CN111272129A - Method for detecting contour line by using three-coordinate measuring machine - Google Patents

Method for detecting contour line by using three-coordinate measuring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111272129A
CN111272129A CN202010119541.1A CN202010119541A CN111272129A CN 111272129 A CN111272129 A CN 111272129A CN 202010119541 A CN202010119541 A CN 202010119541A CN 111272129 A CN111272129 A CN 111272129A
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contour line
coordinate
detected
detecting
points
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姚力军
潘杰
边逸军
王学泽
陈文庆
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Ningbo Jiangfeng Electronic Material Co Ltd
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Ningbo Jiangfeng Electronic Material Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/20Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting contour lines by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, which comprises the following steps: (1) fixing one coordinate of the three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected; (2) and (2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using data processing software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1). The method for detecting the contour line not only can accurately and effectively detect the contour line with the radius changing constantly, but also can save time and does not increase extra cost.

Description

Method for detecting contour line by using three-coordinate measuring machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-coordinate measuring machine detection, in particular to a method for detecting a contour line by using a three-coordinate measuring machine.
Background
The three-coordinate measuring machine is a device for automatically detecting the three-dimensional size of a product, and with the progress of computer technology and the development of electronic control systems and detection technology, a powerful technical support is provided for the development of the three-coordinate measuring machine towards high precision and high speed since the first three-coordinate measuring machine in the middle of sixties comes out. The three-coordinate measuring machine can replace various surface measuring tools and expensive combined gauges, reduces the time required by complex measuring tasks from hour to minute, is one of the most effective methods for measuring and obtaining dimension data at the present stage, and is widely used in the industries of machinery, electronics, instruments, plastics and the like.
The function of a coordinate measuring machine is to evaluate dimensional data quickly and accurately, providing the operator with useful information about the status of the production process, which is very different from all manual measuring devices. The measured object is placed in a three-coordinate measuring space, the coordinate positions of the measured points on the measured object can be obtained, the diameter, the angle, the distance and the like can be detected according to the space coordinate values of the points, and the geometric size, the shape and the position of the measured object can be calculated.
However, when the object to be measured has a contour line with a constantly changing radius and needs to be detected, the existing three-coordinate measuring software does not have a function of specially measuring the contour line, and if a diameter measuring method is adopted, a large measuring error is caused, so that the existing three-coordinate measuring software cannot meet the requirement of detecting the contour line with the constantly changing radius.
CN102980532A discloses a method for measuring large-caliber aspheric surface shape by splicing with a three-coordinate measuring machine, the measuring method includes: dividing the size of the detected large-caliber aspheric surface, wherein a region with one fourth of the adjacent sub-apertures is a coincidence region; measuring data of the first sub-aperture area by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, attaching three targets to the overlapping area, and measuring data of the targets by using the three-coordinate measuring instrument; adjusting the position of the detected large-caliber aspheric surface, and measuring the data of the three targets again by adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument; removing the three targets to obtain surface shape data of a second sub-aperture area; and (3) unifying the reference of the two apertures by adopting an iterative algorithm, solving a splicing factor, and if a plurality of sub-apertures exist, realizing the detection of the surface shape of the large-aperture aspheric surface by adopting a pairwise splicing method. Although the measuring method solves the problem that the detection of the large-caliber aspheric surface in the prior art cannot be realized by adopting a three-coordinate measuring instrument, the measuring method is complex and cannot be used for detecting the contour line.
CN104197823A discloses a method for measuring a three-dimensional space curved surface of a pole head of a radio frequency quadrupole field electrode, which mainly comprises: establishing a three-dimensional space mathematical model for the RFQ electrode, importing the mathematical model into measurement software to program a measurement program, placing the RFQ electrode into a three-coordinate measuring machine, manually aligning the RFQ electrode, aligning the RFQ electrode by using the program, programming the measurement program, measuring an RFQ electrode polar head curve by using a scanning measuring head, measuring the highest point of the polar head curve, and measuring a polar head curve point by using a vector point method. Although the measurement method can complete the measurement of the complex three-dimensional space curved surface, the measurement method is too complex and is not easy to popularize and implement.
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to develop an effective method for detecting contour lines by using a three-coordinate measuring machine.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting a contour line by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, which comprises the following steps: (1) fixing one coordinate of the three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected; (2) and (2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using data processing software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1). The method for detecting the contour line not only can accurately and effectively detect the contour line with the radius changing constantly, but also can save time and does not increase extra cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a method for detecting a contour line by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing one coordinate of the three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
(2) and (2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using data processing software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1).
The contour line detection method combines the three-coordinate measuring machine, the drawing software and the data processing software, can efficiently and quickly detect the contour line with the radius changing constantly, does not increase extra cost, and can shorten the production period. And the contour line of the standard product is a production standard referred in the preparation process of the contour line to be detected.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the coordinate to which the coordinate measuring machine is fixed to a fixed value in the step (1) is any one of an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis.
The contour line to be detected is a two-dimensional graph, and when the three-coordinate measuring machine is used for actual detection, a person skilled in the art can select a fixed coordinate axis according to the actual condition of a workpiece to be detected, and further determine the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected according to the measurement results of the other two coordinates.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the coordinate measuring machine in the step (1) adopts a ruby ball-shaped measuring needle for measurement.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of the measuring environment in the step (1) is 20 ℃ +/-1 ℃.
Preferably, the relative humidity of the assay environment in step (1) is 40-60%, such as 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.
According to the measuring environment for limiting the temperature and the relative humidity, on one hand, the three-coordinate measuring machine can be ensured to work in a proper measuring environment, and especially, key parts such as an amplifier, a circuit board and the like are prevented from being damaged; on the other hand, the measuring standard of the workpiece to be measured can be unified, and the workpiece to be measured is prevented from generating larger size change and larger measuring error due to the change of the measuring environment.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the drawing software in the step (1) is CAD drawing software, and a person skilled in the art can select the software according to actual situations.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower limit errors between the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line in step (1) are within a range of. + -. 0.1 to 1mm, for example. + -. 0.1mm,. + -. 0.2mm,. + -. 0.4mm,. + -. 0.5mm,. + -. 0.7mm,. + -. 0.9mm or. + -. 1mm, but the present invention is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the method for determining the coordinate values of the upper limit contour line or the lower limit contour line in step (1) includes: and drawing at least 2 points on the upper limit contour line or the lower limit contour line by using the drawing software, and further extracting coordinate values of the points.
According to the method for determining the coordinate values of the upper limit contour line or the lower limit contour line, a person skilled in the art can determine the density degree of the extraction points according to the curvature of the actual contour line to be detected and experience, and extract the points densely in places with large curvature change fluctuation; extracting points are sparse in places with small curvature change fluctuation; the spacing of the extraction points is typically 1 mm; generally, the more the number of extraction points is, the more accurate the qualified interval is determined according to the upper and lower limit contour lines.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the data processing software in step (2) is Excel software, and those skilled in the art can select the Excel software according to actual situations.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the qualification of the contour line to be detected in the step (2) means that the actually detected coordinate values of the contour line to be detected completely fall within the qualified interval.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for detecting a contour line includes the steps of:
(1) fixing one coordinate of a three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates by adopting a ruby ball-shaped measuring needle; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using CAD drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
wherein, the measuring environment of the three-coordinate measuring machine is controlled under the conditions of the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60 percent; the upper limit error and the lower limit error corresponding to the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line are +/-0.1-1 mm;
(2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using Excel software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1);
the contour line to be detected is qualified, namely, the actually detected coordinate value of the contour line to be detected completely falls in the qualified interval.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the contour line detection method combines a three-coordinate measuring machine, drawing software and data processing software, and can accurately and effectively detect contour lines with constantly changing radiuses;
(2) the method for detecting the contour lines can further detect the three-dimensional space curved surface, and the three-dimensional space curved surface to be detected is formed by a plurality of contour lines to be detected by changing the fixed value of the fixed coordinate of the three-coordinate measuring machine;
(3) the method for detecting the contour line does not increase extra cost, and can shorten the production period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a CAD drawing corresponding to a contour line of a standard product in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a CAD drawing corresponding to the contour line of the standard product and the upper and lower limit contour lines in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged CAD drawing corresponding to the contour line of the standard product and the upper and lower limit contour lines in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a CAD drawing corresponding to a coordinate point to be extracted drawn on the upper and lower limit contour lines according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a partially enlarged CAD drawing corresponding to a coordinate point to be extracted drawn on the upper and lower limit contour lines according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows that the coordinate values of the contour line to be detected completely fall within the qualified interval in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows that the coordinate values of the contour line to be detected completely fall within the qualified interval in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for detecting a contour line by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the measuring environment at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50%, fixing the Z axis of a three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and further measuring the coordinate values of 338 points on the contour line to be detected on the X axis and the Y axis by using a ruby ball-shaped measuring needle, wherein the specific coordinate value result is shown in table 1;
the CAD drawing of the standard product contour line is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen that the standard product contour line is a contour line with a constantly changing radius; respectively determining an upper limit contour line and a lower limit contour line of the standard product according to the error of 0.5mm of an upper limit and a lower limit by using CAD (computer-aided design) drawing software, wherein the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line are shown in FIG. 2; wherein, fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 2, and a contour line of the standard product, an upper limit contour line and a lower limit contour line can be clearly seen; 338 points are respectively drawn on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line by using CAD drawing software, as shown in FIG. 4; fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 4, and it can be clearly seen that coordinate points to be extracted are drawn on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line; extracting the coordinate values of the points by using CAD drawing software, wherein the specific coordinate value result is shown in the table 1, and further obtaining the qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
(2) and (2) sorting coordinate data through Excel software according to the coordinate values of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1), finding that the actually detected coordinate values of the contour line to be detected completely fall in the qualified interval, and determining that the contour line to be detected meets the qualified standard of the product as shown in figure 6.
TABLE 1
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000071
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000081
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000091
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000101
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000111
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000121
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000131
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000141
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000151
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for detecting a contour line by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the measuring environment at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60%, fixing the Y axis of a three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and further measuring the coordinate values of 24 points on the contour line to be detected on the X axis and the Z axis by adopting a ruby ball-shaped measuring needle, wherein the specific coordinate value result is shown in a table 2;
respectively determining an upper limit contour line and a lower limit contour line of the standard product according to the error of upper and lower limits of 0.2mm by using CAD (computer-aided design) drawing software, respectively drawing 24 points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line, and simultaneously extracting the coordinate values of the points, wherein the specific coordinate value result is shown in a table 2, and further obtaining the qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
(2) and (2) sorting coordinate data through Excel software according to the coordinate values of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1), finding that the actually detected coordinate values of the contour line to be detected completely fall in the qualified interval, and determining that the contour line to be detected meets the qualified standard of the product as shown in figure 7.
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000152
Figure RE-GDA0002480511970000161
The embodiment shows that the contour line detection method combines the three-coordinate measuring machine, the drawing software and the data processing software, can accurately and effectively detect the contour line with the radius changing constantly, does not increase extra cost, and can shorten the production period.
The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for detecting a contour line using a three-coordinate measuring machine, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) fixing one coordinate of the three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
(2) and (2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using data processing software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1).
2. The method for detecting a contour line according to claim 1, wherein the coordinate to which the coordinate measuring machine of the step (1) is fixed to a fixed value is any one of an X-axis, a Y-axis or a Z-axis.
3. The method for detecting the contour line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coordinate measuring machine of the step (1) is used for measurement with a ruby ball-type stylus.
4. The method for detecting a contour line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature of the measuring environment in the step (1) is 20 ℃ ± 1 ℃;
preferably, the relative humidity of the assay environment in step (1) is 40-60%.
5. The method for detecting outlines according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drawing software of step (1) is CAD drawing software.
6. The method for detecting contour lines according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the upper and lower limit contours of step (1) have an upper and lower limit error of ± 0.1-1 mm.
7. The method for detecting a contour line according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the determining of the coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line or the lower limit contour line in step (1) comprises: and drawing at least 2 points on the upper limit contour line or the lower limit contour line by using the drawing software, and further extracting coordinate values of the points.
8. The method for detecting contour lines according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the data processing software of step (2) is Excel software.
9. The method for detecting the contour line according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the qualification of the contour line to be detected in the step (2) means that the coordinate values of the contour line to be detected actually fall within the qualified interval.
10. The method for detecting a contour line according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the method for detecting a contour line comprises the steps of:
(1) fixing one coordinate of a three-coordinate measuring machine as a fixed value, and measuring coordinate values of a plurality of points on the contour line to be detected under the other two coordinates by adopting a ruby ball-shaped measuring needle; determining coordinate values corresponding to a plurality of points on the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line of the standard product by using CAD drawing software, and further obtaining a qualified interval of the contour line to be detected;
wherein, the measuring environment of the three-coordinate measuring machine is controlled under the conditions of the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60 percent; the upper limit error and the lower limit error corresponding to the upper limit contour line and the lower limit contour line are +/-0.1-1 mm;
(2) judging whether the contour line to be detected is qualified or not by using Excel software according to the coordinate value of the contour line to be detected and the qualified interval obtained in the step (1);
the contour line to be detected is qualified, namely, the actually detected coordinate value of the contour line to be detected completely falls in the qualified interval.
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