CN111268175A - Space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability - Google Patents
Space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability Download PDFInfo
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- CN111268175A CN111268175A CN202010085906.3A CN202010085906A CN111268175A CN 111268175 A CN111268175 A CN 111268175A CN 202010085906 A CN202010085906 A CN 202010085906A CN 111268175 A CN111268175 A CN 111268175A
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- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/58—Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
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Abstract
A space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability belongs to the technical field of temperature control, a water storage tank is connected with a water sublimator main body through a water pipe, a porous plate is in sealing fit with the upper part of the water sublimator main body, the whole space water sublimator is communicated with an external space in vacuum through a tapered hole in the porous plate, the external side of the porous plate is positioned in a space vacuum environment, when the water sublimator runs, the water feeding cavity of the water sublimator is filled with liquid water, when the liquid water rises to the porous plate along with the liquid level, because the pressure is suddenly reduced and the temperature and the pressure are all reduced to three phase points, an ice layer is formed in the gradually-reduced hole of the porous plate, and the ice layer in the gradually-reduced hole of the porous plate prevents the bottom hydraulic pressure from puncturing the ice layer under the synergistic action of the frictional resistance between the ice layer and the wall of the gradually-reduced hole, the positive pressure exerted on the ice layer by the gradually-reduced hole and the additional capillary pressure generated by the gradually-reduced hole, so that the purpose of inhibiting the spatial water sublimator from puncturing and destabilizing is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature control, relates to a spacecraft thermal control system component performance improving structure, and particularly relates to a space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability.
Background
With the rapid development of manned aerospace technology in China, aerospace activities such as moon sampling, Mars detection, space station building and the like are more and more frequent, and the out-of-cabin activities of astronauts are more and more frequent. According to investigations, the construction process of international space stations is expected to require 2000 h/year of outbound activity for assembly and maintenance work and will increase by 50% in the first few years each year. The temperature in the space suit is constantly increasing due to the metabolism of the astronauts and the heat dissipation of the electronic devices in the space suit during extravehicular activities. In order to provide a thermal comfort condition suitable for life activities and operations for astronauts, a thermal control system with high heat dissipation performance is urgently needed; on the other hand, spacecraft airborne equipment such as semiconductor radars, energy storage batteries, communication combat laser diodes, very large scale integrated circuits and the like have development trends of energy densification and high integration, the electrical power and heat productivity level of the spacecraft airborne equipment are obviously improved while the performance of the spacecraft airborne equipment is enhanced, and the spacecraft airborne equipment is mostly a temperature-sensitive electronic component, so that a thermal control system is also needed to dissipate generated waste heat to maintain proper equipment operation temperature. In the upcoming aerospace activity of the first unmanned lunar sampling return detector Chang' e five in China, in order to ensure the energy supply during implementation of lunar tasks, the detection activity is generally expected to be carried out as much as possible at noon in the lunar days to ensure that the generated energy of the solar cell array is larger. However, the lunar surface temperature can reach more than 90 ℃ at noon in the daytime and daytime, so that the high temperature can generate great obstruction to the heat dissipation of equipment, and particularly, the heat control means mainly based on radiation heat dissipation can be disabled.
The phase-change heat exchange technology is an effective mode for realizing high heat transmission at present. Water sublimers are space efficient consumable phase change thermal control methods currently in use and expected to be in use. The working principle of the water sublimator is shown in figure 1, which is a thermal control device communicated with a space vacuum environment, under the condition that the space vacuum environment pressure (200km track space pressure 10-4Pa, 3000km track space pressure 10-11Pa) is far lower than the triple point pressure (610.62Pa) of water, the pressure of liquid water at the inlet of the water sublimator to the outlet of the water sublimator undergoes a process of sharply reducing from the inlet pressure to the triple point pressure, because the change rate of the pressure is quicker than the temperature change, once the pressure is reduced to the saturation pressure (higher than 610.62Pa) corresponding to the water temperature, when the pressure is further reduced, the liquid water reduces the temperature to the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure through the flash evaporation effect, when the temperature and the pressure are reduced to the triple point (610.62Pa, 273.16K) or below the triple point, the solid ice absorbs the heat and then sublimates by utilizing the sublimation heat (2835kJ/kg) of the water to be directly steam without melting, using this principle, the working substance will undergo a phase change in the order liquid-solid-gas, as shown in figure 2. The water sublimator is successfully used in the Apollo planned space mission in the last century, and the research of the water sublimator technology in China starts late, and is applied to the flying space of the extravehicular space suit 'Shenzhou No. seven' in 2008 for the first time. In addition, the "ChangE five-in-one" landing and ascending combination body adopts an integrated heat management scheme taking a pump-driven small-sized single-phase fluid loop heat bus and a water sublimator as cores.
The perforated plate is one of the core components of the water sublimator, and the ice layer can be locked inside the perforated plate by utilizing the principle that the frictional resistance of the ice layer in the perforated plate is increased, so that the perforated plate is an effective means for preventing the water sublimator from being punctured and unstable. The breakdown instability refers to heat sink waste caused by the fact that a liquid water-washed ice-breaking layer is directly injected into a space without phase change, is a failure mode of the water sublimator, and a method for inhibiting the breakdown instability of the water sublimator is researched to enable the water sublimator to obtain more reliable operation performance. The breakdown instability of the water sublimator is mainly caused by the combined action of two factors: the first is that the pressure of the liquid water under the ice layer is larger than the resistance of the ice layer in the porous plate due to the overlarge pressure in the water tank in the figure 1, so that the liquid water can break through the ice layer; secondly, because the heat applied to the water sublimator is too large, the sublimation rate of the ice layer in the porous plate is higher, so that the thickness of the ice layer is thinner, the area of the ice layer attached to the porous plate is smaller, the friction resistance is lower, and the breakdown instability phenomenon can also be caused.
In summary, in the future deep space exploration, both the extravehicular space activities of the astronauts and the stable operation of the airborne equipment inevitably face the problem of lack of flexibility and stable heat dissipation. Therefore, it is necessary to design a long-term effective thermal control means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the space activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a spatial water sublimator inhibiting structure for preventing breakdown instability, the current situation that breakdown instability is inhibited by single resistance in porous plates of a water sublimator is changed by optimizing the structure of the porous plates in the water sublimator, an ice layer is locked by a method of utilizing frictional resistance, additional capillary pressure and a positive pressure synergistic inhibition mechanism of a structure wall surface, stable and reliable operation can be realized under the working condition that a common water sublimator achieves breakdown instability, and the working condition interval of stable operation of the water sublimator is enlarged to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability comprises a water storage tank, a water pipe and a water sublimator main body, wherein the water storage tank is communicated with the water sublimator main body through the water pipe; the method is characterized in that: a porous plate is arranged above the water sublimator main body and is in sealing fit with the upper part of the water sublimator main body, a water supply cavity is formed between the porous plate and the water sublimator main body, liquid water is filled in the water supply cavity, the porous plate is provided with a plurality of tapering holes, the aperture of the tapering holes gradually decreases from the inner side to the outer side in a layered or continuous manner, the water supply cavity is communicated with an external vacuum environment through the tapered hole, when liquid water in the water supply cavity rises to the porous plate along with the liquid level, due to the sudden pressure drop, the temperature and the pressure of the water sublimation device are reduced to three-phase points, an ice layer is formed in the tapering hole, frictional resistance is formed between the ice layer and the wall of the tapering hole, the ice layer is prevented from being broken down by bottom hydraulic pressure under the synergistic effect of positive pressure applied to the ice layer by the tapering hole and additional capillary pressure generated by the tapering hole, and the purpose of restraining the breakdown instability of the space water sublimation device is achieved.
The tapered holes are uniformly distributed on the perforated plate.
The interior of the tapered hole is formed by layering at least two conical holes which are overlapped with each other, and the aperture of each conical hole is continuously tapered from inside to outside.
The additional capillary pressure is the capillary pumping force caused by the micron-scale pore diameter in the porous plate, the difference of the curvature radius of the phase interface exists in the reducing and gradually expanding channels, the additional capillary pressure is generated at the two ends of the micro-channel, and the additional capillary pressure is calculated by the following formula
Δpc＝2σ/R1-2σ/R2(1)
Wherein σ is surface tension, R1And R2The radii of curvature of the interphase in the channel tapering and diverging sections are indicated, respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a space water sublimator inhibiting structure for preventing breakdown instability, a water storage tank is connected with a water sublimator main body through a water pipe, a porous plate is hermetically attached to the upper part of the water sublimator main body, the whole space water sublimator is communicated with an external space in a vacuum mode through a tapered hole in the porous plate, the external side of the porous plate is in a space vacuum environment, when the water sublimator runs, the water feeding cavity of the water sublimator is filled with liquid water, when the liquid water rises to the porous plate along with the liquid level, because the pressure is suddenly reduced and the temperature and the pressure are all reduced to three phase points, an ice layer is formed in the gradually-reduced hole of the porous plate, and the ice layer in the gradually-reduced hole of the porous plate prevents the bottom hydraulic pressure from puncturing the ice layer under the synergistic action of the frictional resistance between the ice layer and the wall of the gradually-reduced hole, the positive pressure exerted on the ice layer by the gradually-reduced hole and the additional capillary pressure generated by the gradually-reduced hole, so that the purpose of inhibiting the spatial water sublimator from puncturing and destabilizing is achieved. The invention utilizes the method of frictional resistance, additional capillary pressure and positive pressure of the structure wall surface to cooperatively inhibit the mechanism to jointly lock the ice layer, can stably and reliably operate under the working condition that the common water sublimator achieves breakdown instability, and maximally expands the working condition interval of stable operation of the water sublimator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the water sublimator.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the phase diagram and sublimation process of water.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spatial water sublimator for the breakdown instability suppression method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explosion diagram of a spatial water sublimator for the breakdown instability suppression method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional partial cross-sectional view of a porous plate of a spatial water sublimator according to the method for suppressing breakdown instability.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of three forces acting synergistically in the inhibition of breakdown instability in the multiwell plate of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a continuously tapered well of a multi-well plate of the present invention.
In the figure: water storage tank 1, water pipe 2, water sublimator body 3, inlet 31, water feeding cavity 32, liquid water 33, perforated plate 4, outer side 41, inner side 42, tapered hole 43, ice layer 44, friction force 45, positive pressure 46, additional capillary pressure 47, bottom liquid pressure 48, small aperture D, large aperture D.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 3-6, a spatial water sublimator inhibiting structure for preventing breakdown instability comprises a water storage tank 1, a water pipe 2 and a water sublimator main body 3, wherein the water storage tank 1 is communicated with the water sublimator main body 3 through the water pipe 2; the top of water sublimator main part 3 is equipped with perforated plate 4, and perforated plate 4 and the sealed laminating in 3 upper portions of water sublimator main part form water supply cavity 32 between perforated plate 4 and the water sublimator main part 3, and water supply cavity 32 is filled with liquid water 33 in, is equipped with a plurality of convergent hole 43 on the perforated plate 4, and the aperture of convergent hole 43 is the layering convergent or continuous convergent from inboard 42 to outside side 41, and water supply cavity 32 passes through convergent hole 43 communicates with each other with outside vacuum environment.
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, the operation principle of a spatial water sublimator inhibiting structure for preventing breakdown instability is as follows: the water storage tank 1 is connected with the water sublimator main body 3 through the water pipe 2, the porous plate 4 is hermetically attached to the upper part of the water sublimator main body 3, so that the whole space water sublimator is communicated with the external space in vacuum through the tapered holes 43 in the porous plate 4, the external side 41 of the porous plate is positioned in the space vacuum environment, when the water sublimator operates, the water sublimator feed chamber 32 will be filled with liquid water 33, which, as the liquid level rises into the porous plate, because the pressure suddenly drops and the temperature and the pressure of the pressure drop are all reduced to three phase points, an ice layer 44 is formed in the gradually-contracted hole of the porous plate, the ice layer 44 in the gradually-contracted hole of the porous plate resists the hydraulic pressure 48 at the bottom of the ice layer under the synergistic action of the frictional resistance 45 between the ice layer and the wall of the gradually-contracted hole, the positive pressure 46 exerted on the ice layer by the gradually-contracted hole and the additional capillary pressure 47 generated by the gradually-contracted hole, the ice layer is prevented from being punctured by the force, and the purpose of inhibiting the spatial water sublimator from being punctured and unstable is achieved.
Where frictional resistance and positive wall pressure can be demonstrated by fig. 4, additional capillary driving pressure can be achieved as follows: the micron-scale pore size in a porous plate causes the generation of capillary pumping force, and the difference of the radius of curvature of the phase interface exists in the convergent/divergent channel according to the young-laplace equation, so that an additional capillary pressure can be generated at the two ends of the microchannel:
Δpc＝2σ/R1-2σ/R2(1)
wherein σ is surface tension, R1And R2The radii of curvature of the interphase in the channel tapering and diverging sections are indicated, respectively.
The invention can change the current situation that the single resistance in the porous plate of the water sublimator inhibits breakdown instability by means of structural optimization, and the ice layer is locked by a method of utilizing three forces (friction resistance, additional capillary pressure and positive pressure of the structural wall surface) to cooperate with an inhibition mechanism. The invention can stably and reliably operate under the working condition that the common water sublimator achieves breakdown instability, and the working condition interval of stable operation of the water sublimator is enlarged to the maximum extent.
Claims (4)
1. A spatial water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability comprises a water storage tank (1), a water pipe (2) and a water sublimator main body (3), wherein the water storage tank (1) is communicated with the water sublimator main body (3) through the water pipe (2); the method is characterized in that: the utility model discloses a water sublimator, including water sublimator main part (3), water sublimator main part (3) top is equipped with perforated plate (4), perforated plate (4) and the sealed laminating in water sublimator main part (3) upper portion, perforated plate (4) with form between water sublimator main part (3) and give water chamber (32), give water chamber (32) and fill with liquid water (33), be equipped with a plurality of tapering holes (43) on perforated plate (4), the aperture of tapering holes (43) is layering convergent or continuous convergent from inboard (42) to outside side (41), give water chamber (32) pass through tapering holes (43) communicate with each other with outside vacuum environment, liquid water (33) in giving water chamber (32) are along with the liquid level when rising at most to (4), because pressure drop, its temperature and pressure all drop to the triple point form ice layer (44) in tapering holes (43), form frictional resistance (45) between the hole of ice layer (44) and tapering holes (43), the positive pressure (46) exerted on the ice layer (44) by the tapered holes (43) and the additional capillary pressure (47) generated by the tapered holes (43) are cooperated to prevent the bottom hydraulic pressure (48) from breaking down the ice layer (44), so as to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the spatial water sublimator from breaking down and destabilizing.
2. The spatial water sublimator suppressor structure for preventing breakdown destabilization according to claim 1, wherein: the tapered holes (43) are uniformly distributed on the porous plate (4).
3. The spatial water sublimator suppressor structure for preventing breakdown destabilization according to claim 1, wherein: the interior of the tapered hole (43) is at least formed by layering two conical holes which are overlapped with each other, and the aperture of each conical hole is continuously tapered from inside to outside.
4. The spatial water sublimator suppressor structure for preventing breakdown destabilization according to claim 1, wherein: the additional capillary pressure (47) is the capillary pumping force caused by the micron-scale pore size in the porous plate (4), the difference of the curvature radius of the phase interface exists in the reducing and gradually expanding channels, the additional capillary pressure is generated at the two ends of the micro-channel, and the additional capillary pressure is calculated by the following formula
Δpc＝2σ/R1-2σ/R2(1)
Wherein σ is surface tension, R1And R2The radii of curvature of the interphase in the channel tapering and diverging sections are indicated, respectively.
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| US5246061A (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1993-09-21 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Thermal storage by heavy water phase change |
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-
2020
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