fields such as aviation, building, traffic and the like, and in the engineering, most composite material structures show different curved surface characteristics to form curved surface composite material structures, so that the parts with different curvatures have enough bearing capacity, the using amount of the composite material can be reduced, the weight of the composite material structure is reduced, the cost of composite material parts is reduced, and meanwhile, the composite material can be processed into various products or structures. Most of the composite material structures adopted in the prior engineering have curved surface geometric characteristics, which are called curved surface composite material structures for short, and in order to ensure the quality and safe service of the curved surface composite material structures, full-coverage nondestructive detection is generally required to be carried out on the curved surface composite material structures. The ultrasonic detection method mainly comprises the step of judging defects according to ultrasonic signals and changes of the ultrasonic signals from the surface and the bottom surface of the detected composite material.
In the ultrasonic detection process of the curved surface composite material structure, curvature changes of different composite material structure parts are different, so that a geometrically nonparallel ultrasonic propagation interface, which is referred to as a curvature interface for short, can be formed between the surface and the bottom surface of the detected composite material structure, the curvature interface can obviously influence the propagation behavior of incident sound waves in the composite material structure, influence the receiving and indication of ultrasonic detection signals, cause extra loss of the ultrasonic signals, influence the judgment of defects, and easily cause missing detection, so that the correctness and the detection reliability of detection results are influenced, and the larger the curvature change of the detected composite material structure is, the more serious the influence is caused. An improved method is to make a given amplitude compensation to the detected signal from the curved surface composite material properly by referring to the curvature change of the detected curved surface composite material structure, but because of the complexity of the curved surface composite material structure and its interior, the diversity of the geometric characteristic change caused by the curvature change and the unpredictability, etc., the curvature change of the incident sound wave will be different at different positions of the curved surface composite material structure, thereby possibly generating different degrees of influence, different curvature areas, the influence degree of the curvature change to the ultrasonic signal will be different, besides, the influence caused by the geometric characteristic change of the curved surface composite material structure in the curvature direction is hard to be considered by a single and simple amplitude compensation method. If the curved surface composite material structure is abstracted into ultrasonic big data, each detection position point corresponds to an ultrasonic data point, the ultrasonic data is mapped to the surface of the composite material structure in different curvature areas, the change of the curvature of each detection position point is necessarily related to the curvature of the position point, the ultrasonic data from each given position in the curvature-variable area is measured and recorded, the data is reconstructed by a reasonable method, ultrasonic signals such as surface reflection signals, bottom reflection signals or penetrating signals which reflect the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the curvature area are separated from the ultrasonic data, corresponding ultrasonic characteristic signal parameters are obtained, then, the ultrasonic detection parameters of the curvature area are constructed based on the acoustic principle of ultrasonic detection and defect criterion, and the ultrasonic characteristic parameters which reflect the change of the composite material structure are obtained by constructing the ultrasonic signals of the plane composite materials with different thicknesses and the curved surface composite material structure, and obtaining an ultrasonic curvature operator reflecting curvature from the ultrasonic characteristic parameters, and obtaining a more representative ultrasonic curvature operator by using a limited curved surface composite material test block according to the structure of the curved surface composite material to be detected, wherein the more representative ultrasonic curvature operator is used for compensating an ultrasonic detection signal of the curved surface composite material structure to perform ultrasonic detection on the curved surface composite material. Since the ultrasonic curvature operator reflects the change of the ultrasonic signal caused by the curvature change in the whole composite material structure, various conditions possibly existing in different curvature areas are fully considered. Therefore, the method has representativeness and accuracy, can reflect ultrasonic signal change caused by geometric and physical characteristics of the composite material structure in the curvature area, is further favorable for ultrasonic detection and defect detection of the curved surface composite material structure, reduces the defect omission ratio, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the ultrasonic detection result of the curved surface composite material structure.
The prior art is not enough:
in the ultrasonic scanning detection method of the composite material structure adopted at present, defect judgment is mainly carried out according to ultrasonic echo signals or projection size and bottom wave size between the surface and the bottom surface of the detected composite material, and the method has the main defects that: (1) due to the change of the curvature of the composite material, the reflection or transmission of incident sound waves on the surface and the bottom surface of the detected composite material is changed, so that the loss of ultrasonic receiving signals is caused, the judgment of defects is influenced, missing detection is easy to generate, the correctness of a detection result is interfered, and the reliability of the detection result is influenced; (2) although a relatively complex scanning mechanism is adopted, the incident direction of the sound wave of the ultrasonic transducer is as consistent as possible with the direction of the current detection point of the curved surface composite material structure to be detected, because of the complexity of the curved surface composite material structure and the internal complexity thereof, the diversity of the geometric characteristic change caused by the curvature change, the unpredictability and the like, the curvature change of the incident sound wave at different position points of the curved surface composite material structure is different, thereby possibly generating different degrees of influence, the influence degree of the curvature change on the ultrasonic signal is different in different curvature areas, and the influence of the geometric characteristic change of the curved surface composite material structure in the curvature direction on the transmission/reception of the ultrasonic signal is difficult to completely solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining a curvature coefficient for ultrasonic detection of a composite material, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aiming at ultrasonic detection of a curved surface composite material structure, the invention provides a curvature coefficient psi for ultrasonic detection of a curved surface composite material structurecThe method is used for the clarification treatment of the ultrasonic scanning detection result of the curved surface composite material structure, the missing detection is prevented, and the defect detection rate and the accuracy and reliability of the ultrasonic detection are improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for determining the curvature coefficient for ultrasonic detection of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method for determining the curvature coefficient comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing differentA planar test block 1 of thickness HiI 1, 2.. said, m; minimum thickness H of test block 1minIntermediate thickness HmidMaximum thickness HmaxRespectively the same as the minimum, middle and maximum thickness of the part to be detected, and measuring the ultrasonic signal of each test block 1 according to the same measuring track and measuring parameters, wherein the ultrasonic measuring signal is uijExpressed, j is the number of ultrasonic measurement signals, j 1, 2. Then calculating the ultrasonic measurement signal u for each plane test block 1ijAn arithmetic mean of
Express, and plot HiAnd
the relationship curve of (1);
step two, preparing a thickness of HiDifferent radius of curvature rlThe curved surface test block 2, wherein l represents the number of different curvature radiuses, and l is more than or equal to 3, and the minimum curved surface radius r in the curved surface of the curved surface test block 2minMiddle radius of curvature rmidMaximum radius of curvature rmaxRespectively the same as the minimum, middle and maximum curvature radius of the part to be detected, measuring the ultrasonic signal of each curved surface test block 2 according to the same measurement track and measurement parameters as those in the step one, and then calculating the ultrasonic measurement signal v of each curved surface test block 2ijAn arithmetic mean of
Represents;
step three, according to the principle of taking the same curvature radius and the same thickness, according to the H drawn in the step oneiAnd
curve, calculation
And
to obtain the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psi corresponding to different curvature radiusescAnd drawing the curvature radius and the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psicThe relationship of (1).
In one implementation, the material of the test block 1 is the same as the composite material of the part to be inspected.
In one implementation, the number of test blocks 1 is no less than 5.
In one implementation, the ultrasonic measurement trajectory and measurement parameters are the same as the inspection requirements of the part to be inspected.
In one implementation, the ultrasonic measurement trajectory and measurement parameters include measurement trajectory path and measurement point calibration.
In one implementation, the material of the curved test block 2 is the same as the composite material of the part to be inspected.
In one implementation, the thickness gradient between test blocks 1 of different thicknesses is 2 mm.
In one implementation, in the ultrasonic measurement track and the measurement parameter, the measurement track is in a scanning mode, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, and the measurement parameter is that the distance between adjacent measurement points is 2 mm.
The invention provides a curvature operator determining method for ultrasonic detection of a composite material structure based on the characteristics of ultrasonic propagation and the geometric characteristics of a curved surface composite material structure and according to the principles of ultrasonic detection and defect identification, wherein the determination of the curvature operator takes the interference of ultrasonic signal change generated between the surface and the bottom surface of the detected curved surface composite material structure due to the curvature change of the composite material structure into consideration; the influence of the change of the incident sound wave on various geometric reflection behaviors caused by different curvature regions of the composite material on defect judgment during the ultrasonic detection of the curved surface composite material structure is considered; the influence of the variable curvature of the composite material structure on the change of the propagation behavior of the incident sound wave in the composite material and the defect judgment of the variable curvature area is considered. The method is based on the curvature operator to judge the defects, and is more suitable for ultrasonic detection and quality evaluation of the curved surface composite material structure, so that the method is more favorable for improving the accuracy of ultrasonic detection of the curved surface composite material structure and improving the accuracy and reliability of a detection result of the curved surface composite material structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the shape of a planar test block 1 in the technical solution of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the curved surface test block 2 in the technical solution of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further detailed in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment:
the method for determining the curvature coefficient for ultrasonic detection of the composite material comprises the following steps: the method for determining the curvature coefficient comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing planar test blocks 1 with different thicknesses, wherein the thickness of each planar test block 1 is HiI 1, 2.. said, m; minimum thickness H of test block 1minIntermediate thickness HmidMaximum thickness HmaxRespectively the same as the minimum, middle and maximum thickness of the part to be detected, and measuring ultrasonic signals of each plane test block 1 according to the same measurement track and measurement parameters, wherein the ultrasonic measurement signals are uijExpressed, j is the number of ultrasonic measurement signals, j 1, 2. Then calculating the ultrasonic measurement signal u for each plane test block 1ijAn arithmetic mean of
Represents;
as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a CUS-6000 ultrasonic testing apparatus manufactured by middle aviation composite material llc is used to perform ultrasonic testing on a carbon fiber composite material wall plate with curved surface characteristics, the size of the curved surface composite material part is 1000 × 2200mm, the curvature radius is 5, the variation range of the curvature radius is 300-1000mm, the thickness range of the wall plate is 2-8mm, an ultrasonic reflection testing mode is used, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the data acquisition density is 2 × 2mm, m is 5, H is selectedi2, 4, 5, 6, 8mm, for 5 sets of the planar composite test pieces 1, each having a thickness of HiThe test block 1 carries out ultrasonic signal measurement to respectively obtain 80 groups of ultrasonic measurement signalsBy [ u ]j]iWhere i is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, j is 1, 2ijAveraging to obtain a sum HiAveraging the corresponding i groups by
Express, and plot HiAnd
a relation curve;
step two, as shown in FIG. 2, preparing a thickness of HiDifferent radius of curvature rlThe curved surface test block 2, wherein l represents the number of different curvature radiuses, and l is more than or equal to 3, and the minimum curved surface radius r in the curved surface of the curved surface test block 2minMiddle radius of curvature rmidMaximum radius of curvature rmaxThe minimum, middle and maximum radii of curvature of the part to be inspected are the same, and in this embodiment, l is 5, corresponding to a thickness HiThe curvature radius of the test piece with 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8mm curved surface is rl300, 400, 650, 800 and 1000mm5 groups, measuring the ultrasonic signal of each curved surface test block 2 according to the same measuring track and measuring parameters as the step one, and then calculating the ultrasonic measuring signal v of each curved surface test block 2ijAn arithmetic mean of
Represents;
step three, according to the principle of taking the same curvature radius and the same thickness, according to the H drawn in the step oneiAnd
curve, calculation
And
to obtain the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psi corresponding to different curvature radiusescAnd drawingRadius of curvature and ultrasonic curvature coefficient psicThe relationship of (1).
The curvature radius and the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psicThe relation curve is imported into an CUJ-6000 ultrasonic detection system, ultrasonic detection and evaluation of the curved-surface carbon fiber composite part are completed, 5 layers with the diameter of 3mm of the layers with the distance of 1 layer from the near surface and the layers with the middle thickness of the curved-surface composite part can be detected very clearly, while the conventional ultrasonic method without importing an ultrasonic curvature operator is adopted for detection, 5 layer defects of the layers with the distance of 1 layer from the near surface are difficult to detect clearly, and after the ultrasonic curvature operator is imported, the ultrasonic detection result is clearer, and evaluation and defect judgment of the detection result are facilitated.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials, characterized by: the method for determining the curvature coefficient comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing planar test blocks (1) with different thicknesses, wherein the thickness of each test block is HiI 1, 2.. said, m; minimum thickness H of test block (1)minIntermediate thickness HmidMaximum thickness HmaxRespectively the same as the minimum, middle and maximum thickness of the part to be detected, and measuring ultrasonic signals of each plane test block (1) according to the same measurement track and measurement parameters, wherein the ultrasonic measurement signals are uijExpressed, j is the number of ultrasonic measurement signals, j 1, 2. Then, an ultrasonic measurement signal u for each planar test block (1) is calculatedijAn arithmetic mean of
Express, and plot HiAnd
the curve of (d);
step two, preparing a thickness of HiDifferent radius of curvature rlThe curved surface test block (2) is provided, wherein l represents the number of different curvature radiuses, and l is more than or equal to 3, and the minimum curved surface in the curved surface of the curved surface test block (2)Radius rminMiddle radius of curvature rmidMaximum radius of curvature rmaxRespectively the same as the minimum, middle and maximum curvature radius of the part to be detected, measuring the ultrasonic signal of each curved surface test block (2) according to the same measurement track and measurement parameters as those in the step one, and then calculating the ultrasonic measurement signal v of each curved surface test block (2)ijAn arithmetic mean of
Represents;
step three, according to the principle of taking the same curvature radius and the same thickness, according to the H drawn in the step oneiAnd
curve, calculation
And
to obtain the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psi corresponding to different curvature radiusescAnd drawing the curvature radius and the ultrasonic curvature coefficient psicThe relationship of (1).
2. The method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the plane test block (1) is the same as the composite material of the part to be detected.
3. The method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the plane test blocks (1) is not less than 5.
4. The method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic measurement track and the measurement parameters are the same as the detection requirements of the part to be detected.
5. The method for determining a curvature coefficient for ultrasonic inspection of composite materials according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the ultrasonic measurement track and the measurement parameters comprise a measurement track path and measurement point calibration.
6. The method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the curved surface test block (2) is the same as the composite material of the part to be detected.
7. The method for determining curvature coefficients for ultrasonic testing of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness gradient between test blocks (1) of different thicknesses is 2 mm.
8. The method for determining a curvature coefficient for ultrasonic inspection of composite materials according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: in the ultrasonic measurement track and the measurement parameters, the measurement track is in a scanning mode, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, and the measurement parameters are that the distance between adjacent measurement points is 2 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112763583A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-05-07 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Calibration block for ultrasonic phased array sector scanning and manufacturing and using methods |
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