CN111271202A - High-pressure spraying characteristic test system under high-temperature and high-back pressure - Google Patents
High-pressure spraying characteristic test system under high-temperature and high-back pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111271202A CN111271202A CN202010113967.6A CN202010113967A CN111271202A CN 111271202 A CN111271202 A CN 111271202A CN 202010113967 A CN202010113967 A CN 202010113967A CN 111271202 A CN111271202 A CN 111271202A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure spraying characteristic testing system under high temperature and high back pressure. The testing system consists of a constant-volume combustion chamber, a heating system, an ignition and fuel injection system, a synchronous control system, a transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system and a high-speed photographing system. Before testing, the constant-volume combustion chamber is heated to a target temperature through a heating system, fuel and air are mixed, and the mixed gas is pre-combusted to establish high-temperature and high-back-pressure conditions. In a high-temperature high-backpressure environment, the fuel injection system injects diesel into the constant-volume combustion chamber, the temperature and pressure sensors record related data, the high-speed photographing system shoots the spraying form, and spraying characteristic data are completely recorded. The test system of the invention can detect the spray characteristics in the real engine environment. The fuel is injected into the constant volume combustion chamber, the fuel burns in the constant volume combustion chamber, the temperature and the pressure in the constant volume combustion chamber are increased, and the test environment is a high-temperature high-backpressure environment and is consistent with the environment in an actual engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of diesel oil spraying characteristic testing, in particular to a high-pressure spraying characteristic testing system under high temperature and high back pressure.
Technical Field
Diesel engines are widely used in the fields of vehicles, agriculture and marine power as an internal combustion engine with high thermal efficiency. A large amount of NO can be discharged in the combustion process of the diesel enginexAnd particulate contaminants. As emissions regulations become more sophisticated, the emission of pollutants is tightly controlled, and it is therefore of vital importance to optimize the combustion process and improve the emissions from diesel engines. The spray atomization of fuel during the combustion of a diesel engine has a direct effectThe formation of a fuel-air mixture, in turn, affects combustion quality, ultimately affecting engine economic efficiency, power, and emissions. Most of the test systems for spray atomization are focused on testing at normal temperature and pressure or high back pressure, which is inconsistent with the actual conditions for generating spray in diesel engines, and therefore, it is necessary to study the test system for high-pressure spray characteristics at high temperature and high back pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention simulates the real in-cylinder spraying environment in the diesel engine, adopts the pre-combustion of mixed gas to raise the temperature and the back pressure, and accurately controls the timing process among ignition, injection, high-speed imaging and data acquisition through an electronic control unit, thereby being capable of solving the current diesel spraying control problem. The test system can be used for researching the spray atomization process of the electric control injector under different injection pressures, injection duration, ambient temperature and back pressure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-pressure spraying characteristic test system under high temperature and high back pressure comprises a synchronous control system, a high-speed camera, a constant volume combustion chamber, a heating system, a transient high-temperature and high-pressure measurement system and an ignition and fuel injection system, wherein the heating system, the transient high-temperature and high-pressure measurement system and the fuel injection system are arranged in a matched manner with the constant volume combustion chamber;
the constant volume combustion chamber is a hollow cavity structure with a combustion cavity, the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves and mounting through holes, sealing components for sealing the mounting through holes are detachably mounted in the mounting through holes, and the top of the constant volume combustion chamber is provided with an optical window for shooting by a high-speed camera; the heating system, the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system and the ignition and fuel injection system are respectively matched with the constant-volume combustion chamber through corresponding mounting grooves, mounting through holes and sealing assemblies thereof on the outer wall of the constant-volume combustion chamber; the synchronous control system is connected with the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system, the ignition and fuel injection system and the high-speed camera.
Preferably, the ignition and fuel injection system comprises an ignition electrode, an ignition module, and an oil storage tank, a fuel filter, a high pressure cavity and an oil injector which are sequentially communicated according to the direction of an oil path; the working ends of the ignition electrode and the oil sprayer are respectively inserted into corresponding mounting through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, the control port of the ignition electrode is connected with the synchronous control system through the ignition module, and the control port of the oil sprayer is connected with the synchronous control system.
Preferably, the transient high-temperature and high-pressure measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, a transient thermocouple, a charge amplifier and an oscilloscope; the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are respectively installed in corresponding installation through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, and the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are both connected with the oscilloscope through the charge amplifier.
Preferably, the synchronous control system comprises an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a digital delay pulse generator and a computer; the electronic control unit ECU is controlled by a computer, and three output ports of the electronic control unit ECU are respectively connected with the digital delay pulse generator, an ignition module of an ignition and fuel injection system and an oil injector; and two output ports of the digital delay pulse generator are respectively connected with the high-speed camera and the oscilloscope of the transient high-temperature high-pressure measurement system.
Preferably, the electronic control unit ECU outputs three sequential driving signals by computer control: a synchronization control signal, an ignition control signal, an injection control signal; the synchronous control signal and the ignition control signal are sent out simultaneously, and the injection control signal is sent out after delaying; the synchronous control signal simultaneously generates a trigger signal for driving the high-speed camera to work and a trigger signal for driving the oscilloscope to work through the digital delay pulse generator, the ignition control signal is used for controlling the ignition module to drive the ignition electrode to ignite the fuel in the constant volume combustion chamber, and the injection control signal is used for driving the fuel injector to inject the fuel after the fuel is combusted.
Preferably, the heating system comprises a K-type thermocouple, a temperature display, a voltage regulator and a plurality of thermal resistors; the K-type thermocouple is arranged in a corresponding mounting through hole on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and is connected with the temperature display; the thermal resistors are respectively installed in installation grooves in the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and are connected with the voltage regulator.
Preferably, the rated power of the thermal resistor is 60W.
Preferably, the constant volume combustion chamber is the cavity octagonal column structure that has the combustion chamber, and eight sides of octagonal column evenly are equipped with a plurality of and are used for installing heating system's mounting groove, still are equipped with admission valve, discharge valve on the octagonal column outer wall and are used for installing transient state high temperature high pressure measurement system, ignition and fuel injection system's installation through-hole, discharge valve and vacuum pump connection.
Preferably, the upper limit of the pressure of the constant volume combustion chamber is 20 MPa.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the test system of the invention can detect the spray characteristics in the real engine environment. The fuel is injected into the constant volume combustion chamber, the fuel burns in the constant volume combustion chamber, the temperature and the pressure in the constant volume combustion chamber are increased, and the test environment is a high-temperature high-backpressure environment and is consistent with the environment in an actual engine.
(2) The invention can accurately control the timing process among ignition, injection, high-speed imaging and data acquisition, and inputs the interval and pulse width of the control signal in the synchronous control system, so that the test result is more accurate and efficient.
(3) The testing system can keep the temperature in the constant volume combustion chamber stable in the working process, the heating system has the heating function and the heat preservation function, and after the heating system heats the constant volume combustion chamber to the target temperature, the heating power is reduced, so that the temperature in the constant volume combustion chamber is kept in a constant state.
(4) The testing system adopts an electrode ignition mode, so that the safety of the testing process can be ensured, and the measurement and the recording of the spray form are not influenced.
(5) The test system can start to test the spraying characteristics only by clicking the trigger signal in the computer by an operator, and is simple and convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-pressure spray characteristic testing system under high temperature and high back pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing control system workflow of the system;
FIG. 3 is a sequential drive signal of the ECU;
FIG. 4 is a test system data collection process.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-pressure spray characteristic testing system under high temperature and high back pressure, which comprises a synchronous control system, a high-speed camera, a constant volume combustion chamber, a heating system, a transient high-temperature and high-pressure measuring system and an ignition and fuel injection system, wherein the heating system, the transient high-temperature and high-pressure measuring system and the fuel injection system are installed in the constant volume combustion chamber in a matched manner; the constant-volume combustion chamber is a hollow cavity structure with a combustion chamber, provides a cavity for measuring the spraying characteristics, is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves and mounting through holes on the outer wall, and is detachably provided with a sealing assembly for sealing the mounting through holes in the mounting through holes; an optical window is arranged at the top of the constant volume combustion chamber, and a light source and a high-speed camera are respectively arranged outside the optical window and used for shooting the spray form; the heating system, the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system and the ignition and fuel injection system are respectively matched with the constant-volume combustion chamber through corresponding mounting grooves, mounting through holes and sealing assemblies thereof on the outer wall of the constant-volume combustion chamber; the synchronous control system is connected with the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system, the ignition and fuel injection system and the high-speed camera.
In one embodiment of the invention, the heating system comprises a type K thermocouple, a temperature display, a voltage regulator and a plurality of thermal resistors; the K-type thermocouple is arranged in a corresponding mounting through hole on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and is connected with the temperature display; the thermal resistors are respectively installed in installation grooves in the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and are connected with the voltage regulator. The heating system indirectly improves the initial temperature of the mixed gas through the heating constant volume combustion chamber, adjusts the heating power through controlling the voltage, monitors the indoor temperature by using the K-type thermocouple, and the temperature display instrument displays the indoor temperature of the constant volume combustion chamber.
The ignition and fuel injection system comprises an ignition electrode, an ignition module, an oil storage tank, a fuel filter, a high-pressure cavity and an oil injector which are sequentially communicated according to the direction of an oil way; the working ends of the ignition electrode and the oil sprayer are respectively inserted into corresponding mounting through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, the control port of the ignition electrode is connected with the synchronous control system through the ignition module, and the control port of the oil sprayer is connected with the synchronous control system.
The transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, a transient thermocouple, a charge amplifier and an oscilloscope; the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are respectively installed in corresponding installation through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, and the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are both connected with the oscilloscope through the charge amplifier.
The synchronous control system comprises an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a digital delay pulse generator and a computer; the electronic control unit ECU is controlled by a computer, and three output ports of the electronic control unit ECU are respectively connected with the digital delay pulse generator, an ignition module of an ignition and fuel injection system and an oil injector; and two output ports of the digital delay pulse generator are respectively connected with the high-speed camera and the oscilloscope of the transient high-temperature high-pressure measurement system.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the electronic control unit ECU outputs three sequential driving signals by computer control: a synchronization control signal, an ignition control signal, an injection control signal; the synchronous control signal and the ignition control signal are sent out simultaneously, and the injection control signal is sent out after delaying; the synchronous control signal simultaneously generates a signal for driving the high-speed camera to work and a signal for driving the oscilloscope to work through the digital delay pulse generator, the ignition control signal is used for controlling the ignition module to drive the ignition electrode to ignite the fuel in the constant volume combustion chamber, and the injection control signal is used for driving the fuel injector to inject the fuel after the fuel is combusted. The combustion process of the premixed gas is about 0.1s, while the spraying process is within 1 ms. After ignition of the premixed gas, the system records the temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber to control the injection time. Precise control of the timing between ignition, injection and data acquisition is therefore required. The sequential control process is as shown in fig. 2, and after the combustible gas in the combustion chamber is uniformly mixed with the air, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) outputs three sequential driving signals. In fig. 3, T1, T2, and T4 are the trigger signals of the digital delay pulse generator DG645 (SRS corporation, usa), the ignition control module, and the injector, respectively. T3 is the interval between ignition and injection. On the falling edge of the trigger signal, DG645 will output the synchronous control signals for both channels. The T1 and the T2 are ensured to be the same in the test process, the larger the T2 is, the larger the ignition energy is, the 10ms is generally set in the test process, the larger the T4 value is, the more the fuel injection quantity is, the T3 is set according to the actual pre-combustion condition, and the faster the pre-combustion speed is, the smaller the T3 is. One signal controls the high speed camera to record 250,000fps images at fixed resolution (312 x 260) and the other signal controls the oscilloscope to acquire transient temperature and pressure data inside the volumetric combustor. The ignition control module also inputs instantaneous high voltage to the central electrode when the triggering signal falls, and sparks in the electrode gap to ignite combustible gas. After time interval T3, the injector injects fuel.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the constant volume combustion chamber is a hollow octagonal column structure with a combustion cavity, each side wall on the side wall of the octagonal column is provided with 6 installation grooves for installing thermal resistors, the total number of the installation grooves is 48 thermal resistors, and each maximum power is 60W. Octagonal column top is equipped with an optics window, is equipped with the installation through-hole that a plurality of is used for installing K type thermocouple, transient state thermocouple, pressure sensor, ignition electrode, sprayer on the octagonal column outer wall, and detachably installs the sealed subassembly that will install the through-hole in the installation through-hole, still is equipped with admission valve and discharge valve on the octagonal column outer wall, and discharge valve and vacuum pump connection, fuel burning back are through vacuum pump and discharge valve exhaust waste gas. The volume of the constant volume combustor was 1.286L, and the upper limit of the design pressure was 20 MPa.
The data acquisition process of the test system is shown in fig. 4. The test system used a piezoelectric transducer (Kistler 6115A). Since the pressure sensor has a high output impedance, a charge amplifier (Kistler5018A) is provided to convert the output charge into a voltage signal that is recognized by an oscilloscope. In order to accurately measure transient pressure, the measurement function of the charge amplifier needs to be turned off after a single injection test, reducing errors caused by charge accumulation. The transient thermocouple of the system is model E12 manufactured by Nanmac, and the response time is less than 20 mus. It is connected to an amplifier (INA 141U) and calibrated to obtain a fitted equation between temperature and output voltage. The measurement was performed using an ice-water mixture and boiling water as standard temperature objects. A mercury thermometer and a thermocouple were then placed in the combustion chamber simultaneously, and the heated air was measured, thereby verifying the accuracy of the temperature-voltage relationship. The calibration data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
During the system testing, the oscilloscope records temperature and pressure data at a frequency of 125kHz and sets the noise filter to 75 MHz. The data is transmitted to a computer through the USB, and filtering is carried out during data processing, so that oscillation caused by the channel effect of the sensor is eliminated.
The specific operation process of the system is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the heating system was started before the test was started, and the voltage regulator was adjusted so that the thermal resistor installed in the fixed volume combustion chamber heated it with the appropriate power. Diesel oil in the oil storage tank enters the high-pressure cavity through the fuel filter. The K-type thermocouple measures the temperature of the cavity and displays the current temperature through the temperature display. When the constant-volume combustion chamber is heated to the target temperature, fuel is filled into the constant-volume combustion chamber through the air inlet valve, the fuel and the air are mixed for three minutes and then are filled into the air, and the air inlet valve is closed after the preset pressure is reached. The ECU is controlled by the computer to send out a trigger signal, and the ignition signal enables the ignition module to work to ignite the fuel in the constant volume combustion chamber. The injection control signal causes the injector to inject fuel after combustion. And the synchronous control signal enters a digital delay pulse generator, synchronous control signals of two channels are output, one signal controls a high-speed camera to record, and the other signal controls an oscilloscope to acquire transient temperature and pressure data in the constant volume combustion chamber. The transient thermocouple and the pressure sensor are connected with an oscilloscope through a charge amplifier, and relevant data are collected through the oscilloscope. After the experiment is completed, the vacuum pump and the exhaust valve are opened to exhaust the waste gas.
The foregoing lists merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-pressure spraying characteristic test system under high temperature and high back pressure is characterized by comprising a synchronous control system, a high-speed camera, a constant volume combustion chamber, a heating system, a transient high-temperature and high-pressure measurement system and an ignition and fuel injection system, wherein the heating system, the transient high-temperature and high-pressure measurement system and the ignition and fuel injection system are installed in a matched manner with the constant volume combustion chamber;
the constant volume combustion chamber is a hollow cavity structure with a combustion cavity, the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves and mounting through holes, sealing components for sealing the mounting through holes are detachably mounted in the mounting through holes, and the top of the constant volume combustion chamber is provided with an optical window for shooting by a high-speed camera; the heating system, the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system and the ignition and fuel injection system are respectively matched with the constant-volume combustion chamber through corresponding mounting grooves, mounting through holes and sealing assemblies thereof on the outer wall of the constant-volume combustion chamber; the synchronous control system is connected with the transient high-temperature high-pressure measuring system, the ignition and fuel injection system and the high-speed camera.
2. The system for testing the high-pressure spray characteristics at high temperature and under high back pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ignition and fuel injection system comprises an ignition electrode, an ignition module, and an oil storage tank, a fuel filter, a high-pressure cavity and an oil injector which are sequentially communicated according to the direction of an oil path; the working ends of the ignition electrode and the oil sprayer are respectively inserted into corresponding mounting through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, the control port of the ignition electrode is connected with the synchronous control system through the ignition module, and the control port of the oil sprayer is connected with the synchronous control system.
3. The system for testing the high-pressure spray characteristics under the high temperature and the high back pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transient high-temperature and high-pressure measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, a transient thermocouple, a charge amplifier and an oscilloscope; the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are respectively installed in corresponding installation through holes on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber, and the pressure sensor and the transient thermocouple are both connected with the oscilloscope through the charge amplifier.
4. A high pressure spray characteristic test system under high temperature and high back pressure as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said synchronous control system comprises an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a digital delay pulse generator and a computer; the electronic control unit ECU is controlled by a computer, and three output ports of the electronic control unit ECU are respectively connected with the digital delay pulse generator, an ignition module of an ignition and fuel injection system and an oil injector; and two output ports of the digital delay pulse generator are respectively connected with the high-speed camera and the oscilloscope of the transient high-temperature high-pressure measurement system.
5. The system for testing the spraying characteristics of the high pressure under the high temperature and the high back pressure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electronic control unit ECU outputs three sequential driving signals through computer control: a synchronization control signal, an ignition control signal, an injection control signal; the synchronous control signal and the ignition control signal are sent out simultaneously, and the injection control signal is sent out after delaying; the synchronous control signal simultaneously generates a trigger signal for driving the high-speed camera to work and a trigger signal for driving the oscilloscope to work through the digital delay pulse generator, the ignition control signal is used for controlling the ignition module to drive the ignition electrode to ignite the fuel in the constant volume combustion chamber, and the injection control signal is used for driving the fuel injector to inject the fuel after the fuel is combusted.
6. The system for testing the spraying characteristics of the high pressure under the high temperature and the high back pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating system comprises a type K thermocouple, a temperature display, a voltage regulator and a plurality of thermal resistors; the K-type thermocouple is arranged in a corresponding mounting through hole on the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and is connected with the temperature display; the thermal resistors are respectively installed in installation grooves in the outer wall of the constant volume combustion chamber and are connected with the voltage regulator.
7. The system for testing high pressure spray characteristics at high temperature and high back pressure of claim 6, wherein the thermal resistor has a power rating of 60W.
8. The high-pressure spraying characteristic testing system under the high temperature and the high back pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the constant volume combustion chamber is a hollow octagonal column structure with a combustion chamber, eight sides of the octagonal column are uniformly provided with a plurality of mounting grooves for mounting a heating system, the outer wall of the octagonal column is further provided with an air inlet valve, an air outlet valve and mounting through holes for mounting a transient high temperature and high pressure measuring system and an ignition and fuel injection system, and the air outlet valve is connected with a vacuum pump.
9. The system for testing the high-pressure spraying characteristic under the high-temperature and high-back pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper limit of the pressure of the constant-volume combustion chamber is 20 Mpa.
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| CN111271202B (en) | 2021-12-28 |
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