CN111272702A - Abbe refractometer standard block and its setting method - Google Patents
Abbe refractometer standard block and its setting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111272702A CN111272702A CN202010193907.XA CN202010193907A CN111272702A CN 111272702 A CN111272702 A CN 111272702A CN 202010193907 A CN202010193907 A CN 202010193907A CN 111272702 A CN111272702 A CN 111272702A
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- cylindrical surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/4133—Refractometers, e.g. differential
Abstract
The invention relates to an Abbe refractometer standard block and a definite value method thereof, belonging to the technical field of test, wherein the Abbe refractometer standard block is made of optical glass material with the refractive index of 1.3-1.7, the standard block is cylindrical and comprises at least three plane cylindrical surfaces vertical to the same plane, the included angle theta between a first plane cylindrical surface (1) and a second plane cylindrical surface (2) is 89 degrees 59 '-90 degrees 1', the included angle β between a third plane cylindrical surface and a second plane cylindrical surface (3) is 22.5-67.5 degrees, and the three plane cylindrical surfaces are polished surfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an Abbe refractometer standard block and a value setting method thereof, belongs to the technical field of testing, relates to an Abbe refractometer calibration technology, and further relates to an Abbe refractometer standard block refractive index measurement technology.
Background
The Abbe refractometer is based on the light refraction principle, adopts a critical angle method to measure the refractive index of solid or liquid, has a measuring range of 1.3-1.7 generally, and is mainly used for detection and analysis of petroleum, food, chemical industry, sugar manufacturing, pharmacy, beverage and scientific research and teaching departments.
According to the verification procedure of the JJG625 Abbe refractometer, four cuboid structures of QK1, K9, F2 and KF2 are adopted, the side lengths are not less than 11mm and 15mm respectively, and the refractive index indication error and repeatability of the Abbe refractometer are calibrated by Abbe refraction standard blocks with adjacent polished surfaces having an included angle of 90 degrees +/-1'.
Through calculation, for a 90-degree right-angled prism, the theoretical maximum value of the refractive index measured by adopting a minimum deviation angle method is 1.414214, the theoretical maximum value of the refractive index measured by adopting an auto-collimation method is 1, and the measurement range of the refractive index of an Abbe refractometer from 1.3 to 1.7 cannot be met; the JJG981 Abbe refractometer standard block calibration regulation specifies that a V-prism refractometer is adopted to measure the refractive index of a standard block, when the refractive index is fixed, a V-prism with the refractive index not more than +/-0.2 of the standard block to be measured is selected, the instrument is calibrated by means of a refraction liquid with the refractive index not more than +/-0.01 of the V-prism, and then the Abbe refractometer is fixed by means of the refraction liquid with the refractive index not more than +/-0.015 of the standard block to be measured.
According to the JJG981 Abbe refractometer standard block verification procedure, when the V-prism refractometer is used for calibrating the Abbe refractometer standard block, the method is a test result under ideal conditions that the incident angle is 45 degrees, the included angles of the V-prism base and the standard block are both 90 degrees, the opposite surfaces of the V-prism base are parallel, the refractive indexes are uniform and the like, so that the error is large (more than or equal to 3E-5) during actual measurement of the instrument; in addition, during zero setting and measurement of the instrument, refraction liquids with different refractive indexes are selected according to a measured sample, when the refraction liquid is replaced, a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and ethyl ether is used for removing light passing surfaces of the V prism base and the Abbe refractometer standard block, and then the corresponding refraction liquid is coated, so that the operation is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at a method for fixing the value of the Abbe refractometer standard block, and realizes the value fixing of the Abbe refractometer standard block by a minimum deviation angle method and an auto-collimation method by changing the structure of the standard block.
The standard block of the Abbe refractometer is made of optical glass materials with the refractive index of 1.3-1.7, and is characterized in that the standard block is cylindrical and comprises at least three plane cylindrical surfaces perpendicular to the same plane, the included angle theta between a first plane cylindrical surface (1) and a second plane cylindrical surface (2) is 89-59-90 degrees 1', the included angle β between a third plane cylindrical surface and the second plane cylindrical surface (3) is 22.5-67.5 degrees, and the three plane cylindrical surfaces are polished surfaces.
Further, the first and second planar cylindrical surfaces have a width A, B of not less than 11mm and a prism length L of not less than 15 mm.
The angle β in the present invention is preferably 60, which allows for some tolerance.
In the case where the above three planes satisfy the aforementioned requirements, the other planes of the present invention have no particular requirements, but a prism is generally used. For example, the cylinder can be a quadrangular cylinder, and the fourth plane cylinder is parallel to the second plane cylinder; alternatively, the cylinder is a triangular prism.
The above method for determining the value of the abbe refractometer standard block may use a minimum deviation angle method, in which one of the first planar cylindrical surface and the second planar cylindrical surface of the standard block and the third planar cylindrical surface are respectively used as an incident surface and an exit surface, the refractive index of the standard block is calculated according to formula (1), and the measurement deviation is evaluated according to formula (2):
in the formula: n- -refractive index of standard block;
delta-the angle between the outgoing light and the incoming light;
gamma is the included angle between the cylindrical surface of the incident plane and the cylindrical surface of the emergent plane, when the cylindrical surface of the first plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is α, and when the cylindrical surface of the second plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is β.
The above method for determining the value of the abbe refractometer standard block may also use an autocollimation method, in which the refractive index of the standard block is calculated according to formula (3) with the third plane cylindrical surface of the standard block as an incident surface and one of the first plane cylindrical surface and the second plane cylindrical surface as a reflecting surface, and the measurement deviation is evaluated according to formula (4):
in the formula: n- -refractive index of standard block;
i- -incident angle;
The above method for fixing the abbe refractometer standard block may also use V-prism refractometer to fix the value according to the regulation of JJG981 abbe refractometer standard block verification.
In addition, the standard block in the invention can also be fixed by using a V-prism refractometer, and two vertical surfaces of the standard block are matched with a V-shaped base of the V-prism refractometer to fix the value of the standard block.
The invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects: the standard block can be fixed by a minimum deviation angle method, an auto-collimation method and a V-prism refractometer respectively, so that the problem that the standard block of the Abbe refractometer with the cuboid structure can only be fixed by the V-prism refractometer is solved; the Abbe refractometer standard block is subjected to constant value by adopting a minimum deviation angle method and an auto-collimation method, so that various factors influencing the standard block indication value, such as the incident angle deviation, the right angle deviation of a V prism base and a sample, the opposite surface parallelism deviation and the refractive index consistency deviation of the V prism base, the refractive index deviation of refraction liquid, the V prism base and the standard block, and the like during constant value of the V prism refractometer can be eliminated, and the measurement deviation is respectively improved to 5.1E-06 and 1.5E-05 from 3E-5; and the complicated process of frequently replacing the refraction liquid can be avoided, and the setting time is shortened by more than 3 times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an end view of a first embodiment of a standard block of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end view of a second embodiment of a standard block of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating minimum deviation angle method according to a first embodiment of the standard block method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating minimum deviation angle method according to a first embodiment of the standard block method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating minimum deviation angle method according to a first embodiment of the standard block method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating minimum deviation angle method according to a first embodiment of the method for determining a standard block value of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating auto-collimation method of a second embodiment of the standard block method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a third embodiment of a standard block of the present invention;
the prism comprises a first plane cylindrical surface, a second plane cylindrical surface, a third plane cylindrical surface, a fourth plane cylindrical surface, a prism base, a standard block, an incoming (outgoing) ray, a prism base, a third plane cylindrical surface, a fourth plane cylindrical surface, a fifth plane cylindrical surface, a sixth.
Detailed Description
First embodiment of standard block:
the first planar cylindrical surface 1 is perpendicular to the second planar cylindrical surface 2, and the included angle thereof is allowed to be ± 1', that is, the included angle θ is in the range of 89 ° 59 ' -90 ° 1 '. the included angle β between the second planar cylindrical surface 2 and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 is any angle between 22.5 ° 67.5 °, for example:
22.5 °, 27 °, 30 °, 35 °, 40 °, 45 °, 50 °, 55 °, 65 °, 67.5 °, preferably 60 °, the included angle α between the first planar cylinder 1 and the third planar cylinder 3 is determined by the inner angle of the triangle and can be directly determined, in the three planar cylinders of the present embodiment, part or all of the adjacent planar cylinders can be directly connected, when part or all of the three adjacent planar cylinders are connected by other planes perpendicular to the end, the present embodiment forms a polygon prism, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first planar cylinder 1 and the third planar cylinder 3 of the present embodiment are connected by the fourth planar cylinder 4 perpendicular to the end, so that the present embodiment forms a quadrangular prism, the included angle between the fourth planar cylinder 4 and the first planar cylinder 1 and the third planar cylinder 3, respectively, is not particularly required, but in order to ensure that the refracted light is emitted by the specified planar cylinder, the widths a and b of the first planar cylinder 1 and the second planar cylinder 2 of the present embodiment are not less than 11mm, such as 20mm, but in consideration of practicality, generally not more than 30mm, not more than 25mm, and generally not more than 25mm, and thus, in the case of the trapezoidal cylinder, the present embodiment, a trapezoidal cylinder is formed by a trapezoidal cylinder.
Standard block example two:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment is a cylinder, which has three planar cylinders perpendicular to the same plane (in the present embodiment, end faces thereof), and all of the three planar cylinders are polished faces, wherein the first planar cylinder 1 is perpendicular to the second planar cylinder 2, and the included angle thereof allows an error of ± 1', i.e., the included angle θ is in the range of 89 ° 59 ' -90 ° 1 '. the included angle β between the second planar cylinder 2 and the third planar cylinder 3 is any angle from 22.5 ° to 67.5 °, such as 25 °, 29 °, 32 °, 37 °, 42 °, 47 °, 52 °, 57 °, 62 °, 65 °, 67.5 °, and preferably 60 °, and the included angle α between the first planar cylinder 1 and the third planar cylinder 3 is determined directly according to the triangle inner angle and can be determined directly.
The value fixing method of the various standard blocks is as follows:
the first embodiment of the constant value method:
the method adopted by the embodiment is a minimum deviation angle method, wherein the standard block is the standard block shown in the first standard block embodiment or the second standard block embodiment. In this embodiment, one of the first planar cylindrical surface 1 or the second planar cylindrical surface 2 of the standard block and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 serve as an incident surface and an exit surface, respectively:
as shown in fig. 5, the rectangular prism-shaped standard block shown in the first standard block embodiment is used, and the first planar cylindrical surface 1 and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 are mutually used as a light incident surface or a light exit surface.
As shown in fig. 6, the rectangular prism-shaped standard block shown in the first standard block embodiment is used, and the second planar cylindrical surface 2 and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 are each a light incident surface or a light exit surface.
As shown in fig. 7, the standard block of a triangular prism shape shown in the second standard block embodiment is used, with the first planar cylindrical surface 1 and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 as a light incident surface or a light exit surface.
As shown in fig. 8, the standard block of a triangular prism shape shown in the second standard block embodiment is used, with the second planar cylindrical surface 2 and the third planar cylindrical surface 3 as a light incident surface or a light exit surface with each other.
In the present embodiment, the refractive index of the standard block is calculated according to formula (1), and the measurement deviation is evaluated according to formula (2):
in the formula: n- -refractive index of standard block;
delta-the angle between the outgoing light and the incoming light;
gamma is the included angle between the cylindrical surface of the incident plane and the cylindrical surface of the emergent plane, when the cylindrical surface of the first plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is α, and when the cylindrical surface of the second plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is β.
Example two of the constant value method:
in this embodiment, an auto-collimation method value is adopted, and the standard block is the standard block shown in the first standard block embodiment or the second standard block embodiment. In this embodiment, the third plane cylindrical surface 3 of the standard block is an incident surface, and one of the first plane cylindrical surface 1 and the second plane cylindrical surface 2 is a reflecting surface. As shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment gives a view of the fixed value of the quadrangular prism standard block, but the refraction and reflection form of the light is also applicable to the triangular prism standard block. In this embodiment, the third planar cylinder 3 is used as an incident surface, and the first planar cylinder 1 is used as a reflecting surface. According to the basic principle of refraction and reflection, the method of the present embodiment can be implemented by using the third planar cylinder 3 as the incident plane and the second planar cylinder 2 as the reflecting plane.
The refractive index of the standard block was calculated according to formula (3), and the measurement deviation was evaluated according to formula (4):
in the formula: n- -refractive index of standard block;
i- -incident angle;
Third example of the constant value method:
the present embodiment uses a V-prism refractometer for calibration, where the standard block is the standard block 7 shown in the first standard block embodiment or the second standard block embodiment. In this embodiment, the second plane cylindrical surface 2 of the standard block 7 is an incident surface, and the first plane cylindrical surface 1 is an exit surface. As shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment gives a view of the value setting of the quadrangular prism standard block 7, in which the prisms 5, 6 constitute a V-shaped base, and two surfaces of the V-shape are perpendicular. And when the value is determined, after two vertical surfaces of the standard block 7 are matched with two surfaces of the V-shaped base formed by the V prisms 5 and 6, the value is determined according to the standard block verification procedure of the JJG981 Abbe refractometer.
The light refraction and reflection of this embodiment are also applicable to the triangular prism standard block of the second embodiment of the standard block. In this embodiment, the second planar cylindrical surface 2 is used as an incident surface, and the first planar cylindrical surface 1 is used as an exit surface. According to the basic principle of refraction and reflection, in the specific operation, the V-prism refractometer constant value method can be implemented by taking the first plane cylindrical surface 1 as an incident surface and the second plane cylindrical surface 2 as an emergent surface.
Claims (8)
1. The standard block of the Abbe refractometer is made of an optical glass material with the refractive index of 1.3-1.7, and is characterized in that the standard block is cylindrical and comprises at least three plane cylindrical surfaces perpendicular to the same plane, the included angle theta between a first plane cylindrical surface (1) and a second plane cylindrical surface (2) is 89-59-90 degrees 1', the included angle β between a third plane cylindrical surface and the second plane cylindrical surface (3) is 22.5-67.5 degrees, and the three plane cylindrical surfaces are polished surfaces.
2. The abbe refractometer standard block of claim 1, wherein: the widths (a) and (b) of the first plane cylindrical surface (1) and the second plane cylindrical surface (2) are not less than 11mm, and the length L of the prism is not less than 15 mm.
3. The Abbe refractometer standard block as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said included angle β is 60 °.
4. An abbe refractometer standard block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the prism is a quadrangular prism, and the fourth plane cylindrical surface (4) is parallel to the second plane cylindrical surface (2).
5. An abbe refractometer standard block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the prism is a triangular prism.
6. Method for using abbe refractometer calibration block according to any of claims 1-5, characterized by: the method is a minimum deviation angle method, one of a first plane cylindrical surface (1) or a second plane cylindrical surface (2) of a standard block and a third plane cylindrical surface (3) are respectively used as an incident surface and an emergent surface, the refractive index of the standard block is calculated according to a formula (1), and the measurement deviation is evaluated according to the formula (2):
in the formula: n- -refractive index indication of standard block;
delta-the angle between the outgoing light and the incoming light;
gamma is the included angle between the cylindrical surface of the incident plane and the cylindrical surface of the emergent plane, when the cylindrical surface of the first plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is α, and when the cylindrical surface of the second plane and the cylindrical surface of the third plane are mutually the incident plane and the emergent plane, gamma is β.
7. A method of using the Abbe refractometer calibration block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the method is an autocollimation method for setting a value, a third plane cylindrical surface of a standard block is taken as an incident surface, one plane cylindrical surface of a first plane cylindrical surface or a second plane cylindrical surface is taken as a reflecting surface, the refractive index of the standard block is calculated according to a formula (3), and the measurement deviation is evaluated according to a formula (4):
in the formula: n- -refractive index indication of standard block;
i- -incident angle;
8. A method of using the Abbe refractometer calibration block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and (3) using a V-prism refractometer to fix the value, and matching two vertical surfaces of the standard block with the V-shaped base of the V-prism to fix the value of the standard block.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112198138A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 丁海铭 | Automatic refractometer metering and calibrating device and using method thereof |
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