CN111269946B - Photobiological hydrogen production system and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Photobiological hydrogen production system and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111269946B
CN111269946B CN202010104558.XA CN202010104558A CN111269946B CN 111269946 B CN111269946 B CN 111269946B CN 202010104558 A CN202010104558 A CN 202010104558A CN 111269946 B CN111269946 B CN 111269946B
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hydrogen production
green algae
production system
photobiological
chlorella
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CN111269946A (en
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樊春海
柳华杰
王丽华
陈杰
李茜
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention provides a photobiological hydrogen production system and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: mixing glucose, glucose oxidase, catalase and an inorganic chlorella flocculant, so that gluconic acid generated by the enzyme cascade reaction of the glucose can spontaneously react with the inorganic chlorella flocculant to form a chemical-enzyme cascade reaction; and S2: and introducing the chemical-enzyme cascade reaction into a green algae illumination culture system, so that the green algae are flocculated to form a green algae aggregate and are in an anaerobic and near-neutral pH environment for a long time, and a photobiological hydrogen production system is obtained, wherein the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the photobiological hydrogen production system is monitored by a gas chromatograph. According to the invention, a simple, cheap and long-term efficient photobiological hydrogen production system is provided, the problems that the anaerobic environment is difficult to maintain for a long time and green algae is easy to damage are solved, and the development of applying the photobiological hydrogen production to large-scale commercial hydrogen preparation is expected to be promoted.

Description

Photobiological hydrogen production system and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photobiological hydrogen production, in particular to a photobiological hydrogen production system and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of traditional fossil energy substances such as petroleum and the global environmental pollution caused by the gradual exhaustion, development of green and environment-friendly new energy substances as a substitute is urgently needed. Recently, hydrogen has been receiving more attention as a renewable, clean and efficient energy source substance, but the hydrogen currently available for commercialization is still derived from natural gas and other traditional energy source substances, which are controversial due to environmental pollution and low efficiency.
The photobiological hydrogen production is a hydrogen preparation method which can really realize pure green preparation and zero carbon emission due to the direct utilization of solar energy as an energy source and the utilization of renewable organisms or biological enzymes as a catalyst and has the greatest prospect. However, the organisms and biological enzymes used as catalysts in the photobiological hydrogen production require strict anaerobic environment, but the current scheme for generating the anaerobic environment is complicated in procedure, high in cost, short in action time and poor in biocompatibility, so that the conventional photobiological hydrogen production system is difficult to be applied to large-scale commercialization. Therefore, the development of a simple, cheap and long-term efficient photobiological hydrogen production system is the key to realizing large-scale commercial application of the system.
Studies have shown that an enzyme cascade reaction consisting of glucose oxidase and catalase can efficiently consume oxygen, and has been widely used in commercial fields such as food and light industry. Green algae are the most thoroughly studied whole-cell biocatalysts for photobiological hydrogen production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photobiological hydrogen production system, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems that the anaerobic environment in the photobiological hydrogen production system in the prior art is difficult to maintain for a long time and green algae are easy to damage.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a photobiological hydrogen production system, comprising the steps of: s1: mixing glucose, glucose oxidase, catalase and an inorganic chlorella flocculant, so that gluconic acid generated by the enzyme cascade reaction of the glucose can spontaneously react with the inorganic chlorella flocculant to form a chemical-enzyme cascade reaction; and S2: and introducing the chemical-enzyme cascade reaction into a green algae illumination culture system, so that the green algae are flocculated to form a green algae aggregate and are in an anaerobic and near-neutral pH environment for a long time, and a photobiological hydrogen production system is obtained, wherein the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the photobiological hydrogen production system is monitored by a gas chromatograph.
It is to be understood that conventional light culture systems for green algae are suitable for use in the present invention.
Preferably, the inorganic green algae flocculant comprises any one of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, or calcium carbonate or a combination of at least two of the foregoing. It is to be understood that other acid-reactive, poorly water soluble, inorganic green algae flocculants may be used in the present invention.
According to the invention, in step S1, the molar ratio of the glucose to the inorganic chlorella flocculant is preferably between 1:0.1 and 1: 10. In fact, the molar amount of the inorganic chlorella flocculant may be adjusted according to the specific optimum hydrogen-producing pH of chlorella catalase, as long as the actual pH of the system is maintained at the target pH, i.e., around the optimum hydrogen-producing pH. It is understood that green algae catalase refers to a catalase present in green algae cells, and when activated, green algae can produce hydrogen gas when they perform photosynthesis.
According to the invention, in step S1, the total activity ratio of the glucose oxidase and the catalase is preferably 1: 100-1: 10000. More preferably, the total activity ratio of the glucose oxidase and the catalase is 1: 500-1: 1500. Most preferably, the total activity ratio of the glucose oxidase and the catalase is 1: 1000.
Preferably, in step S2, the green algae in the green algae light culture system includes: chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris or Chlorella pyrenoidosa, or a combination of at least two thereof. It is to be understood that other microorganisms that can produce hydrogen in an anaerobic environment are equally suitable for use in the present invention.
Preferably, a near neutral pH environment is a pH of about 5 to about 7. Preferably, in step S2, the green algae in the green algae light culture system is cultured in a liquid culture medium with a pH value of 5-7, and the liquid culture medium is selected from any one of the following culture media: TAP medium, SE medium or BG11 medium. Generally, the pH of the medium is adjusted to a range of 5 to 7 and maintained at a pH of 5 to 7 at all times to ensure the catalytic activity of green alga hydrogenase. Since green algae catalases first require an anaerobic environment to be activated and then require a suitable pH to catalyze hydrogen production.
According to the present invention, in step S2, the green alga light culture system does not require any preliminary oxygen removal treatment. For example, the medium and culture tubes need not be deoxygenated by introducing an inert gas. Since a chemo-enzymatic cascade reaction provided according to step S1 of the present invention consumes 1/2 oxygen molecules per glucose molecule, it consumes oxygen overall, which has significant advantages for large scale hydrogen production systems, both in terms of reduced operating steps, reduced production requirements, and reduced production costs.
According to the invention, in step S2, preferably, the cultivation temperature of the green algae illumination cultivation system is 15-30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1000-10000 Lux.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a photobiological hydrogen production system prepared according to the above preparation method.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the scale of the photobiological hydrogen production system is 1-10 mL, the inorganic green algae flocculating agent is preferably any one of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate, the green algae is preferably Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or Chlorella pyrenoidosa, the use amount of glucose is preferably 50-200 mu mol, and the total activities of glucose oxidase and catalase are preferably 10-100U and 10-100 KU respectively. And monitoring the change of the oxygen and hydrogen contents in the photobiological hydrogen production system by using a gas chromatograph. It should be understood, however, that the photobiological hydrogen production system provided according to the present invention is also applicable to larger scales well in excess of 10mL, as long as the feedstock is sufficient, and the scale is not limited.
The gas chromatograph is an Agilent 7890A-type gas chromatograph (Agilent technologies, USA), the TCD detector is equipped to analyze the oxygen and hydrogen contents simultaneously, the carrier gas is high-purity nitrogen, and the flow rate is 3-30 mL/min.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention also provides an application of the photobiological hydrogen production system in new energy development.
The working principle of the invention is that based on the advantage of enzyme cascade deoxygenation consisting of glucose oxidase and catalase, by adding an inorganic chlorella flocculant, the acidic product-gluconic acid of glucose after enzyme cascade reaction can spontaneously react with the inorganic chlorella flocculant, and the spontaneous reaction is determined according to the specific chemical substance of the inorganic chlorella flocculant, for example, magnesium hydroxide is acid-base neutralization reaction, and calcium carbonate is double decomposition reaction, wherein the spontaneous reaction is to emphasize that the reaction does not need a catalyst and can occur under ordinary conditions, thereby obtaining the inorganic chlorella flocculant which can efficiently remove oxygen and can maintain the oxygen at the same timeIs a chemical-enzymatic cascade of pH. Wherein, the action of glucose oxidase is to catalyze the reaction of glucose and oxygen to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, the action of catalase is to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, the total reaction after cascade connection is that 1/2 oxygen molecules are consumed by one glucose molecule, therefore, the total reaction is oxygen consumption, and the maintenance of pH is realized by the following principle: h is dissociated from gluconic acid generated by reaction of glucose and oxygen catalyzed by glucose oxidase+The inorganic chlorella flocculant in the system can just consume the H dissociated from the gluconic acid+Therefore, the pH can not be reduced, so that the aim of maintaining the pH of the system is fulfilled, as shown in figure 1; and then, introducing the constructed chemical-enzyme cascade reaction into a green algae illumination culture system to obtain a photobiological hydrogen production system, and monitoring the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the photobiological hydrogen production system by using a gas chromatograph.
The creativity of the invention lies in that a photobiological hydrogen production system is obtained by firstly providing a chemical-enzyme cascade reaction which can efficiently remove oxygen and simultaneously can maintain the pH value of the system and introducing the chemical-enzyme cascade reaction into a green alga illumination culture system, and the long-term and efficient photobiological hydrogen production is realized. The experimental result of the invention proves that the photobiological hydrogen production system can be always in an anaerobic environment within one month, can be always maintained at the optimal catalytic hydrogen production pH of green alga catalase, and has good cell activity and mitochondrial activity, thereby well solving the problem that the green alga in the common photobiological hydrogen production system is easy to damage.
In conclusion, the simple, cheap and long-term efficient photobiological hydrogen production system solves the problems that the anaerobic environment in the common photobiological hydrogen production system is difficult to maintain for a long time and green algae are easy to damage. In the photobiology hydrogen production system prepared according to the invention, green algae are flocculated to form green algae aggregates and are in anaerobic and near-neutral pH environments (pH 5-7) for a long time, and the green algae aggregates have high chlorophyll content and high cell activity, and under the synergistic effect of the beneficial factors, continuous and efficient hydrogen production in nearly one month is realized. The invention is expected to promote the development of applying the photobiological hydrogen production to large-scale commercial hydrogen production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the photobiological production of hydrogen from green algae in the presence of a chemo-enzymatic cascade consisting of glucose, glucose oxidase, catalase, and magnesium hydroxide, which consumes oxygen and ensures system pH;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the size of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flocs in a photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method according to the present invention, as observed with a microscope, as a function of time, and the scale thereof is 200 μm;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of oxygen content in the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, wherein a square labeled curve is an experimental group, and an inverted triangle labeled curve is a control group;
FIG. 4 is a statistical graph of the cumulative hydrogen production over time in a photobiological hydrogen production system according to the production method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a statistical graph of pH measurements taken from left to right for experimental groups, i.e., pH values of the system in which the chemo-enzymatic cascade reaction exists, and corresponding pH values of other control groups under other conditions, in the photobiological hydrogen production system according to the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a statistical chart of analysis results of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chlorophyll content in the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, which is an experimental group from left to right, that is, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chlorophyll content in which a chemical-enzymatic cascade reaction exists, and the corresponding chlorophyll content of a control group under other conditions;
fig. 7 is a statistical graph of analysis results of cell activity and mitochondrial activity of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method of the present invention, wherein the values of the ratios of FDA to PI indicate the relative cell activity, and the values of Rh123 to PI indicate the relative mitochondrial activity, and the statistical results of the relative cell activity in the chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture system in which the chemical-enzymatic cascade reaction exists, the statistical results of the relative cell activity in the control group of other conditions, and the corresponding statistical results of the relative mitochondrial activity are sequentially shown from left to right.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a simple, inexpensive, and long-term efficient method for preparing a photobiological hydrogen production system is provided, it should be understood that, by way of example only and not limitation, in this embodiment, glucose oxidase, catalase, and magnesium hydroxide are selected to be mixed, and according to the fact that magnesium hydroxide can spontaneously react with the acidic products of glucose via an enzymatic cascade, a chemical-enzymatic cascade is formed that can efficiently remove oxygen and ensure that the pH of the system is around neutral; next, the formed chemical-enzymatic cascade reaction was introduced into a chlamydomonas reinhardtii light culture system using TAP as a medium, and the contents of oxygen and hydrogen in the culture system were monitored by a gas chromatograph.
Wherein glucose oxidase, catalase, Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA), Propidium Iodide (PI), and rhodamine 123(Rh123) are purchased from Sigma Aldrich China; the chlorophyll content analysis kit is purchased from Beijing Baiolai Boke technology, Inc.; the rest reagents are purchased from chemical reagents of national drug group, ltd; chlamydomonas reinhardtii (FACHB-479) was purchased from freshwater algae breeder bank of Chinese academy of sciences.
Example 1
The preparation method of the simple, cheap and long-term efficient photobiological hydrogen production system comprises the following steps:
mixing 1mg of glucose oxidase (total enzyme activity is about 50U) and 1mg of catalase (total enzyme activity is about 50KU), placing into 1.5mL of graduated EP tube, adding 1mL of phosphate buffer solution for dissolving, sealing the EP tube, and storing at 4 deg.C. 27mg of glucose and 8.75mg of magnesium hydroxide were weighed, placed in a transparent glass test tube having a volume of 8mL, and then 2mL of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii liquid culture (OD750 ═ 0.5) was added, followed by 1mL of a premixed solution of glucose oxidase and catalase, sealed, and cultured under 6300lux illumination at 25 ℃ for a fixed time point (2 days, 6 days, 10 days, 14 days, 18 days, 22 days, 26 days) at which 10. mu.L of the liquid culture was drawn out using an airtight needle and dropped onto a glass slide, and the biological form of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the system was observed under a Zeiss fluorescence microscope after being covered with a cover glass. Meanwhile, 100 mul of test tube headspace gas is extracted by using an airtight needle and injected into a sample inlet of a gas chromatograph for analyzing the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the culture system, and the detection conditions are as follows: the TCD detector is 200 ℃, the column incubator is 100 ℃, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 3 mL/min.
As a result: as shown in fig. 2, the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method according to the present invention has significant flocculation of chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the size of chlamydomonas reinhardtii flocs increases with time; the results show (fig. 3), the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method of the invention is always in an anaerobic environment within 26 days; the result shows (figure 4), the photobiological hydrogen production system obtained by the preparation method of the invention has the duration of high-efficiency hydrogen production for as long as 26 days.
The pH of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture reacted for 26 days was measured using a pH meter to obtain a pH value corresponding to the system.
As a result: the experiment group, namely that the pH of the photobiological hydrogen production system is 6.72 under the condition of chemical-enzyme cascade reaction, the pH of the condition that magnesium chloride replaces magnesium hydroxide and is used as a condition without adding an inorganic chlorella flocculant is 3.15, the pH of the chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture system is 3.04 under the condition of the single enzyme cascade reaction, and the pH of the chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture system only with glucose is 3.81 shows that the pH of the photobiological hydrogen production system prepared according to the invention is very close to the optimum catalytic hydrogen production pH (figure 5).
Centrifuging and harvesting the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture reacted for 26 days, adding 6mL of chlorophyll content analysis solution, incubating at room temperature in the dark for 10min, then oscillating for 5min, filtering with three layers of filter paper, taking filtrate, namely chlorophyll coarse substance, and measuring the light absorption values of the sample at 665nm and 649nm by using an enzyme labeling instrument.
According to the following empirical formula:
total chlorophyll content (mg/g) CT × V × N/(W × 1000);
CT=6.63×A665+18.08×A649;
v ═ chlorophyll crude volume (ml);
n is dilution multiple;
w ═ sample weight (g).
The result of the total chlorophyll content of the chlamydomonas reinhardtii is obtained.
As a result: the experimental group, that is, the content of total chlorophyll of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the photobiological hydrogen production under the condition of existence of chemical-enzyme cascade reaction is 0.38mg, the content of chlorophyll of magnesium chloride in the condition group of substituting magnesium hydroxide is 0.26mg, the content of total chlorophyll of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the existence of simplex enzyme cascade reaction is 0.23mg, and the content of total chlorophyll of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the existence of glucose is 0.32mg, shows that the content of chlorophyll of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the photobiological hydrogen production system prepared according to the present invention is significantly higher than that of the control group under other conditions (fig. 6).
1mL of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture reacted for 26 days was collected by centrifugation, resuspended in 1mL of phosphate buffer, and added with the previously dissolved FDA, PI, and Rh123 at final concentrations of 50. mu.g/mL, followed by incubation at 37 ℃ with shaking in the dark for 30 min. And then washing the sample with phosphate buffer solution for three times, re-suspending the sample in 1mL of phosphate buffer solution, diluting by 100 times, testing the fluorescence intensity of FDA, PI and Rh123 by using a microplate reader, and analyzing the cell activity and the mitochondrial activity of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the system according to the fluorescence intensity.
As a result: as shown in fig. 7, the results of comparison with the control group show that the relative cellular activity and relative mitochondrial activity of chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the photobiological hydrogen production under the existence of the chemical-enzymatic cascade reaction are both closer to the system with only glucose and higher than those of the control group under the other two conditions, which illustrates that chlamydomonas reinhardtii has good cellular activity and mitochondrial activity in the photobiological hydrogen production prepared according to the present invention, and well solves the problem that the chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the common photobiological hydrogen production system is easily damaged.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a photobiological hydrogen production system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing glucose, glucose oxidase, catalase and an inorganic chlorella flocculant, so that gluconic acid generated by the enzyme cascade reaction of the glucose can spontaneously react with the inorganic chlorella flocculant to form a chemical-enzyme cascade reaction, wherein the inorganic chlorella flocculant comprises any one or a combination of at least two of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate; and
s2: introducing the chemical-enzyme cascade reaction into a green algae illumination culture system, so that the green algae are flocculated to form green algae aggregates and are in anaerobic and near-neutral pH environments for a long time, and a photobiological hydrogen production system is obtained, wherein the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the photobiological hydrogen production system is monitored by a gas chromatograph, and the green algae in the green algae illumination culture system comprises: chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris or Chlorella pyrenoidosa, or a combination of at least two thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the molar ratio of the glucose to the inorganic chlorella flocculant is between 1:0.1 and 1: 10.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the total activity ratio of the glucose oxidase to the catalase is 1:100 to 1: 10000.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the green algae in the green algae cultivation system by illumination is cultivated in a liquid culture medium with pH value of 5-7, and the liquid culture medium is selected from any one of the following culture media: TAP medium, SE medium or BG11 medium.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the green algae cultivation system by light irradiation does not require any preliminary oxygen removal treatment.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the cultivation temperature of the green algae cultivation system by light is 15-30 ℃ and the illuminance is 1000-10000 Lux.
7. A photobiological hydrogen production system produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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